Ectomycorrhizal colonization and richness of previously colonized, containerized Picea engelmannii does not vary across clearcuts when planted in mechanically site-prepared mounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie D Jones ◽  
Shannon M Hagerman ◽  
M Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes ◽  
Native Fungi

The Sicamous Creek silviculture systems trial, which is located at a subalpine forest, comprises five replicated treatments. One-third of the timber volume was removed from 30-ha treatment units using cutblocks of 0.1, 1.0, or 10 ha or single-tree selection. Openings were mechanically site prepared by mounding and planted with nursery-grown containerized Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. seedlings. Seedlings were planted in mineral soil exposed by mounding in all four of the harvested treatments as well as in undisturbed soil in the uncut control treatment. Neither the overall ectomycorrhiza colonization nor the number of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes per seedling varied across the cutblocks or among cutblocks of different sizes. This is in contrast to earlier studies at this site that showed inoculum levels to be significantly higher at 2 m from the forest edge, within the rooting zone of forest trees. We hypothesize that the difference here is due either to (i) competition between native ectomycorrhizal fungi and the ectomycorrhizal fungi present on the spruce at planting or (ii) more homogeneous levels of inoculum in the mineral soil exposed by mounding. Fewer native fungi colonized these seedlings than the nonmycorrhizal seedlings from earlier studies, which had been planted between the mounds.

Ectomycorrhizal colonization of Picea engelmannii × Picea glauca seedlings planted across cut blocks of different sizes

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1856-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M Hagerman ◽  
Melanie D Jones ◽  
Gary E Bradfield ◽  
Stacey M Sakakibara
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Block Sizes ◽  
Overstory Trees

The purpose of this study, carried out at the Sicamous Creek Silvicultural Systems Trial located in the southern Interior of British Columbia, was to investigate the effects of cut block size and distance from the forest edge on patterns of ectomycorrhizal colonization and diversity at a subalpine forest. Non-mycorrhizal Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss seedlings were planted across cut blocks of three sizes (0.1, 1.0, and 10 ha) and in the uncut forest. In 1996 and 1997, seedlings were harvested after 13 weeks and examined for mycorrhizae. In 1996, diversity and richness of ectomycorrhizal types were significantly greater at forest plots and at plots located 2 m from the forest edge as compared with plots located >16 m into the cut block. In 1997, richness was again significantly reduced beyond 2 m. No differences in any of the diversity measures were detected between the different cut block sizes. The results of this study suggest that proximity to overstory trees may be more important than cut block size for patterns of ectomycorrhizal diversity and colonization. Additionally, polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to assess the accuracy of morphotyping and, in some cases, to identify the associated fungus by comparison with RFLP patterns generated by sporocarps.

Scots pine ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum potential and dynamics in podzol-specific humus, eluvial and illuvial horizons one and four growth seasons after forest clear-cut logging

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Heinonsalo ◽  
Robin Sen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Its Sequence Analysis ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes

The aims of this microcosm-based study were to characterize Scots pine ectomycorrhizal (EcM) inoculum potential in humus (O) and underlying eluvial (E) and illuvial (B) mineral podzol soil horizons and to compare the inoculum potential 1 and 4 years following clear-cut logging. The specific horizons were collected from a Scots pine control uncut stand, the adjacent interface zone (3–10 m from the forest edge), and the adjoining clear-cut area. The highest Simpson's reciprocal diversity indices (SRDI) of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes and polymerase chain reaction – internal transcribed spacer – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-(ITS)-RFLP) taxa were detected in the humus and E horizon. The B horizon supported the lowest SRDI, but the community consisted of mycorrhizas representing active rhizomorph-forming species. Identified RFLP taxa, confirmed via ITS sequence analysis, highlighted horizon specificity for some genera and species. With respect to clear-cutting impacts, the most dominant ectomycorrhizal morphotypes detected and diversity indices were the same irrespective of the sampling time, which strongly indicates that inoculum potential is maintained up to four growth seasons after the clearcut. No forest treatment dependent differences in Scots pine seedling biomass were detected, but, compared with humus, significantly reduced biomass was recorded in deeper mineral soil horizons. The data are discussed in relation with recent vertical profile studies and forest silvicultural practices.

Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. IV. Nutrient levels in ectomycorrhizal Sitka spruce seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Sidle ◽  
Charles G. Shaw III
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
North Side ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) seedlings colonized by the ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccarialaccata (Scop. ex Fr.) Berk and Br., Hebelomacrustuliniforme (Bull, ex St. Amans) Quel., or Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. and a noninoculated control were planted on rotten wood, undisturbed duff, undisturbed duff on the north side of large stumps, and exposed mineral soil in an area recently clear-cut on Chichagof Island, southeast Alaska. Uptake and concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and several micronutrients in foliage, stems, and roots were determined 2 years after outplanting. There were no significant interactions between fungal treatments and microsite types for uptake or concentration of any nutrient. Uptake and concentrations of N and P in foliage and roots did not differ significantly among fungal treatments. Foliar K and Cu concentrations were significantly higher in control seedlings than in those with L. laccata ectomycorrhizae. Calcium was the only nutrient analyzed that was present in higher concentrations in seedlings inoculated with H. crustuliniforme than in controls. Concentrations of foliar P, Mn, and Zn were significantly greater in seedlings grown on undisturbed duff (protected north side) than in seedlings grown on exposed mineral soil. However, foliar concentrations of all nutrients tested were not significantly different between seedlings grown on undisturbed duff (unprotected sites) and those grown on mineral soil. Seedlings grown on rotten wood had significantly greater concentrations of foliar Ca than seedlings grown on either exposed mineral soil or undisturbed duff. The on-site colonization of control seedlings after outplanting indicates that resident ectomycorrhizal fungi readily establish and appear to provide equal if not improved nutrient benefits compared to inoculated seedlings. Greater nutritional benefits were derived by planting on certain microsite types (duff and protected duff) than by inoculating with specific ectomycorrhizal fungi.

Long-term effects of fire on the composition and activity of the soil microflora of a subalpine, coniferous forest

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (15) ◽  
pp. 1704-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bissett ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Cellulose Decomposition ◽  
Soil Temperatures

The biomass, community composition, and metabolic activity of soil microorganisms were studied in adjacent burnt and unburnt areas of spruce–fir subalpine forest razed 6 years previously by a moderately severe natural fire. Similar levels of microbial biomass were observed at comparable burnt and unburnt sites, although the ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass was higher in the unburnt soils. The decreased acidity of the surface horizons in the burn probably tended to favor the development of a bacterial flora rather than a fungal flora. Microbial biomass in the burnt sites peaked earlier in the season than in the unburnt sites in response to the warmer soil temperatures and earlier thaw in the spring in the burn area.Significant differences in the species composition of the mycoflora in the organic soil horizons were observed between the burnt and unburnt sites. Apparently, these were related to qualitative differences in the recent litter. Phoma, Cladosporium, and Botrytis, which are usually associated with early stages of decomposition of herbaceous litter, were more common in the burnt soil. The mycoflora of the mineral soil horizons varied considerably from one burn site to another, possibly reflecting the geographical variation in the intensity of the burn. In overall composition, however, the mycoflora in the mineral soil horizons of the burn was not appreciably different from that of the unburnt sites.Higher laboratory rates of respiration and cellulose decomposition were observed for soil samples from the undisturbed forest. However, the rate of decomposition of cellulose in the field was much higher in the burnt sites, probably as a result of the higher soil temperatures in the burn area. Low soil temperature was concluded to be the main factor limiting microbial activities in the study area, and the removal of the insulating plant canopy and increased heat absorption by the ash in the burn area were found to increase decomposition rates, at least at this stage in the succession following the disturbance of fire.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Pupuk Mengandung Fosfat Terhadap Kehilangan Hara Melalui Pelindian Pada Tanah Gambut

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
IGM Subiksa
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Leachate Water

