THE GAS HYDRATE OF BROMOCHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Glew
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Saturation Pressure ◽  
Stoichiometric Compound ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Systematic Treatment ◽  
Hydrate Saturation ◽  
Thermodynamic Equations

An experimental study has been made of the saturation pressure – temperature lines of liquid bromochlorodifluoromethane, liquid bromochlorodiflucromethane – water, bromochlorodifluoromethane hydrate – water, and bromochlorodifluoromethane hydrate – ice systems, for which the characteristic equations are given. Two quadruple points for the hydrate systems have been located and solubilities of water in bromochlorodifluoromethane and bromochlorodifluoromethane in water determined. A systematic treatment of gas hydrate saturation pressure data to yield thermodynamic equations is indicated, and the thermodynamic functions for bromochlorodifluoromethane hydrate and its phase reactions are tabulated. Bromochlorodifluoromethane hydrate is shown to be a stoichiometric compound, and its thermodynamic functions are considered in relation to those of other gas hydrates.

Experimental Study on Dynamic Elastic Properties of Gas Hydrate Bearing Sediments

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 1396-1399
Author(s):  
Ling Dong Li ◽  
Yuan Fang Cheng ◽  
Xiao Jie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Hydrate Saturation ◽  
Hydrate Bearing Sediments

As a kind of emerging energy with massive reserves, natural gas hydrates are becoming the hot spot of global research. The elastic properties of gas hydrate bearing sediments (HBS) are the fundamental parameters for gas hydrates exploration and resource evaluations. As the original coring in HBS is difficult and expensive, experimental method is important to study the problem. An acoustic wave in-situ measuring system for HBS was developed. Using the in-situ method, hydrate bearing rock samples of different hydrate saturation were synthesized, of which the supersonic wave measurement was carried out under different confining pressure. According to the elasticity theory, the dynamic elastic parameters were obtained using the measured ultrasonic wave velocity. The results show that compressional and shear waves increase with the confining pressure and hydrate saturation increasing, and so the dynamic elastic modulus is.

Soaking effects on CH4-CO2 replacement efficiency in gas hydrates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongwon Jung ◽  
Jaeeun Ryou ◽  
Joo Yong Lee ◽  
Riyadh I AI-Raoush ◽  
Khalid Alshibli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Injection Method ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
Replacement Method ◽  
Hydrate Saturation

<p>Gas hydrates are potential energy resources which can be formed at low temperature and high pressure. The number of recoverable gas hydrates are limited due to the specific temperature, pressure conditions and technical limitations of gas production. Various production methods have been studied around the world to overcome these technical limitations. Gas production methods from gas hydrates are divided into methods of dissociating gas hydrates and non-dissociating gas hydrates. The dissociation methods including depressurization method, thermal injection method, and chemical inhibitor injection method can decrease in effective stress of the ground due to phase conversion. On the other hand, CH<sub>4</sub>-CO<sub>2 </sub>replacement method is geomechanically stable because it does not dissociate gas hydrates. Also, CH<sub>4</sub>-CO<sub>2 </sub>replacement method has the advantage of sequestering carbon dioxide while producing methane. However, CH<sub>4</sub>-CO<sub>2</sub> replacement method has the disadvantage such as low production efficiency and understanding kinetics of gas production. In this study, soaking, gas permeability of gas hydrate layer and hydrate saturation are considered in order to promote the production efficiency of CH<sub>4</sub>-CO<sub>2</sub> replacement method. Results show that production efficiency increases with the number of soaking process, the higher gas permeability and hydrate saturation. According to the experimental results in this study, the production efficiency can be increased by considering the soaking time, procedure and selecting the proper gas hydrates site.</p><p>Acknowledgement</p><p>This work is supported by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement(KAIA) grant funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Grant 20CTAP-C152100-02). Also, it is supported by partial funding from NPRP grant # NPRP8-594-2-244 from the Qatar national research fund (a member of Qatar Foundation) and  the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE) through the Project “Gas Hydrate Exploration and Production Study (20-1143)” under the management of the Gas Hydrate Research and Development Organization (GHDO) of Korea and the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM).</p>

