scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of retail food and human Campylobacter isolates on the island of Ireland from 2001–2002

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1282-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. McGILL ◽  
D. COWLEY ◽  
L. MORAN ◽  
P. SCATES ◽  
A. O'LEARY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Retail Food ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

The antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter isolates recovered from a range of retail food samples (n=374) and humans (n=314) to eight antimicrobial compounds were investigated. High levels of resistance in food C. jejuni isolates were observed for ceftiofur (58%), ampicillin (25%) and nalidixic acid (17%) with lower levels observed for streptomycin (7·9%) and chloramphenicol (8·3%). A total of 80% of human C. jejuni isolates were resistant to ceftiofur, while 17% showed resistance to ampicillin and nalidixic acid, 8·6% to streptomycin and 4·1% to chloramphenicol. Resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobials such as erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was 6·7, 12, and 15% respectively for all food isolates and was similar to corresponding resistance prevalences observed for human isolates, where 6·4, 12 and 13% respectively were found to be resistant. Comparisons of C. jejuni isolates in each location showed a high degree of similarity although some regional variations did exist. Comparison of total C. jejuni and C. coli populations showed minor differences, with C. jejuni isolates more resistant to ampicillin and ceftiofur. Multidrug resistance patterns showed some profiles common to human and clinical isolates.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter in raw retail chickens and imported chicken portions

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

Campylobacter isolates from raw retail chickens (n=434) sampled between 1998 and 2000 were tested for resistance to 12 antibiotics. Among 208 campylobacters tested, more than 90% of isolates were susceptible to 4 out of 9 antibiotics (nalidixic acid, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin). Most campylobacters were resistant to 3 antibiotics and multiple resistance was found in 4%. Ciprofloxacin resistance was 11%. Campylobacter contamination (28%) in imported chickens (n=150) was almost half that found in local whole chickens (50%), but the resistance of imported isolates (n=42) was similar to that of local campylobacters. Resistance in isolates from imported chicken breasts was generally more common, but to only 4 antibiotics. Resistance patterns of chicken isolates were compared to human clinical isolates (n=494), and a greater similarity was found between the clinical and local isolates than with imported campylobacters. Lower chloramphenicol resistance was found in clinical Campylobacter isolates than in those from chicken sources.

Surveillance and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Strains Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs in Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1502-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL JESÚS ASTORGA MÁRQUEZ ◽  
AURORA ECHEITA SALABERRIA ◽  
ALFONSO MALDONADO GARCÍA ◽  
SILVIA VALDEZATE JIMENEZ ◽  
ALFONSO CARBONERO MARTINEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

The prevalence of and the antibiotic resistance shown by Salmonella isolated from pigs in Andalusia (southern Spain) is reported. Salmonella enterica was recovered from 40 (33%) of 121 sampled herds, and a total of 65 isolates were serotyped. The most common Salmonella serotypes were Typhimurium and Rissen (30.7% each); others included Derby (9.2%), Brandenburg (9.2%), Newport (7.7%), Bredeney (4.6%), Anatum (3.0%), Hadar (1.5%), and Goldcoast (1.5%). One strain (1.5%) belonging to the monophasic variant of the Typhimurium serotype (Salmonella 4,5,12:i:−) was also detected. Definitive phage type (DT) 104b was the most common Typhimurium phage type isolated. These Salmonella strains were resistant to various antimicrobial agents, including tetracycline (84.6%), streptomycin (69.2%), neomycin (63.0%), sulfonamides (61.5%), ampicillin (53.8%), and amoxicillin (53.8%). All isolates were fully susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and colistin. Thirty-nine strains (64%) resistant to four or more antimicrobial agents were defined as multidrug resistant. Multidrug resistance profiles were observed in Salmonella serotypes Typhimurium, Rissen, Brandenburg, Bredeney, a monophasic variant, Gold-coast, Hadar, and Anatum, with serotypes Typhimurium and Brandenburg showing the most complicated resistance patterns (resistant to ≥11 drugs).

