Electroosmotic introduction of methacrylate polycations to dehydrate clayey soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Pączkowska
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Organic Cations ◽  
Polymeric Additive ◽  
Very High

The results of research on highly swelling and contractible Pliocene clays are presented in this paper. The introduction of the polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (with pendant chains possessing organic cations (poly-DEAH+Cl–)) into the clay and the dewatering of the clay were performed using the electroosmosis technique. The measurements were made using a simple electroosmosis apparatus equipped with a specially designed anode, with an electric field equal to 0.5 V/cm applied during the process. After the introduction of the polymeric materials into the clay, a more uniform distribution of the water content and a shortening of the dewatering time were observed in the tested samples. In some cases, dehydration in the presence of poly-DEAH+Cl– was four times more effective than dewatering carried out without a polymeric additive. Additionally, as pilot measurements have shown, the introduction of a proper amount of poly-DEAH+Cl– into the host layers of the clay causes: (i) a decrease in the expansion index, EI, of about 60%; (ii) an increase in the strength parameter, Cu (cohesion), of about 50%; (iii) an increase in the internal friction angle, ϕu, of about 100%; and (iv) a very high decrease in soaking. The clay–polymer composite demonstrates high resistance against moisture.Key words: electroosmosis, polymeric additive, electroosmotic dewatering, clay physical properties.

Experimental Study of the Shear Strength of Cobalt-Rich Crusts

2013 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 576-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yun Wu ◽  
Zheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Shearing Strength

The shear strength parameter of cobalt-rich crusts can be used to design cobalt-rich crusts mining head. The shearing test of cobalt-rich crusts sample was done with different angle shearing testing apparatus.Firstly, the cobalt-rich crusts sample with the size of 50mmx50mmx50mm cube was clamped in the variable angle plate.Secondly, the sample ware loaded till to be damaged. Lastly,the damaged load were recorded at the degree of 50, 60 and 70 to establish their shearing strength and normal stress empirical formula.According to the testing result, its cohesion and internal friction angle parameters are respectively 0.275MPa and 54.43 degree. Restricted by the number of samples and limited by laboratory testing,in-situ shearing strength test should be carried out to improve the proposed empirical formula.

AVESTA POLARIT 724L

Alloy Digest ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Urea Production ◽  
Very High

Abstract Avesta Polarit 724L is a 17-13-2.5L special austenitic stainless steel developed for use in urea production, especially hot carbamate solutions. The alloy also has a very high resistance to intergranular corrosion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-501. Producer or source: AvestaPolarit AB. Originally published as Avesta 17-13-2.5L, January 1989, revised October 2001.

scholarly journals Properties of Some Selected Soil under Mymensingh District in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Md. Tohidul Islam ◽  
Md. Serazul Islam ◽  
Md Nurul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Different Soils

This paper elucidated an attempt to determine the physical properties of some selected soils at different location under Mymensingh districts. The properties of soils were determined using standard methods. Field moisture content was more or less similar for all the locations. The dry unit weights of selected seven soils for Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Valuka, Muktagacha, Trisal, Madhupur, Chorkhai and Shomvoganj sites were found to be 17.61, 16.50, 17.00, 17.50, 15.50, 16.40 and 16.20 kN/m3, respectively while the specific gravities were found as 2.67, 2.66, 2.68, 2.70, 2.69, 2.72 and 2.65, respectively also the values of plastic limits of soils were found to be 16.00, 17.00, 15.50, 18.50, 16.00, 17.20 and 14.00 percent, respectively whereas the plasticity index values were 16.25, 14.50, 15.00, 17.00, 18.00, 13.60 and 15.50 percent, respectively for the above locations. The liquid and plastic limits varied for all the locations but the plasticity index values were found more or less similar for all the soil samples. The friction angles were found more or less similar while cohesion varied for different locations. The properties of soils thus obtained can be used for soils of these areas of Bangladesh. A relation between the gradations with plasticity indices of different soils was also characterized. Key words: Dry unit weights, plastic limits, plasticity index, shear stress and internal friction angle.