Subiksa et al, 2018. Comparison Effect of Several Phosphate Contain Fertilizers to Nutrient Loss Trough Leaching on Peat Soil. JLSO 7(1): Peat soil have specific nutrient adsorption characteristics which are affected by soil pH dependent charge. Therefore, nutrient management on such soil should be done using different approach compared to mineral soil. Research on the comparison effects of several types of phosphate containing fertilizers to nutrient loss through leaching on peat soil has been carried out in greenhouse using a coulom experiment. The objective of study was to evaluate the rate of primary macro nutrient loss and look for fertilization technology which can reduced leaching rate.  The study used a randomized block design of 14 treatments with 3 replications. The treatments were complete control treatment, partial control and 4 types of P contain fertilizer, namely SP-36, NPK compound, Chrismast Island Phosphate Rock (CIRP), and Pugam each of them with 3 levels dose. The peat soil used was ombrogenous peat with hemic maturity level taken from OKI Regency, South Sumatra. Watering was done every 2 days with 350 ml ion-free water/pot. The results showed that N and K nutrients leaching, mostly was due to application rate of those nutrient, whereas type of fertilizer was not revealed significantly different. Meanwhile, P concentration in leachate water was significantly different among treatments. Leaching of P in the control treatment was very low because of P content of peat soil was low. The highest loss of P trough leaching rate was shown by the NPK treatment because NPK compound is belong to fast nutrient release fertilizer. CIRP and Pugam treatments showed low P loss trough leaching rates due to the slow release of P on CIRP and Pugam. The low leaching rates of CIRP and Pugam are also because of high content of Al and Fe as polyvalent cation that can promote new soil positive charges as site adsorption of P. It can be concluded that fertilization with a slow release type of phosphate fertilizer and contain sesquioxide as source of polyvalent cations such as CIRP and Pugam can reduced the rate of phosphate loss trough leaching.

scholarly journals Aboveground and belowground arthropod communities experience different relative influences of stochastic and deterministic assembly processes following disturbance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Ferrenberg ◽  
Alexander S. Martinez ◽  
Akasha M. Faist
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Arthropod Communities

Background. Understanding patterns of biodiversity is a longstanding challenge in ecology. Similar to other biotic groups, arthropod community structure can be shaped by deterministic and stochastic processes, with limited understanding of what moderates the relative influence of these processes. Disturbances have been noted to alter the relative influence of deterministic and stochastic processes on community assembly in various study systems, implicating ecological disturbances as a potential moderator of these forces. Methods. Using a disturbance gradient along a 5-year chronosequence of insect-induced tree mortality in a subalpine forest of the southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA, we examined changes in community structure and relative influences of deterministic and stochastic processes in the assembly of aboveground (surface and litter-active species) and belowground (species active in organic and mineral soil layers) arthropod communities. Arthropods were sampled for all years of the chronosequence via pitfall traps (aboveground community) and modified Winkler funnels (belowground community) and sorted to morphospecies. Community structure of both communities were assessed via comparisons of morphospecies diversity and assemblages. Assembly processes were inferred from a mixture of linear models and matrix correlations testing for community associations with environmental properties, and from null-deviation models calculated from observed vs. expected levels of species turnover (Beta diversity) among samples. Results. Tree mortality altered community structure in both aboveground and belowground arthropod communities, but null models suggested that aboveground communities experienced greater relative influences of deterministic processes, while the relative influence of stochastic processes increased for belowground communities. Additionally, Mantel tests and linear regression models revealed significant associations between the aboveground arthropod communities and vegetation and soil properties, but no significant association among belowground arthropod communities and environmental factors. Discussion. Our results suggest context-dependent influences of stochastic and deterministic community assembly processes across different fractions of a ground-dwelling arthropod community following a disturbance. This variation in assembly may be linked to contrasting ecological strategies and dispersal rates within above- and below-ground communities. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence indicating concurrent influences of different processes in community assembly, and highlight the need to consider potential variation across different fractions of biotic communities when testing community ecology theory.

Relationships between microsite type and the growth and nutrition of young black spruce on post-disturbed lowland black spruce sites in eastern Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lavoie ◽  
David Paré ◽  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Growth Substrates ◽  
Humic Materials ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Decaying Wood

The surface of the soil in recently harvested or burned lowland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) sites is composed of a fine mosaic of different bryophytes (mostly Sphagnum spp. and feathermosses), disturbed organic material originating mostly from mosses at different stages of decay, and exposed mineral soil. Growth substrates were compared in lowland black spruce stands regenerating after either careful logging or wildfire. The 3-year annual increment for black spruce seedlings was greatest with substrates of feathermosses, mainly Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt., fibric material of P. schreberi origin, and a mixture of fibric P. schreberi and humic materials; it was least with fibric Sphagnum spp., mineral soil, and decaying wood substrates. The most favourable substrates for growth were characterized by better black spruce N and P foliar status. Our results also suggest that categories of growth substrates in the rooting zone reflect nutritional quality better than categories of growth substrates on the soil surface. To maintain or increase black spruce growth following careful logging of sites prone to paludification, we recommend fill-planting of seedlings in substrates originating from P. schreberi; management techniques that favour P. schreberi over Sphagnum mosses should also be developed.

