The kinetic parameters of trehalase in whole and disrupted mitochondrial preparations from two insects with asynchronous muscle

The kinetic parameters of trehaiase in honey bee and flesh fly mitochondria were compared. The studies were carried out with whole mitochondria and with mitochondria disrupted in various ways and to different degrees. Honey bee mitochondrial trehalase was significantly activated by Lubrol WX treatment (30.0-fold), by high pH treatment (20.8-fold), and by a treatment consisting of 10 passes through a French press (37.9-fold) but not by the other treatments tried (salt, proteases, Waring blender, and sonication), despite the fact that these treatments also disrupted the mitochondria significantly. The activation effect was on the Vmax. The Km value did not change. Simple breakage of either the outer or inner (or both) membranes was not sufficient to activate trehalase from honey bees, which showed that the activation was not an indirect result of a change in the ease with which trehalose can pass through the membranes. Honey bee trehalase is the first trehalase from insects with asynchronous muscle which has been shown to be activatable by physical and chemical methods. Flesh fly mitochondrial trehalase behaved quite differently from the honey bee enzyme in that it could not be activated by any of the techniques tried, even when there were significant amounts of disruption.

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The effect of a lack of uncapped brood on social interactions between honey bee workers and the queen

Apidologie ◽

10.1007/s13592-021-00905-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sylwia Łopuch ◽

Adam Tofilski

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

High Speed ◽

Egg Production ◽

Social Contexts ◽

The Other ◽

High Speed Camera ◽

Time Required ◽

Honey Bee Workers

AbstractVibro-acoustic communication is used by honey bees in many different social contexts. Our previous research showed that workers interact with their queen outside of the swarming period by means of wing-beating behaviour. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that the wing-beating behaviour of workers attending the queen stimulates her to lay eggs. The behaviour of workers and the queen was recorded using a high-speed camera, at first in the presence of uncapped brood in the nest and then without one. None of the queens performed wing-beating behaviour. On the other hand, the workers attending the queen demonstrated this behaviour two times per minute, on average, even in the presence of uncapped brood in the nest. After removing the combs with the uncapped brood, the incidence of wing-beating behaviour increased significantly to an average of four times per minute. Wing-beating behaviour did not differ significantly in its characteristics when uncapped brood was present or absent in the nest. During 3 days after removing the combs with the uncapped brood, there was no significant increase in the rate of egg lying by the queen. Therefore, the results presented here do not convincingly confirm that the wing-beating behaviour of workers affects the rate of queen's egg-lying. This negative result can be related to colony disturbance and longer time required by the queen to increase egg production.

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Note: Recording of Some Beetles in Honey Bee Colonies

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/cerce-2018-0019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 85-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H.F. Abou-Shaara ◽

M.E. Ahmad ◽

J. Háva

Keyword(s):

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

The Other ◽

Beetle Species ◽

Large Numbers ◽

The World ◽

Bee Bread ◽

Small Hive Beetles ◽

Bee Colonies ◽

Different Parts

Abstract Honey bees are very valuable to human. These social insects contribute in the pollination of many crops. Also, the products from honey bee colonies have many nutritional and medicinal benefits. Thus, keeping honey bees are very valuable and can be considered as source of income to many families. There are many diseases and pests that attack honey bee colonies. The pests attack bee colonies include: hornets, wax moths, bee-eater birds, and beetles. Such challenges can impact the survival and productivity of honey bee colonies. In this study, some beetle species belong to Fam. Nitidulidae, Dermestidae and Mycetophagidae were detected in honey bee colonies in Egypt, during spring. Despite the presence of many beetle species in the agricultural environment, only few species preferred the invasion of the colonies for feeding. These beetles do not attack stages of honey bees. They only feed on stored pollen or bee bread, especially those fallen on the bottom of the beehives. This is an alarm to follow the feeding behavior and distribution of these beetles. These beetles’ species can be considered as potential pests to weak honey bee colonies, housed in old or damaged beehives. The presence of large numbers of these beetles in weak colonies may disturb the activities of the bees and may passively impact the survival of the colonies. Listing these beetles is very important to better understanding the interaction between honey bees and beetles. On the other side, small hive beetles were not detected in the colonies. These beetles are currently one of the major problems facing honey bees in different parts of the world. This study confirms the absence of small hive beetles from Egypt.

