Evaluation of the role of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems in the radiation resistance of Deinococcus

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindranath Shashidhar ◽  
Sanjukta A. Kumar ◽  
Hari S. Misra ◽  
Jayant R. Bandekar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolites ◽  
Radiation Resistant

Antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant metabolites appear to have different roles in the oxidative stress resistance responses of radiation-resistant bacteria belonging to the Deinococcus – Thermus group. Twelve distinct strains belonging to 7 Deinococcus species were characterized for their responses to hydrogen peroxide, ciprofloxacin, and ionizing radiation. The levels of catalase and peroxidase activities in these strains showed a positive correlation with resistance to hydrogen peroxide and ciprofloxacin. However, the levels of these enzymes and carotenoids did not appear to contribute significantly to radiation resistance. Our findings support the idea that enzymatic defense systems are not sufficient to account for the extreme radiation resistance of Deinococcus species. Consistent with previously published reports, the Deinococcus strains had high intracellular manganese/iron ratios. No significant correlation was found between intracellular manganese/iron ratios and radiation resistance within different Deinococcus species, suggesting that other components are involved in conferring radiation resistance.

scholarly journals Glutathione and Catalase Provide Overlapping Defenses for Protection against Respiration-Generated Hydrogen Peroxide in Haemophilus influenzae

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (18) ◽  
pp. 5555-5562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorn Vergauwen ◽  
Frederik Pauwels ◽  
Jozef J. Van Beeumen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Aerobic Growth ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACT Glutathione is an abundant and ubiquitous low-molecular-weight thiol that may play a role in many cellular processes, including protection against the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. We address here the role of glutathione in protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Haemophilus influenzae and show that glutathione and catalase provide overlapping defense systems. H. influenzae is naturally glutathione deficient and imports glutathione from the growth medium. Mutant H. influenzae lacking catalase and cultured in glutathione-deficient minimal medium is completely devoid of H2O2 scavenging activity and, accordingly, substantial amounts of H2O2 accumulate in the growth medium. H. influenzae generates H2O2 at rates similar to those reported for Escherichia coli, but the toxicity of this harmful metabolite is averted by glutathione-based H2O2 removal, which appears to be the primary system for protection against H2O2 endogenously generated during aerobic respiration. When H2O2 concentrations exceed low micromolar levels, the hktE gene-encoded catalase becomes the predominant scavenger. The requirement for glutathione in protection against oxidative stress is analogous to that in higher and lower eukaryotes but is unlike the situation in other bacteria in which glutathione is dispensable for aerobic growth during both normal and oxidative stress conditions.

scholarly journals Role of rgsA in Oxidative Stress Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyi Hou ◽  
Jiaqin Zhang ◽  
Xiaobo Ma ◽  
Qiang Hong ◽  
Lili Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Oxidative Stress Resistance

scholarly journals Role of Superoxide Reductase FA796 in Oxidative Stress Resistance in Filifactor alocis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunima Mishra ◽  
Ezinne Aja ◽  
Hansel M Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Superoxide Reductase ◽  
Oxidative Stress Resistance ◽  
Filifactor Alocis

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Disease: From Physiological Response to Injury Factor

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella D’Oria ◽  
Rossella Schipani ◽  
Anna Leonardini ◽  
Annalisa Natalicchio ◽  
Sebastio Perrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Abnormalities ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical species containing oxygen, controlled by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. In the heart, ROS play an important role in cell homeostasis, by modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. Oxidative stress occurs when ROS production exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defense systems, leading to cellular and molecular abnormalities, ultimately resulting in cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the physiological sources of ROS in the heart, the mechanisms of oxidative stress-related myocardial injury, and the implications of experimental studies and clinical trials with antioxidant therapies in cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals S-Allyl Cysteine Alleviates Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Oxidative Injury and Apoptosis through Upregulation of Akt/Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in HepG2 Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Basu ◽  
Runa Sur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Viability Assay

