AN ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS NANOADDITIVES AND TRIBO-CORROSION WITH WASTE COOKING BIODIESEL FUELED IN A DIESEL ENGINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogaraj D ◽  
Jaichandar S
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Flash Temperature ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Temperature Parameter

The waste cooking biodiesel's steady-state coefficient of friction rate of fuel blends are B90 (18.2%), B60 (7.2%), B20 (16.72%), B10 (30.8%), and diesel (38.77%) higher compared with B40 fuel blend and wear scar diameter of the fuel blends from B40 to B100 had a minimal range of 0.5mm. The flash temperature parameter results higher from B40 to B100 fuel blends, and the corrosion rate was minimal for B40 and B50 fuel blends. Afterward, the fuel blend B40 (40% WCO+60% Diesel fuel) was chosen as fuel, along with Cerium (25ppm), Zinc (25ppm), and Titanium nanoparticles (25ppm) were selected as fuel additives. The B40+D60+Titanium (25ppm) blend resulted in improved BTE and 3.83% lowered BSEC comparison with diesel fuel. Then the fuel blend, B40+D80+Titanium (25ppm), resulted in 2.08% reduced HC, 36.36% CO, and 16.25% smoke emissions, along with marginally 8.5% higher NOx emissions comparison with diesel fuel. Also, the fuel blend, B40+D80+Titanium (25ppm) combustions characteristics are the equivalent trend of cylinder pressure (58.82 bar) and HRR (66.65 J/deg CA) related to diesel fuel at peak load.

Effect of compression ratio variation and waste cooking oil methyl ester on the combustion and emission characteristics of an engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1257-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Hojati ◽  
Alireza Shirneshan
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Fuel Blends

In this research, a thermodynamic zero-dimensional model has been done to predict performance characteristics (in-cylinder pressure, heat released, and the thermal efficiency) of a diesel engine with the use of biodiesel–diesel fuel blends (B0, B20, B50, B80, and B100) at different compression ratios (14, 15, 16, 17, and 18). The corresponding mathematical and thermodynamic relationships have been solved in MATLAB. Based on the experimental tests, it was found that the developed model can predict the engine variables sufficiently. According to the results, the heat release rate and the cylinder pressure increased for all fuel blends by an increase in the compression ratio. Moreover, with the increasing biodiesel amount in the fuel blend (up to 50%) heat release rate and the cylinder pressure increased but these variables have a reduction when biodiesel percentage increases from 50 to 100 due to the lower heating value of waste cooking oil methyl ester in comparison with neat diesel fuel. Moreover, according to the experimental tests, carbon monoxide emission was reduced when biodiesel proportion increased in the fuel blend but the nitrogen oxides emitted from the engine enhanced when biodiesel amount in the fuel mixture increased. According to the results, it can be concluded that B50 has better combustion characteristics among all fuel blends.

scholarly journals Tribological study of high-pressure fuel pump operating with ethanol-diesel fuel blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Gvidonas LABECKAS ◽  
Stasys SLAVINSKAS ◽  
Tomas MICKEVIČIUS ◽  
Raimondas KREIVAITIS
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Pump ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
Fuel Blends

This paper presents comparative experimental study’s results of ethanol-diesel fuel blends made effects on operational properties of a high-pressure fuel pump of a common rail injection system. The two identical fuel injection systems mounted on a test bed of the fuel injection pumps were prepared for the experimental durability tests. The lubricity properties of ethanol-diesel fuel blends E10 and E20 blends were studied using a four-ball tribometer. The test results showed that long-term (about 100 hours) using of ethanol-diesel blends produced a negative effect on the durability of the high-pressure fuel pump. Due to the wear of plunger-barrel units the decrease in the fuel delivery rate occurred of about 39% after the 100 h of continuous operation with ethanol-diesel fuel blends. The average friction coefficients of ethanol-diesel fuel blend E10 was lower than that of the normal diesel fuel. After the 100 hours of operation with ethanoldiesel fuel blend E10, the measured wear scar diameter was 10% higher than that of a fossil diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Tribochemistry and EP Activity Assessment of Mo-S Complexes in Lithium-Base Greases

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarunendr Singh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Flash Temperature ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Ball Test ◽  
Base Grease