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Busy Bees: Variation in Insect Flower-Visiting Rates across Multiple Plant Species

Psyche A Journal of Entomology ◽

10.1155/2015/134630 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Margaret J. Couvillon ◽

Chandra M. Walter ◽

Eluned M. Blows ◽

Tomer J. Czaczkes ◽

Karin L. Alton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Plant Species ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Bumble Bees ◽

The Other ◽

Insect Diversity ◽

Visitation Rates ◽

Insect Visitation ◽

Flower Visiting

We quantified insect visitation rates by counting how many flowers/inflorescences were probed per unit time for five plant species (four native and one garden: California lilac, bramble, ragwort, wild marjoram, and ivy) growing in Sussex, United Kingdom, by following individual insects (n=2987) from nine functional groups (honey bees (Apis mellifera), bumble bees (Bombusspp.), hoverflies, flies, butterflies, beetles, wasps, non-Apidae bees, and moths). Additionally, we made a census of the insect diversity on the studied plant species. Overall we found that insect groups differed greatly in their rate of flower visits (P<2.2e-16), with bumble bees and honey bees visiting significantly more flowers per time (11.5 and 9.2 flowers/minute, resp.) than the other insect groups. Additionally, we report on a within-group difference in the non-Apidae bees, where the genusOsmia, which is often suggested as an alternative to honey bees as a managed pollinator, was very speedy (13.4 flowers/minute) compared to the other non-Apidae bees (4.3 flowers/minute). Our census showed that the plants attracted a range of insects, with the honey bee as the most abundant visitor (34%). Therefore, rate differences cannot be explained by particular specializations. Lastly, we discuss potential implications of our conclusions for pollination.

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Nutritional Effect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Honey Bee Colony Development (Apis Mellifera L.)

Journal of Apicultural Science ◽

10.1515/jas-2015-0023 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 63-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lanting Ma ◽

Ying Wang ◽

Xiaobo Hang ◽

Hongfang Wang ◽

Weiren Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Basal Diet ◽

The Other ◽

Colony Development ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽

Bee Colony ◽

Nutritional Effect

AbstractAlpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), influences honey bee feed intake and longevity. The objective of this study was to research the effect of six dietary ALA levels on the growth and development of Apis mellifera ligustica colonies. In the early spring, a total of 36 honey bee colonies of equal size and queen quality were randomly allocated into 6 groups. The six groups of honey bees were fed a basal diet with supplementation of ALA levels at 0 (group A), 2 (group B), 4 (group C), 6 (group D), 8 (group E), and 10% (group F). In this study, there were significant effects of pollen substitute ALA levels on the feeding amounts of the bee colony, colony population, sealed brood amount, and weight of newly emerged workers (P<0.05). The workers’ midgut Lipase (LPS) activity of group C was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P<0.01). The worker bees in groups B, C, and D had significantly longer lifespans than those in the other groups (P<0.05). However, when the diets had ALA concentrations of more than 6%, the mortality of the honey bees increased (P<0.01). These results indicate that ALA levels of 2 ~ 4% of the pollen substitute were optimal for maintaining the highest reproductive performance and the digestion and absorption of fatty acids in honey bees during the period of spring multiplication. Additionally, ALA levels of 2 ~ 6% of the pollen substitute, improved worker bee longevity.

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Proposed Standard Methods for Ink Identification

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/58.1.122 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 122-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jerry D Kelly ◽

Antonio A Cantu

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

The Other ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Ink Analysis ◽

Spot Tests ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract Two methods are presented for the identification of ink, both of which are currently being used by laboratories involved in ink analysis. Both methods incorporate physical and chemical procedures. The differences are primarily in chemical methods involving spot tests and thin layer chromatographic (TLC) techniques. Furthermore, one method utilizes spectrophotometric scanning of the TLC plate whereas the other method utilizes solution spectrophotometry. It is recommended that both methods be evaluated by several laboratories.