scholarly journals Presence and Characterization of a Novel cfr-Carrying Tn558 Transposon Derivative in Staphylococcus delphini Isolated From Retail Food

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Shi Wu ◽  
Jiahui Huang ◽  
Runshi Yang ◽  
Jumei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Retail Food

Antimicrobial resistance has become a major public health threat. Food-related Staphylococcus species have received much attention due to their multidrug resistance. The cfr gene associated with multidrug resistance has been consistently detected in food-derived Staphylococcus species. In this retrospective study, we examined the prevalence of cfr-positive Staphylococcus strains isolated from poultry meat in different geographical areas of China from 2011 to 2016. Two cfr-positive Staphylococcus delphini strains were identified from poultry meat in China. Comparative and whole-genome analyses were performed to characterize the genetic features and overall antimicrobial resistance genes in the two S. delphini isolates 245-1 and 2794-1. Whole-genome sequencing showed that they both harbored a novel 20,258-bp cfr-carrying Tn558 transposon derivative on their chromosomes. The Tn558 derivative harbors multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including the transferable multiresistance gene cfr, chloramphenicol resistance gene fexA, aminoglycoside resistance genes aacA-aphD and aadD, and bleomycin resistance gene ble. Surprisingly, within the Tn558 derivative, an active unconventional circularizable structure containing various resistance genes and a copy of a direct repeat sequence was identified by two-step PCR. Furthermore, core genome phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cfr-positive S. delphini strains were most closely related to S. delphini 14S03313-1 isolated from Japan in 2017 and 14S03319-1 isolated from Switzerland in 2017. This study is the first report of S. delphini harboring a novel cfr-carrying Tn558 derivative isolated from retail food. This finding raises further concerns regarding the potential threat to food safety and public health safety. The occurrence and dissemination of similar cfr-carrying transposons from diverse Staphylococcus species need further surveillance.

Salmonella in Raw Chicken Meat from the Romanian Seaside: Frequency of Isolation and Antibiotic Resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMIL TÎRZIU ◽  
ROMEU LAZĂR ◽  
CLAUDIA SALA ◽  
ILEANA NICHITA ◽  
ADRIANA MORAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Meat Samples

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella in raw chicken meat samples collected at the Romanian seaside and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. In 2012, 317 chicken meat samples from slaughterhouses (n = 289) and retail markets (n = 28) were evaluated. Overall, 13.2% (42) of the samples contained Salmonella; 12.8% (37) and 17.8% (5) from the chicken carcasses at slaughterhouses and the fresh meat from retail markets, respectively. Eight serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were identified: Infantis (18 isolates), Bredeney (7), Virchow (6), Djugu (4), Grampian (4), Brandenburg (1), Derby (1), and Ruzizi (1). The isolates were resistant to tetracycline (66.6% of isolates), nalidixic acid (64.3%), sulfamethoxazole (64.3%), ciprofloxacin (61.9%), streptomycin (59.5%), trimethoprim (33.3%), ampicillin (9.5%), chloramphenicol (7.1%), and gentamicin (2.4%). No resistance was found to cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Thirty (71.4%) of the 42 tested isolates had multidrug resistance patterns to at least two antimicrobials. This survey highlighted a multidrug-resistant Salmonella contamination rate in raw chicken meat in this area of Romania, which can seriously threaten human health.

Interspecific relationships of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus sp.: isolation and comparison of plasmids determining tetracycline resistance in S. aureus and S. epidermidis

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Groves
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Dna Homology ◽  
Reference Plasmid ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis was confirmed to be determined by plasmids of the same size. Digestion of plasmids from each strain with restriction endonucleases EcoRl, HindIII, and AluI showed a high degree of similarity in their DNA sequences. At least 10 cleavage sites which appear to be common to both plasmids were detected. An additional three cleavage sites appear to be unique to the S. epidermidis plasmid. Further, a survey of recent clinical isolates of tetracycline-resistant staphylococci detected 7 of 10 S. aureus strains and 8 of 9 S. epidermidis strains with plasmids which were of similar size to the purified reference plasmids and which, by hybridization, showed extensive DNA homology to the S. aureus reference plasmid DNA.

