Cooperation between two Thiobacillus strains for heavy-metal removal from municipal sludge

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Blais ◽  
J. C. Auclair ◽  
R. D. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Bacterial Strains

A mixed culture of two fast-growing bacterial strains for heavy-metal solubilization of municipal sewage sludge has been developed. Strain VA-7 decreases the initial sludge pH (7–8.5) to a value between 4.0 and 4.5. Then, strain VA-4 begins growing and further reduces the pH to values below 2.0. The rapid decrease of sludge pH by a mixed culture through sulfur oxidation into sulfuric acid solubilizes the toxic metals (Cd 83–96%, Cr 16–54%, Cu 85–87%, Mn 91–94%, Ni 78–79%, Pb 28–46%, Zn 82–96%) to levels recommended for intensive use of residual sludge in agriculture. A study of the physiological and metabolic characteristics of these strains revealed that isolate VA-7 is a strain of Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 55127), while isolate VA-4 corresponds to a Thiobacillus thiooxidans (ATCC 55128). These bacterial strains possess distinctive physiological characteristics that allow them to easily grow and solubilize heavy metals in municipal sludge. Key words: heavy metals, sewage sludge, thiobacilli, bioleaching, elemental sulfur.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of Municipal Sewage Sludge to Investigate Char and Phosphorous Yield together with Heavy-Metal Removal—Experimental and by Thermodynamic Calculations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Naeimeh Vali ◽  
Lars-Erik Åmand ◽  
Aurélie Combres ◽  
Tobias Richards ◽  
Anita Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Different Temperatures

Sewage sludge is regarded as a potential source for soil fertilizer However, the direct utilization of sewage sludge in agricultural land is restricted since it also contains heavy metals, pathogens, and toxic compounds. Pyrolysis of the sewage sludge destroys the organic pollutants and partly volatilizes the heavy metals. In this study, pyrolysis of sewage sludge was carried out in order to determine the optimum residence time and temperature to recover the phosphorous and remove heavy metals from the resultant sewage sludge char (SSC). Pyrolysis was conducted on dried sewage sludge (DSS) by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and high-temperature oven with an N2-atmosphere. Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES) was used to determine the concentration of P and trace elements in the resulting solid char fraction. A combination of chemical fractionation (step-by-step leaching) of the DSS and thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were utilized to estimate the availability of phosphorous and removal of heavy metals in the SSC fraction at different temperatures. The results from the thermodynamics calculation were in line with the measured chemical composition of the SSC. Furthermore, the energy contents of the SSC obtained at different temperatures were measured. The pyrolysis evaluation results indicate that phosphorous was enriched in the char, while lead, zinc, and cadmium were significantly removed.

scholarly journals Hemp-Based Phytoaccumulation of Heavy Metals from Municipal Sewage Sludge and Phosphogypsum Under Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Dariusz Zielonka ◽  
Wiesław Szulc ◽  
Monika Skowrońska ◽  
Beata Rutkowska ◽  
Stefan Russel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Generative Organs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of three hemp cultivars to accumulate heavy metals under sewage sludge (SS) and phosphogypsum (PG) application. The field study was carried out from 2014 to 2016 on Luvisol (loamy sand) in Poland. The experiment scheme included five treatments—T0: the control without fertilization, T1: 170 kg N (nitrogen) ha−1 from sewage sludge, T2: 170 kg N ha−1 from sewage sludge and 100 kg ha−1 of phosphogypsum, T3: 170 kg N ha−1 from sewage sludge and 500 kg ha−1 of phosphogypsum, and T4: 170 kg N ha−1 from sewage sludge and 1000 kg ha−1 of phosphogypsum. It was found that the application of municipal sewage sludge enriched the soil with the bioavailable forms of heavy metals to the greatest extent and contributed to the highest increase in their contents in vegetative and generative organs of hemp plants. These parameters showed a phosphogypsum dose-dependent decline, which could hinder the phytoextraction process. The greatest extractions of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) from the soil treated with SS and PG were achieved by the Tygra variety, which had the highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) and biomass yield.