The blends of bis(1,5-diaryl-2,4-dithiomalonamido)dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes in lithium-base grease are evaluated for their extreme pressure activity in a “four-ball test” using 12.7 mm diameter alloy steel ball specimen. The additive, bis(1,5-di-p-methoxyphenyl-2,4-dithiomalonamido)dioxomolybdenum(VI) and bis(1,5-di-p-chloro-phenyl-2,4-dithiomalonamido)dioxomolybdenum(VI) exhibited lower values of wear-scar diameter at higher load and higher values of weld load, flash temperature parameter, and pressure wear index as compared with lithium-base grease without additives. The greases fortified with the developed additives prevent rusting and corrosion of bearings while grease containing no additives did not pass these tests as per the standard tests. These greases have also better oxidation protection as compared to the grease that has no additive. The topography and tribochemistry of the wear-scar surface are carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy techniques, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of blends of diesel and renewable fuels on CI engine emissions over transient engine conditions.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriaan Smuts Van Niekerk ◽  
Benjamin Drew ◽  
Neil Larsen ◽  
Peter Kay
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Ci Engine

To reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released from transportation the EU has implemented legislation to mandate the renewable content of petrol and diesel fuels. However, due to the complexity of the combustion process the addition of renewable content, such as biodiesel and ethanol, can have a detrimental effect on other engine emissions. In particular the engine load can have a significant impact on the emissions. Most research that have studied this issue are based on steady state tests, that are unrealistic of real world driving and will not capture the difference between full and part loads. This study aims to address this by investigating the effect of renewable fuel blends of diesel, biodiesel and ethanol on the emissions of a compression ignition engine tested over the World Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP). Diesel, biodiesel and ethanol were blended to form binary and ternary blends, the ratios were determined by Design of Experiments (DoE). The total amount of emissions for CO, CO2 and NOx as well as the fuel consumption, were measured from a 2.4 liter compression ignition (CI) engine running over the WLTP drive cycle. The results depicted that percentages smaller than 10 % of ethanol in the fuel blend can reduce CO emissions, CO2 emissions as well as NOx emissions, but increases fuel consumption with increasing percentage of ethanol in the fuel blend. Blends with biodiesel resulted in minor increases in CO emissions due to the engine being operated in the low and medium load regions over the WLTP. CO2 emissions as well as NOx emissions increased as a result of the high oxygen content in biodiesel which promoted better combustion. Fuel consumption increased for blends with biodiesel as a result from biodiesel's lower heating value. All the statistical models describing the engine responses were significant and this demonstrated that a mixture DoE is suitable to quantify the effect of fuel blends on an engine's emissions response. An optimised ternary blend of B2E9 was found to be suitable as a 'drop in' fuel that will reduce harmful emissions of CO emissions by approximately 34 %, NOx emissions by 10 % and CO2 emissions by 21 % for transient engine operating scenarios such as the WLTP drive cycle.

scholarly journals Influence of Fuel Injection Pressure on the Emissions Characteristics and Engine Performance in a CRDI Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Biodiesel Blends

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Ki Yoon ◽  
Jun Cong Ge ◽  
Nag Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Fuel Injection Pressure

This experiment investigates the combustion and emissions characteristics of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine using various blends of pure diesel fuel and palm biodiesel. Fuel injection pressures of 45 and 65 MPa were investigated under engine loads of 50 and 100 Nm. The fuels studied herein were pure diesel fuel 100 vol.% with 0 vol.% of palm biodiesel (PBD0), pure diesel fuel 80 vol.% blended with 20 vol.% of palm biodiesel (PBD20), and pure diesel fuel 50 vol.% blended with 50 vol.% of palm biodiesel (PBD50). As the fuel injection pressure increased from 45 to 65 MPa under all engine loads, the combustion pressure and heat release rate also increased. The indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) increased with an increase of the fuel injection pressure. In addition, for 50 Nm of the engine load, an increase to the fuel injection pressure resulted in a reduction of the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by an average of 2.43%. In comparison, for an engine load of 100 Nm, an increase in the fuel injection pressure decreased BSFC by an average of 0.8%. Hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) decreased as fuel pressure increased, independent of the engine load. Increasing fuel injection pressure for 50 Nm engine load using PBD0, PBD20 and PBD50 decreased carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. When the fuel injection pressure was increased from 45 MPa to 65 MPa, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions were increased for both engine loads. For a given fuel injection pressure, NOx emissions increased slightly as the biodiesel content in the fuel blend increased.