Antibiotic Resistance and Growth of the Emergent Pathogen Escherichia albertii on Raw Ground Beef Stored under Refrigeration, Abuse, and Physiological Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEILA L. PEREZ ◽  
M. JAHANGIR ALAM ◽  
ALEJANDRO CASTILLO ◽  
T. MATTHEW TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Variant Form ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

Escherichia albertii is an emerging gram-negative facultative rod that has been implicated in multiple cases of human diarrheal disease, particularly in young children. When biochemical and other typing methods have been used, this organism has often been misidentified due to similarities with other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Isolates have been reported to be capable of producing attachment and effacement lesions via the synthesis of intimin, cytolethal distending toxin, and a variant form of Shiga toxin. The purposes of this study were to characterize the antibiotic resistance characteristics and the growth of individual strains of E. albertii on raw ground beef at different storage temperatures. Nalidixic acid–resistant strains of E. albertii were inoculated onto raw ground beef to a target of 4.0 log CFU/g, and samples were then aerobically incubated at 5, 22, or 35°C for various time periods prior to microbiological enumeration of the pathogen on lactose-free MacConkey agar containing 50 mg of nalidixic acid per liter and 0.5% l-rhamnose. Antibiotic resistance was determined using a broth microdilution assay. E. albertii did not grow at 5°C, with populations declining slowly over 14 days of refrigerated storage. Strains of the organism grew well under abusive storage, increasing by 2.5 to 3.1 log CFU/g and 4.1 to 4.3 log CFU/g after 24 h at 22 and 35°C, respectively. All strains were resistant to tetracycline but were sensitive to tested cephalosporins and chloramphenicol. Resistance to penicillin was observed, but susceptibility to other members of the β-lactam group, including ampicillin, amoxicillin, and clavulanic acid, was recorded. E. albertii represents an emerging pathogen with a probable foodborne transmission route. Future research should focus on verifying food process measures able to inactivate the pathogen.

scholarly journals Detection of Salmonella spp. in Retail Raw Food Samples from Vietnam and Characterization of Their Antibiotic Resistance

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (21) ◽  
pp. 6885-6890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Hao Van ◽  
George Moutafis ◽  
Taghrid Istivan ◽  
Linh Thuoc Tran ◽  
Peter J. Coloe
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Salmonella Spp

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to examine the levels of Salmonella spp. contamination in raw food samples, including chicken, beef, pork, and shellfish, from Vietnam and to determine their antibiotic resistance characteristics. A total of 180 samples were collected and examined for the presence of Salmonella spp., yielding 91 Salmonella isolates. Sixty-one percent of meat and 18% of shellfish samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. Susceptibility of all isolates to a variety of antimicrobial agents was tested, and resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin/amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, sulfafurazole, and streptomycin was found in 40.7%, 22.0%, 18.7%, 16.5%, and 14.3% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance to enrofloxacin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and gentamicin was also detected (8.8 to 2.2%). About half (50.5%) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and multiresistant Salmonella isolates, resistant to at least three different classes of antibiotics, were isolated from all food types. One isolate from chicken (serovar Albany) contained a variant of the Salmonella genomic island 1 antibiotic resistance gene cluster. The results show that antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. in raw food samples from Vietnam is significant.

scholarly journals The Wide Range of Antibiotic Resistance and Variability of Genotypic Profiles in Escherichia coli from Domestic Animals in Eastern Sicily

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nunziatina Russo ◽  
Alessandro Stamilla ◽  
Giuseppe Cascone ◽  
Cinzia Lucia Randazzo ◽  
Antonino Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