Mechanism of Frequency Conversion Vibration Stimulating Exploiting Technology with Marine Gas Hydrate and its Numerical Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Zhen Guo Zhang ◽  
Lian Feng Gao ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Guo Yuan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Stable State ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Replacement Method ◽  
Marine Gas Hydrate ◽  
Hydrate Saturation

Gas hydrate is a new energy in the 21st century with the characteristics of high energy density, huge amount of resources and cleaning. It has important significances for resources development, environmental protection and global climate changing. Due to the limitations of the occurrence mode and the technical level of marine gas hydrates, at present, the development and utilization of the resources are still tentative. This article analyzed and evaluated several key technologies to develop marine gas hydrates, that is depressurization, thermal methods, chemical injection method, CO2 replacement method, and fluorine gas+microwave method. However, these methods are difficult to control in the mining process. The research based on the properties of the occurrence of marine gas hydrate, used the principle of gas hydrate decomposition caused by vibration, by adjusting the excitation intensity, frequency, and amplitude. Different local oscillator strength applied on the Occurrence of gas hydrate layer. Gas hydrate stable state changed in mining region, prompting the gas hydrate conversing from solid to gas. Numerical simulations show: Low-frequency vibration should be used in the layers with higher hydrate saturation. The vibration frequency should be improved in the layers with lower hydrate saturation. The method has a good controllability for the region and the process of mining, avoiding geological disasters and environmental issues in the seabed caused by the mining process losing control.

scholarly journals Evolution of gas hydrates accumulation in zones of submarine mud volcanoes

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
A. L. Sobisevich ◽  
E. I. Suetnova ◽  
R. A. Zhostkov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Feeder Layer ◽  
Mud Volcanoes ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Hydrate Saturation

The article examines the processes of evolution of gas hydrate accumulations, related to submarine mud volcanoes. A mathematical model and the results of numerical modeling of the accumulation of gas hydrates in the seabed in the deep structures of underwater mud volcanoes are presented. Numerical analysis of the influence held feeder layer depth and pressure therein to the evolution of gas hydrate saturation confined to deep water mud volcanoes were performed. Modeling quantitatively showed that hydrate saturation in areas of underwater mud volcanoes is not constant and its evolution depends on the geophysical properties of the bottom medium (temperature gradient, porosity, permeability, physical properties of sediments) and the depth of the supply reservoir and pressure in it, and the rate of hydrate accumulation in tens and hundreds times the rate of hydrate accumulation in the sedimentary basins of passive continental margin.

scholarly journals Evolution of gas hydrates accumulation in zones of submarine mud volcanoes

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Sobisevich ◽  
E. I. Suetnova ◽  
R. A. Zhostkov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Feeder Layer ◽  
Mud Volcanoes ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Hydrate Saturation

The article examines the processes of evolution of gas hydrate accumulations, related to submarine mud volcanoes. A mathematical model and the results of numerical modeling of the accumulation of gas hydrates in the seabed in the deep structures of underwater mud volcanoes are presented. Numerical analysis of the influence held feeder layer depth and pressure therein to the evolution of gas hydrate saturation confined to deep water mud volcanoes were performed. Modeling quantitatively showed that hydrate saturation in areas of underwater mud volcanoes is not constant and its evolution depends on the geophysical properties of the bottom medium (temperature gradient, porosity, permeability, physical properties of sediments) and the depth of the supply reservoir and pressure in it, and the rate of hydrate accumulation in tens and hundreds times the rate of hydrate accumulation in the sedimentary basins of passive continental margin.

Numerical Analysis of the Behavior of Gas Hydrate Layers After Cementing Operations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukru Merey ◽  
Tuna Eren ◽  
Can Polat
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Heat Of Hydration ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Hydrate Saturation ◽  
Gas Channeling ◽  
Heat Released