Heavy Metal Speciation of Sewage Sludge and its Phytotoxic Effects on the Germination of Three Plant Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 1022-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mian Hao Hu ◽  
Ju Hong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Industrial Sludge ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Aqua Regia

The environmental impact of sewage sludges depends on the availability and phytotoxicity of their heavy metal. The influence of representative sludges (industrial sludge and municipal sludge) on the availability of heavy metals, and their effects on seed germination were compared. The total heavy metal concentrations were below the maximum permitted for land applied waste and the differences among them were small. The DTPA-extracted metal concentrations were significant different. The sum of all the fractions in the slugdes was close to the total metal content as determined by extraction with aqua regia. In addition, there were significant differences in the chemical forms of the heavy metals (Hg, Ni, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb) by the sequential extraction system. The two different sludges also affected seed germination and root elongation in different ways. The most serious adverse effects were caused by the municipal sewage sludge extract.

scholarly journals USE PF URBAN SLUDGE COMPOST AS FERTILIZANT ON APPLE ORCHARDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Claudia Nicola ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Paraschiv ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Sludge Compost ◽  
Sewage Sludge Compost

This study shows the influence of compost fertilization derived from sludge obtained from wastewater treatment on the nutrition of an eight-year-old apple orchard, ʹJonathanʹ cv. A field experiment was conducted to demonstrate the beneficial and negative aspects of (urban) sludge compost fertilization in apples and to assess the risk of soil contamination with heavy metals from municipal sewage sludge compost. The experimental factor was the compost with the following gradations: V1 = 0 t/ha, V2 = 20 t/ha, V3 = 40 t/ha, V4 = 60 t/ha, V5 = 80 t/ha. After two years (2019-2021) from soil fertilization with compost, the nitrogen content of the leaves increased in the treatment with the maximum fertilization dose (80 t/ha) by 30% compared to the unfertilized control, while the phosphorus content of leaves increased by 80% compared to non-fertilization control. The potassium content of the leaves increased by 36% in the 80 t/ha treatment compared to the unfertilized control, but still remained at a deficit level. The results showed that growth and yield were improved by using sewage sludge compost. However, sewage sludge compost applications have not significantly altered the heavy metal content of plant tissues. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the maximum permissible thresholds according to standards established in other EU countries, where compost from sewage sludge is considered product, not waste. However, the calculation of the Igeo index (geoaccumulation index of heavy metal in soil) showed certain levels of soil pollution already installed with Cd Zn, Pb in all variants fertilized with compost.

scholarly journals Immobilization of selected heavy metals from fly ash from thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge in hardening slurries

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Szarek ◽  
Paweł Falaciński ◽  
Małgorzata Wojtkowska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Heavy Metal Immobilization ◽  
Key Issues

AbstractThe growing number of municipal sewage treatment plants in Poland raises the problem of managing more and more sludge. The thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge (TTMSS), which significantly reduces the volume of waste, results in an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the fly ashes – the final products of the process. The search for methods of utilization of fly ash from TTMSS resulted in attempts to use it in hardening slurries widely used in hydro-engineering. Due to the nature of the application of this material in the cut-off walls (exposure to groundwater flow) one of the key issues is the degree of heavy metal immobilization. The paper attempted to determine the degree of leaching of selected heavy metals from the hardened hardening slurry, composed of fly ash from TTMSS. For this purpose, the eluates were prepared from samples, after various periods of curing, using a dynamic short-term method called “Batch test”. The liquid used for leaching was: distilled water and 0.1 molar EDTA solution – to determine the amount of potentially mobile heavy metal forms. The results show the possibility of the safe usage of fly ash from TTMSS as an additive for hardening slurries.

A Review on Current Development of Animal Bone-Based Sorbent for Heavy Metals Removal from Contaminated Water and Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Sri Martini ◽  
Kiagus Ahmad Roni ◽  
Dian Kharismadewi ◽  
Erna Yuliwaty
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Cow Bone

This review article presents the usage of various animal bones such as chicken bone, fish bone, pig bone, camel bone, and cow bone as reliable biosorbent materials to remove heavy metals contained in contaminated water and wastewater. The sources and toxicity effects of heavy metal ions are also discussed properly. Then specific insights related to adsorption process and its influential factors along with the proven potentiality of selected biosorbents especially derived from animal bone are also explained. As the biosorbents are rich in particular organic and inorganic compounds and functional groups in nature, they play an important role in heavy metal removal from contaminated solutions. Overall, after conducting study reports on the literature, a brief conclusion can be drawn that animal bone waste has satisfactory efficacy as effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly sorbent material.

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