Experimental Study on Structural Properties Influencing on Shear Strength of Soft Clay

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 2487-2490
Author(s):  
Jiang Feng Wang ◽  
Yong Le Li ◽  
Yan Bin Gao ◽  
Yong Xiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Direct Shear Tests ◽  
Reconstituted Soil

The direct shear tests were conducted with undisturbed and reconstituted soft clay, then the structural influence on shear strength was studied, and the laws were got. No matter shear strength of slow shear or consolidated quick shear on undisturbed and reconstituted soil have not peak values, strength line of reconstituted soil is a slash, but the shear strength line of undisturbed soil is obviously a broken line. The internal friction angle of undisturbed and reconstituted soil is basically the same. There are good linear relationship between internal friction angle and plastic index of clayey soil. The amplitude of internal friction angle of reconstituted soil decreasing with plastic index increasing is less than that of undisturbed soil. From wf-lgp curve can be seen, with the increasing of vertical stress, water content of shear failure decrease gradually, and linear correlation of each curve is very good.

scholarly journals Geological, Geomechanical and Geochemical Analysis on Claystone Of The Warukin Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supandi Supandi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Data Result

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of Warukin claystone by carrying out 3G approach (geology – geomechanics and geochemistry). The aim of this is to provide the latest information on characteristics of Warukin claystone which may later be used for various purposes. Results of the study showed that the provenance of Warukin claystone was from recycled orogen. This was corroborated by the geochemical data which stated that the claystone was composed by clay-sized quartz minerals. Clay-sized quartz minerals indicate that there has been a long process of transport and weathering of the quartz minerals that have high resistance according to the Goldich series, until they become clay-sized. This finding has changed the paradigm so far that says that the Warukin claystone is composed of clay minerals, which is actually composed of clay-sized quartz minerals. The other geochemical data result is the absence of minerals from volcanic rocks that appear at the beginning of the Bowen series, which have fragile property. As a result of the recycled process, the fragile minerals were not found in claystone of the Warukin Formation. Mg is the fragile element that was not found and the mineral is an element binding in montmorillonite, so the presence of the montmorillonite in claystone of the Warukin Formation was also not found. Geomechanical data result shows that Warukin claystone had strength of around 100 kPa with internal friction angle of about 14° and cohesion of about 29 kPa. The results of 3G analysis had provided new answers that claystone of the Warukin Formations is composed by clay-sized quartz and the existence of montmorillonite is unlikely to be found in the Warukin Formation. Both of these corroborate the analysis that claystone of the Warukin Formation is from recycled orogen.

scholarly journals Influences of Curing Environment on Strength Performances of Shanghai Clayey Soil Reinforced with Palm Fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jili Qu ◽  
Kun Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Palm Fiber

Owing to its environment-friendly, economically available, and sustainable property, the palm fiber was attempted to improve the quality of Shanghai clayey soil together with lime. The direct shear tests (DST), ultrasonic pulse velocity tests (UPV), and the unconfined compressive tests (UCT) have been carried out on soils mixed with palm fiber and lime under 3 curing conditions of immersion in water, cyclic wetting-drying, and air curing at a series of contents of additives. The corresponding indexes of shear strength (τ), cohesion (c), internal friction angle (φ), initial shear modulus (G0), and unconfined compressive strength (qu) were obtained and analyzed. Results show that immersed-in-water environment is optimum for the formation of shear strength, initial shear modulus, cohesion, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS), while the air curing condition is the worst for admixture treated soil. Lime can increase G0, but palm fiber can slightly reduce G0. Lime has significant effect on increase of internal friction angle; on the contrary, palm fiber has only limited effect. c/G0 for any type of sample remains almost constant under different curing conditions. It demonstrates that c and G0 possess the comparative development trend under different curing environment.