The Effect of Mahua (Madhuca Longfolia) Oil With Dioxane Fuel Blends on Diesel Engine and Studies on Combustion and Emission Characteristics

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ashok ◽  
N. Alagumurthi ◽  
C. G. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Mahua Oil ◽  
Di Diesel Engine

An organic compound, Dioxane, is blended to reduce the viscosity of raw vegetable oil (Mahua). A dilute blend was prepared by mixing with raw vegetable oil (Mahua) and 10% dioxane in volume basis. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder, water cooled, DI diesel engine coupled with the eddy current dynamometer. Emissions like HC, NOX, etc., were measured by using gas analyzer and smoke density was measured by using smoke meter. The cylinder pressure, heat release rate were measured by combustion analyzer. From the experimental investigation, it was observed that operating at a blend ratio of 10% diesel-80% mahua oil-10% Dioxane significantly reduced the HC and NOx emissions when compared to diesel fuel. It was also observed, the variation of break thermal efficiency is almost same to that of diesel fuel. Hence, it can be concluded that raw vegetable oil (mahua) with Dioxane blend could partially replace the diesel, as a fuel.

Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance and Reducing Emissions Using Binary Biodiesel Fuel Blend

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramvir Singh ◽  
S. R. Chauhan ◽  
Varun Goel ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Fuel Mixing ◽  
Ci Engines

Fossil fuel consumption provides a negative impact on the human health and environment in parallel with the decreased availability of this valuable natural resource for the future generations to use as a source of chemical energy for all applications in energy, power, and propulsion. The diesel fuel consumption in the transport sector is higher than the gasoline in most developing countries for reasons of cost and economy. Biodiesel fuel offers a good replacement for diesel fuel in compression ignition (CI) diesel engines. Earlier investigations by the authors revealed that a blend of 70% amla seed oil biodiesel and 30% eucalyptus oil (AB70EU30) is the favorable alternative renewable fuel blend that can be used as a fuel in diesel engines. With any fuel, air/fuel mixing and mixture preparation impact efficiency, emissions, and performance in CI engines. Minor adjustments in engine parameters to improve air/fuel mixing and combustion are deployable approaches to achieve good performance with alternative fuel blends in CI engines. This paper provides the role of a minor modification to engine parameters (compression ratio, injection timing, and injection pressure) on improved performance using the above mixture of binary fuel blends (AB70EU30). The results showed that the use of AB70EU30 in modified engine resulted in higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to normal diesel for improved combustion that also resulted in very low tailpipe emissions.

scholarly journals Investigation on Blending Effects of Gasoline Fuel with N-Butanol, DMF, and Ethanol on the Fuel Consumption and Harmful Emissions in a GDI Vehicle

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Xichang Wang ◽  
Diping Zhang ◽  
Fang Dong ◽  
Xinlu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxygenated Fuel

The effects of three kinds of oxygenated fuel blends—i.e., ethanol-gasoline, n-butanol-gasoline, and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF)-gasoline-on fuel consumption, emissions, and acceleration performance were investigated in a passenger car with a chassis dynamometer. The engine mounted in the vehicle was a four-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharging gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine with a displacement of 1.395 L. The test fuels include ethanol-gasoline, n-butanol-gasoline, and DMF-gasoline with four blending ratios of 20%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, and pure gasoline was also tested for comparison. The original contribution of this article is to systemically study the steady-state, transient-state, cold-start, and acceleration performance of the tested fuels under a wide range of blending ratios, especially at high blending ratios. It provides new insight and knowledge of the emission alleviation technique in terms of tailoring the biofuels in GDI turbocharged engines. The results of our works showed that operation with ethanol–gasoline, n-butanol–gasoline, and DMF–gasoline at high blending ratios could be realized in the GDI vehicle without any modification to its engine and the control system at the steady state. At steady-state operation, as compared with pure gasoline, the results indicated that blending n-butanol could reduce CO2, CO, total hydrocarbon (THC), and NOX emissions, which were also decreased by employing a higher blending ratio of n-butanol. However, a high fraction of n-butanol increased the volumetric fuel consumption, and so did the DMF–gasoline and ethanol–gasoline blends. A large fraction of DMF reduced THC emissions, but increased CO2 and NOX emissions. Blending n-butanol can improve the equivalent fuel consumption. Moreover, the particle number (PN) emissions were significantly decreased when using the high blending ratios of the three kinds of oxygenated fuels. According to the results of the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) cycle, blending 20% of n-butanol with gasoline decreased CO2 emissions by 5.7% compared with pure gasoline and simultaneously reduced CO, THC, NOX emissions, while blending ethanol only reduced NOX emissions. PN and particulate matter (PM) emissions decreased significantly in all stages of the NEDC cycle with the oxygenated fuel blends; the highest reduction ratio in PN was 72.87% upon blending 20% ethanol at the NEDC cycle. The high proportion of n-butanol and DMF improved the acceleration performance of the vehicle.