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Smart Organic-Inorganic Nanogels for Activatable Theranostics

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666170920164614 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 1366-1376 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fangyuan Li ◽

Zeyu Liang ◽

Daishun Ling

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Controlled Drug Release ◽

The Other ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Future Directions ◽

Inorganic Hybrid ◽

Inorganic Nanomaterials ◽

Theranostic Applications ◽

Physical And Chemical

Intelligent polymeric nanogels, with the rationally designed stimuli-responsive drug delivery and controlled drug release, have attracted considerable attention as an ideal nanoplatform for activatable therapy. On the other hand, functional inorganic nanomaterials are widely used as medical imaging agents due to their unique magnetic or optical properties. The construction of stimuli-responsive polymeric nanogels incorporating with functional inorganic nanomaterials inherits the excellent properties of both polymers and inorganic nanomaterials, consequently, the resulted organic-inorganic hybrid nanogels naturally exhibit stimuli-responsive multi-functionalities for both imaging and therapy. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of stimuli-responsive organic-inorganic hybrid nanogels. Firstly, we discuss the physical and chemical methods thus far developed for the integration of polymeric nanogels and inorganic nanomaterials, and then we show the typical examples of activatable theranostic applications using organic-inorganic hybrid nanogels. In the end, the existing challenges and future directions are briefly discussed.

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Natural Enemies of Honey Bees Apis Cerana F and Associated Problems in Beekeeping in Kaski, W Nepal.

Journal of Natural History Museum ◽

10.3126/jnhm.v24i1.2260 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 89-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nar Bahadur Ranabhat ◽

Ananda Shova Tamrakar

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Key Words ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Apis Cerana ◽

The Other ◽

Technical Knowledge ◽

Vespa Velutina ◽

Wax Moth

A study was conducted at the southern belt of Kaski District during August 2003 to July 2004 to identify natural enemies of honey bee Apis cerana Fab. and associated problems in beekeeping. Four species of wasps viz: Vespa velutina, V. bicolor, V. tropica and V. basalis were observed preying on Apis cerana. Six species of Ants were collected from hive attacking honey bees viz Componatus sp, Sima sp, Monomorium sp, Myrmica sp and two unidentified. Four species of spider viz Palatar indicus, Ariope areuta and the other two belonging to family Theridae and Araneidae were collected from the hives. Two species of Birds, Green bee- Eater and Drongo; One species of Beetle, One Chalcid (Antrocephalus sp) were identified.The disease Thaisac brood, Mite, Wax Moth and pesticide damage, deforestation, absconding of bees, lack of technical knowledge were important problems for apiculture in study area. Key words: Apis cerana F; Enemies; Pesticide; Absconding; Kaski Journal of Natural History MuseumVol. 24, 2009Page: 89-95

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Morpometric study of Hungarian honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/51/2063 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

Erika Zakar ◽

Edit Zajácz ◽

Tímea Rácz ◽

János Oláh ◽

András Jávor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Apis Mellifera ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

The Other ◽

Special Importance ◽

Agricultural Plants ◽

The Common ◽

The One

The honey bees are essential for the pollination of agricultural plants. The Pannonian honey bee, Apis mellifera pannonica, is native to Hungary, only these subspecies are being bread in our country. The parameters have been separated the pannon and italian honey bee subspecies, the colour of tergit, the cubital index and proboscis length. The morphometric analisys is of special importance because this, on the one hand, shows correlation with honey bee production and on the other hand, the pure morphometric charactersitics is the basis of any potential honey bee export. Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites are the common methods to define genetic diversity and the separation of subspecies.

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Externality effects of honey production

Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce ◽

10.19041/apstract/2012/1-2/8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1-2) ◽

pp. 63-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Georgina Árváné Ványi ◽

Zsolt Csapó ◽

László Kárpáti

Keyword(s):

Research Methods ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Healthy Food ◽

Economic Effects ◽

The Other ◽

External Effect ◽

Honey Production ◽

The World ◽

Positive Externality

Bee-keeping and honey production has a long history in Hungary. Honey is an important and healthy food of people and it can be consumed without any human processing. The honey production has important role, too. Some researchers say that if honey bee will extinct the humanity in the world would also extinct. It is true since plant pollination by honey bees is very important. It is confirmed by researchers’ studies that plant pollination by honey bees has significant positive external impacts on potential yields in orchards. Although the contribution of honey production to the GDP in Hungary is only a few per cent, other benefits play more important role. One of them is the positive external effect – mentioned above – and the other is the contribution to the biodiversity of the nature. This paper focuses on secondary research methods, gathering and evaluating data regarding the positive external impacts of plant pollination by honey bees as well as finding possible solution for the problem that bee-keepers have a lot of costs in connection with carrying honey bees to orchards, while farmers “only” benefit from the positive externality of plant pollination of their fields. To evaluate its economic effects a numerical HEEM-model was developed and applied for the Hungarian situation.

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