scholarly journals SOIL SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETER ANALYSIS BASED ON BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE CASE

UKaRsT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Dyah Wahyu Apriani ◽  
Umar Mustofa ◽  
Rachmad Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Shear Strength ◽  
Reverse Analysis

Slope failure is a complex event. It can provide useful information about the condition of soil parameters on the failed slope in the same way it can provide an opportunity to evaluate the stability of other slopes. To evaluate the occurence of slope failure, unit weight data and shear strength properties of soil are needed, as well as methods of analysis including failure mechanisms. One of the methods used to evaluate landslide events is reverse analysis. In this study, reverse analysis was carried out on landslides that occurred on the slopes of D-D 'and F-F' at the Integrated Campus Building of the Institut Teknologi Kalimantan. The finite element method is used to analyze the safety number of the slopes under review. From the results of the reverse analysis, it was obtained that the soil parameters at the time of collapse in the top layer resulted in the value of unit weight (γ) = 20 kN / m2, Cohesion (c) = 2 kPa and Internal friction angle (φ) = 27 ° . Slope failure occured due to an increase in soil volume weight value, as well as a decrease in soil shear strength parameters, namely cohesion and internal friction angle.

JESSOP G.34

Alloy Digest ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Creep Fatigue ◽  
G 34 ◽  
Cobalt Base ◽  
Very High

Abstract JESSOP G.34 is a cobalt-base casting alloy recommended for use where very high resistance to creep, fatigue, and thermal shock is necessary. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Co-12. Producer or source: Wm. Jessop & Sons Ltd.

scholarly journals Influence of vetiver root on strength of expansive soil-experimental study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244818
Author(s):  
Gui-yao Wang ◽  
Yong-gang Huang ◽  
Run-fa Li ◽  
Jing-mei Chang ◽  
Jin-liang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Root System ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Shear Strength Parameters ◽  
Strength Parameters

Grassroots have received more attention than the traditional method as soil reinforcement materials, especially the use of vetiver and other vegetation protection methods to treat expansive soil slope, have been tried and applied. To study the influence of grassroots on the strength properties of expansive soil, the laws of vetiver root growth over time and its vertical distribution of root content(δ) were firstly investigated by the experiment of planting vetiver. Then different δ and depth of planted soil were obtained. Simultaneously different δ and water content(ω) of grafted soil were made. With the direct shear test, the shear strength parameters of root-soil with different δ were analyzed. The shear test on root-soil composites with different δ was carried out to compare the strength characteristics of planted and grafted soil. The results showed that the δ of vetiver decreased with the increase of depth, and the δ of each layer increased with the growth period. The δ of 180d was 70.5% higher than that of 90d. The cohesion(c) of root-soil can be increased by more than 97%, and internal friction angle(φ) can be increased by more than 15.4% after 180 days. The c of 90 d vetiver root system can be increased by more than 18%, and the φ can be increased by more than 1.5%. At each depth, the c and φ of composite soil increases with the increase of δ, and the increment of cohesion (Δc) and the increment of internal friction angle (Δφ) increase with the increment of δ. But the increase in the ω will weaken the shear strength parameters of root-soil. Under the condition of the planted root system and grafted root system, the influence degree of δ on strength parameter of root-soil is different, and the law of strength parameters versus δ of grafted soil of 365d is similar to that of planted soil of 90d. And the root reinforcement of grafted soil is weaker than planted soil. Hence the grafted soil can´t accurately reflect the root-soil interaction of the existing root system.

ALCOA 6061 COLD FINISHED BAR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Wire Rod ◽  
Good Workability

Abstract Alcoa 6061 alloy has excellent joining characteristics and good acceptance of applied coatings. It combines relatively high strength, good workability, and high resistance to corrosion. The alloy is widely available. The T8 and T9 tempers offer better chipping characteristics than the T6 temper. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as machining and surface treatment. Filing Code: AL-349. Producer or source: ALCOA Wire, Rod & Bar Division.

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