Exhaust Emissions of an Off-Road Diesel Engine Driven With a Blend of Diesel Fuel and Mustard Seed Oil

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo A. Niemi ◽  
Juha M. Tyrva¨inen ◽  
Mika J. Laure´n ◽  
Va¨ino¨ O. K. Laiho
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Full Load

In the near future, crude oil based fuels must little by little be replaced by biofuels both in the region of the European Union (EU) and in the United States. Bearing this in mind, a Finnish-made off-road diesel engine was tested with a biofuel-diesel fuel blend in the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Laboratory of Turku Polytechnic, Finland. The biofuel was cold-pressed mustard seed oil (MSO). The engine operation, performance and exhaust emissions were investigated using a blend of 30 mass-% MSO and 70 mass-% diesel fuel oil (DFO). The injection timing of the engine was retarded considerably in order to reduce NOx emissions drastically. The main target was then to find out, whether the blended oxygen containing MSO would speed up the combustion so that the particulate matter (PM) emissions would remain unchanged or even decrease despite the injection retardation. As secondary tasks of the study, the NOx readings of the CLD and FTIR analyzers were compared, and exhaust contents of unregulated compounds were determined. Retarding the injection timing resulted in a significant decrease of NOx emissions, but in an increase in smoke, as expected. At retarded timing, the NOx emissions remained almost unchanged, but the amount of smoke decreased when the engine was run with the fuel blend instead of DFO. At retarded timing at rated speed, the number of ultra-fine particles decreased, but the amount of large particles increased with DFO at full load. At 10% load, however, the particle number increased in the entire particle size range due to retardation. At both loads, the use of the fuel blend slightly reduced larger particles, whereas the number of small particles somewhat increased. At full load at an intermediate speed of 1500 rpm, the PM results were very similar to those obtained at rated speed. At 10% load with DFO, however, the injection retardation led to a higher number of larger particles, the smaller particles being at almost an unchanged level. With the fuel blend, the particle number was now higher within almost the whole particle diameter range than with DFO. Considerably higher NO2 contents were usually detected with FTIR than with CLD. The shape of the NOx result curves were rather similar independent of which one of the analyzers was used for measurements. The NOx contents were, however, generally some ten ppms higher with FTIR. The exhaust contents of unregulated compounds were usually low.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Using Vegetable Oil Blended Fuel

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaodong Wang ◽  
Neil Hewitt ◽  
Philip Eames ◽  
Shengchuo Zeng ◽  
Jincheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Co Emission

Experimental tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine when fuelled by blends of 25% vegetable oil with 75% diesel fuel, 50% vegetable oil with 50% diesel fuel, 75% vegetable oil with 25% diesel fuel, and 100% vegetable oil, compared with the performance, emissions characteristics of 100% diesel fuel. The series of tests were conducted and repeated six times using each of the test fuels. 100% of ordinary diesel fuel was also used for comparison purposes. The engine worked at a fixed speed of 1500 r/min, but at different loads respectively, i.e. 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the engine load. The performance and the emission characteristics of exhaust gases of the engine were compared and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the carbon monoxide (CO) emission from the vegetable oil and vegetable oil/diesel fuel blends were nearly all higher than that from pure diesel fuel at the engine 0% load to 75% load. Only at the 100% engine load point, the CO emission of vegetable oil and vegetable oil/diesel fuel blends was lower than that of diesel fuel. The hydrocarbon (HC) emission of vegetable oil and vegetable/diesel fuel blends were lower than that of diesel fuel, except that 50% of vegetable oil and 50% diesel fuel blend was a little higher than that of diesel fuel. The oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission of vegetable oil and vegetable oil/diesel fuel blends, at the range of tests, were lower than that of diesel fuel.

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