Abstract Since the 2000s, the number of gas hydrate wells (i.e., exploration wells, production test wells) has increased. Moreover, in the marine environment, gas hydrate zones are drilled in conventional hydrocarbon wells. Different than conventional hydrocarbon wells, the heat released with cement hydration cannot be ignored because gas hydrates are heat sensitive. In this study, by analyzing different cement compositions (conventional cement compositions and novel low-heat of hydration cement), it is aimed to investigate the effect of the heat of cement hydration on gas hydrate zones near the wellbore. For this purpose, numerical simulations with TOUGH+HYDRATE simulator were conducted in the conditions of the Nankai Trough gas hydrates. According to the numerical simulations in this study, if the increase in temperature in the cemented layer is above 30°C, significant gas hydrate dissociation occurs, and free gas evolved in the porous media. This might cause gas channeling and poor cement bond. The heat released with cement hydration generally affects the interval between the cemented layer and 0.25 m away from the cemented layer. Within a few days after cementing, pressure, temperature, gas hydrate saturation, and gas saturation returned to almost their original values.

GAS HYDRATE SATURATION ESTIMATED FROM ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE IN THE ANDAMAN SEA, INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Xiujuan WANG ◽  
Jiliang WANG ◽  
Wei LI ◽  
Nittala Satyavani ◽  
Kalachand Sain
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Hydrate Saturation

Thermodynamic Modelling of Gas Hydrate Formation in the Presence of Inhibitors and the Consideration of their Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Peyman Sabzi ◽  
Saheb Noroozi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Flow Lines ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Efficient Inhibitor ◽  
System A ◽  
Gas Hydrate Formation

Gas hydrates formation is considered as one the greatest obstacles in gas transportation systems. Problems related to gas hydrate formation is more severe when dealing with transportation at low temperatures of deep water. In order to avoid formation of Gas hydrates, different inhibitors are used. Methanol is one of the most common and economically efficient inhibitor. Adding methanol to the flow lines, changes the thermodynamic equilibrium situation of the system. In order to predict these changes in thermodynamic behavior of the system, a series of modelings are performed using Matlab software in this paper. The main approach in this modeling is on the basis of Van der Waals and Plateau's thermodynamic approach. The obtained results of a system containing water, Methane and Methanol showed that hydrate formation pressure increases due to the increase of inhibitor amount in constant temperature and this increase is more in higher temperatures. Furthermore, these results were in harmony with the available empirical data.Keywords: Gas hydrates, thermodynamic inhibitor, modelling, pipeline blockage

scholarly journals Wave Propagation Characteristics in Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments and Estimation of Hydrate Saturation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Xiumei Zhang ◽  
Xiuming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Compressional Wave ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Well Log ◽  
Log Data ◽  
Phase Velocities ◽  
Hydrate Saturation ◽  
Hydrate Bearing Sediments

Natural gas hydrate is a new clean energy source in the 21st century, which has become a research point of the exploration and development technology. Acoustic well logs are one of the most important assets in gas hydrate studies. In this paper, an improved Carcione–Leclaire model is proposed by introducing the expressions of frame bulk modulus, shear modulus and friction coefficient between solid phases. On this basis, the sensitivities of the velocities and attenuations of the first kind of compressional (P1) and shear (S1) waves to relevant physical parameters are explored. In particular, we perform numerical modeling to investigate the effects of frequency, gas hydrate saturation and clay on the phase velocities and attenuations of the above five waves. The analyses demonstrate that, the velocities and attenuations of P1 and S1 are more sensitive to gas hydrate saturation than other parameters. The larger the gas hydrate saturation, the more reliable P1 velocity. Besides, the attenuations of P1 and S1 are more sensitive than velocity to gas hydrate saturation. Further, P1 and S1 are almost nondispersive while their phase velocities increase with the increase of gas hydrate saturation. The second compressional (P2) and shear (S2) waves and the third kind of compressional wave (P3) are dispersive in the seismic band, and the attenuations of them are significant. Moreover, in the case of clay in the solid grain frame, gas hydrate-bearing sediments exhibit lower P1 and S1 velocities. Clay decreases the attenuation of P1, and the attenuations of S1, P2, S2 and P3 exhibit little effect on clay content. We compared the velocity of P1 predicted by the model with the well log data from the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 164 Site 995B to verify the applicability of the model. The results of the model agree well with the well log data. Finally, we estimate the hydrate layer at ODP Leg 204 Site 1247B is about 100–130 m below the seafloor, the saturation is between 0–27%, and the average saturation is 7.2%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document