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mediated oxidative stress leading to hepatocyte apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of several chronic liver diseases. This study demonstrates that S-allyl cysteine (SAC) renders cytoprotective effects on H2O2 induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Cell viability assay showed that SAC protected HepG2 cells from H2O2 induced cytotoxicity. Further, SAC treatment dose dependently inhibited H2O2 induced apoptosis via decreasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, restoring mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and inhibiting proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3. SAC protected cells from H2O2 induced oxidative damage by inhibiting reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The mechanism underlying the antiapoptotic and antioxidative role of SAC is the induction of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene in an NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) and Akt dependent manner. Specifically SAC was found to induce the phosphorylation of Akt and enhance the nuclear localization of Nrf-2 in cells. Our results were further confirmed by specific HO-1 gene knockdown studies which clearly demonstrated that HO-1 induction indeed played a key role in SAC mediated inhibition of apoptosis and ROS production in HepG2 cells, thus suggesting a hepatoprotective role of SAC in combating oxidative stress mediated liver diseases.

scholarly journals Role of AccMGST1 in oxidative stress resistance in Apis cerana cerana

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchun Zhao ◽  
Yuzhen Chao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Xinxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Apis Cerana Cerana ◽  
Oxidative Stress Resistance

scholarly journals Carotenoids: How Effective Are They to Prevent Age-Related Diseases?

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee Ling Tan ◽  
Mohd Esa Norhaizan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Potential Intervention ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Despite an increase in life expectancy that indicates positive human development, a new challenge is arising. Aging is positively associated with biological and cognitive degeneration, for instance cognitive decline, psychological impairment, and physical frailty. The elderly population is prone to oxidative stress due to the inefficiency of their endogenous antioxidant systems. As many studies showed an inverse relationship between carotenoids and age-related diseases (ARD) by reducing oxidative stress through interrupting the propagation of free radicals, carotenoid has been foreseen as a potential intervention for age-associated pathologies. Therefore, the role of carotenoids that counteract oxidative stress and promote healthy aging is worthy of further discussion. In this review, we discussed the underlying mechanisms of carotenoids involved in the prevention of ARD. Collectively, understanding the role of carotenoids in ARD would provide insights into a potential intervention that may affect the aging process, and subsequently promote healthy longevity.

scholarly journals Pineal Proteins Upregulate Specific Antioxidant Defense Systems in the Brain

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Bharti ◽  
R. S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
The Brain

The neuroendocrine functions of the pineal affect a wide variety of glandular and nervous system processes. Beside melatonin (MEL), the pineal gland secretes and expresses certain proteins essential for various physiological functions. It has been suggested that the pineal gland may also have an antioxidant role due to secretory product other than MEL. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins (PP) on the antioxidant defense system in the brain of female rats. The twenty-four rats were taken in present study and were divided into four groups: control (0 day), control (28 day), vehicle control and buffalo PP. The PP was injected 100 µg/kg BW intraperitoneal (i.p.) daily for 28 days. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the brain tissue were measured to assess the antioxidant systems. These enzymes protect from adverse effects of free radicals and help in amelioration of oxidative stress. Buffalo pineal proteins administration did not cause any effect on brain LPO, whereas GPx, GR and GSH were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. However, SOD and CAT activities were increased to significant levels than the control in PP treated rats. Our study herein suggested that buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins upregulates specific antioxidant defense systems and can be useful in control of various oxidative stress-induced neuronal diseases.

Effect of diallyldisulphide on an antioxidant enzyme system in Candida species

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snowber Yousuf ◽  
Aijaz Ahmad ◽  
Amber Khan ◽  
Nikhat Manzoor ◽  
Luqman Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolites ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

This study was carried out to show the effect of diallyldisulphide (DADS), an important organosulphur compound found in garlic ( Allium sativum ), on antioxidant systems in Candida species. Changes in antioxidant metabolites and antioxidant activity in the presence of DADS were found in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis . Candida cells were treated with sublethal concentrations of DADS. DADS caused a decrease in the activity of all antioxidant enzymes except catalase, resulting in oxidative stress and damaged cells. The amount of oxidative stress generated by DADS was found to be a function of its concentration. A significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities but an increase in catalase activity were observed. Increased levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of glutathione were observed in treated cells. Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased significantly following DADS treatment and could be correlated with a decrease in glutathione concentration in both Candida species. These results indicate that diallyl disulphide acts as a pro-oxidant to Candida species and hence may act as a potent antifungal in the management of candidiasis.

scholarly journals Cytoprotective role of vitamin E in porcine adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells against hydrogen-peroxide-induced oxidative stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 374 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazal Ur Rehman Bhatti ◽  
Song Ja Kim ◽  
Ae-Kyung Yi ◽  
Karen A. Hasty ◽  
Hongsik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin E
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