The emergence of multidrug resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in livestock poses a serious public health threat. Escherichia coli, a usual host of intestinal microbiota, is recognized also as etiological agent of numerous infections widespread in both humans and animals. The colibacillosis is one of the most reported zoonoses worldwide, typically treated with antibiotics in the primary stages. This strategy has promoted the onset of antibiotic-resistant serotypes of E. coli, reducing the effectiveness of therapeutic treatments and contributing to antibiotic resistance spread. The current study focused on biodiversity, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance profile of 104 E. coli strains isolated from domestic animals in Eastern Sicily. The strains were isolated from sick animals and carcasses of six different animal species and screened for resistance against 16 antibiotic molecules, as recommended by WHO and OIE. The antibiotic resistance patterns highlighted that all strains were multi-resistant, showing resistance to at least three antibiotic classes. The highest incidence of resistance was observed against amoxicillin (100%), tylosin (97%), sulfamethoxazole (98%), and erythromycin (92%), while the lowest for colistin (8%). The pathotype characterization identified two EPEC strains and the study of genetic linkage (PFGE) showed a wide variety of profiles. The current study emphasized the wide range of multidrug resistance and genotyping profiles in E. coli isolated in Easter Sicily.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Trends in Enteropathogenic Bacteria Isolated in 1985–1987 and 1995–1998 in Barcelona

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1140-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Prats ◽  
Beatriz Mirelis ◽  
Teresa Llovet ◽  
Carmen Muñoz ◽  
Elisenda Miró ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria

ABSTRACT Trends in resistance to antimicrobial agents used for therapy have been evaluated with 3,797 enteropathogenic bacteria,Campylobacter, Salmonella,Shigella, and Yersinia, between 1985–1987 and 1995–1998. The greater increase in the rate of resistance was observed in Campylobacter jejuni for quinolones (from 1 to 82%) and tetracycline (from 23 to 72%) and in gastroenteric salmonellae for ampicillin (from 8 to 44%), chloramphenicol (from 1.7 to 26%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and nalidixic acid (from less than 0.5 to 11%). Multidrug resistance was detected in several Salmonella serotypes. In the 1995–1998 period, 76% of Shigella strains were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 43% were resistant to ampicillin, and 39% were resistant to chloramphenicol. Seventy-two percent ofYersinia enterocolitica O3 strains were resistant to streptomycin, 45% were resistant to sulfonamides, 28% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 20% were resistant to chloramphenicol.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Food-Borne Bacterial Contaminants in Vietnam

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (24) ◽  
pp. 7906-7911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Hao Van ◽  
George Moutafis ◽  
Linh Thuoc Tran ◽  
Peter J. Coloe
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genetic Elements

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to examine the rate of contamination and the molecular characteristics of enteric bacteria isolated from a selection of food sources in Vietnam. One hundred eighty raw food samples were tested; 60.8% of meat samples and 18.0% of shellfish samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp., and more than 90% of all food sources contained Escherichia coli. The isolates were screened for antibiotic resistance against 15 antibiotics, and 50.5% of Salmonella isolates and 83.8% of E. coli isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Isolates were examined for the presence of mobile genetic elements conferring antibiotic resistance. Fifty-seven percent of E. coli and 13% of Salmonella isolates were found to contain integrons, and some isolates contained two integrons. Sequencing results revealed that the integrons harbored various gene cassettes, including aadA1, aadA2, and aadA5 (resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin), aacA4 (resistance to aminoglycosides), the dihydrofolate reductase gene cassettes dhfrXII, dfrA1, and dhfrA17 (trimethoprim resistance), the beta-lactamase gene bla PSE1 (ampicillin resistance), and catB3 (chloramphenicol resistance). Plasmids were also detected in all 23 antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolates and in 33 E. coli isolates. Thirty-five percent of the Salmonella isolates and 76% of the E. coli isolates contained plasmids of more than 95 kb, and some of the isolates contained two large plasmids. Conjugation experiments showed the successful transfer of all or part of the antibiotic resistance phenotypes among the Salmonella and E. coli food isolates. Our results show that enteric bacteria in raw food samples from Vietnam contain a pool of mobile genetic elements and that the transfer of antibiotic resistance can readily occur between similar bacteria.

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