scholarly journals Distance from the Forest Edge Influences Soil Fungal Communities Colonizing a Reclaimed Soil Borrow Site in Boreal Mixedwood Forest

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tod Ramsfield ◽  
Philip-Edouard Shay ◽  
Tony Trofymow ◽  
Colin Myrholm ◽  
Bradley Tomm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Reclaimed Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Mineral Soils

Soil fungi are important components of boreal forest ecosystems; for example, saprotrophic fungi regulate nutrient cycling, and mycorrhizal species facilitate nutrient uptake by plants. This study aimed to assess soil fungal communities in a reclaimed area and an adjacent natural mixedwood forest and to identify the distribution of taxa available for seedling colonization. Soil fungal microbiomes were assessed along three transects (from 10 m inside the interior of the undisturbed forest to 40 m inside the reclaimed area) and in the roots of small aspen within the natural forest. Using high-throughput deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing of internal transcribed spacer amplicons, a total of 2796 unique fungal taxa were detected across fine roots, forest floor, and mineral soils collected along the transects, whereas 166 taxa were detected in the aspen roots from the natural forest. Within the interior of the forest, ectomycorrhizal fungi were more common, whereas in the reclaimed areas, arbuscular mycorrhizae and saprophytes were more common. This survey showed that natural areas of adjacent undisturbed forest can act as a source of ectomycorrhizal fungi for dispersal into reclaimed areas. Notably, soil fungal taxa colonizing the root systems of small aspen included species that are specifically associated with soils from the undisturbed forest (primarily ectomycorrhizae) or the reclaimed clearing (saprotrophs and plant pathogens).

A SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURE FOR MICROMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. WIRES ◽  
B. H. SHELDRICK
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Undisturbed Soil

An inexpensive, lightweight adjustable hydraulic sampling system is described for obtaining "undisturbed" Kubiena box samples, in relatively stone-free mineral soil, for thin-section preparation. Key words: Hydraulic sampling, undisturbed soil samples, thin section

Effets du scarifiage sur les propriétés du sol et l'ensemencement naturel dans une pessière noire à mousses de la forêt boréale québécoise

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Total N ◽  
Humus Layer

Two types of scarification (cone and disk) were applied at two intensities (simple and double passes), in a randomized complete block design, established alongside buffer stands of spruce protective of water courses, that provided a natural seed source. Treatment effects on seedbed evolution, natural seeding of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP), competing vegetation, and soil physical and chemical properties were examined over a 3-year period. In situ nitrogen mineralization was also studied, using the buried-bag method. All scarification treatments created a surface horizon (0–10 cm) with 80% less organic matter content than the control treatment. However, treatments tended to loosen the exposed deep layers, creating microsites whose compactness appeared adequate for root development (1.07–1.22 Mg/m3). The organic matter loss mainly decreased exchangeable K and Mg in the surface 20 cm of scarified microsites. Scarification had little impact on total N of sampled profiles and clearcutting did not increase N mineralization with regard to the forest, during the first year after disturbance. The weak soil warming and the stability of temperatures under the unscarified humus suggest that clearcutting did not significantly enhanced microbial activity on the site. However, removal of the insulating humus layer allowed a significant summer soil warming in the furrows. Despite this, scarified microsites were characterized by N immobilization during the first growing season after treatment. However, net N production was positive during the winter period, presumably because of a N-flux phenomenon. Scarification improved black spruce regeneration by natural seeding. Three years after treatment, stocking levels reached 40 to 51% in the scarified sectors while they reached 31% in the controls, this gap being mainly attributed to the second germination year. The difference can be explained by the improved receptivity of bare mineral soil, well-decomposed humus, and mixed mineral–organic seedbeds that covered 12–20% of the scarified areas immediately after treatment. Generally, results indicate that microsites created by a light scarification are as receptive as microsites created by a severe perturbation. Finally, every scarification treatment efficiently controlled the ericaceous shrub cover during the first 3 years after treatment.

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