Growth and nutrient uptake by birch and maple seedlings on soil with patchy or homogeneous distribution of organic matter

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2019-2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret MI van Vuuren ◽  
Adrianna A Muir ◽  
Colin M Orians
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Total Plant

We compare responses to soil heterogeneity of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and gray birch (Betula pop ulifolia Marsh.). Seedlings were grown with root systems split between two pots with soil: (i) without additional organic matter or nutrients ("no-addition" treatment), (ii) with additional organic matter and nutrients distributed evenly throughout the soil ("mixed" treatment), and (iii) with additional organic matter and nutrients concentrated in one pot ("patch" treatment). Compared with the no-addition treatment, mixed and patch treatments resulted in taller plants, and greater leaf and total plant dry masses for birch, while growth of maple was mostly unaffected. Birch root biomass was significantly increased in the organic patch. Specific root length of fine roots (<1 mm diameter) in the organic patch was twice as large for birch than for maple. Total plant biomass and N and P contents did not differ between mixed and patch treatments, possibly because the contrast between N and P concentrations between patch and non-patch soil was too small. In all treatments, birches took up more N than maples. In addition, the faster localized root growth and larger specific root length indicate a greater potential for birch than for maple to exploit heterogeneous soils.

scholarly journals Biostimulants and Soil Amendments Affect Two-year Posttransplant Growth of Red Maple and Washington Hawthorn

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Kelting ◽  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Jody Fanelli ◽  
Bonnie Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Intermediate Metabolites ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Kelp Extract

Humate-based products have been aggressively marketed as biostimulants that increase plant growth. Little data are available on their effect on tree establishment or their interaction with fertilizer and irrigation regimes. This experiment tested several types of biostimulants on posttransplant growth of Acer rubrum L. (red maple) and Crataegus phaenopyrum (Blume) Hara (Washington hawthorn) trees, both with and without irrigation and fertilization. Soil treatments were applied at planting as: 1) control (native backfill only); 2) compost (native backfill + yard-waste compost); 3) peat (native backfill + Canadian sphagnum peat); 4) granular humate, 100 g/tree; 5) granular humate, 200 g/tree; and 6) liquid humate +, a proprietary liquid mixture of humate, kelp extract, thiamine, and intermediate “metabolites.” Irrigation regime × soil treatment interaction was significant for red maple, but soil treatments did not increase height, stem diameter, top dry mass, or root length. For Washington hawthorn, soil treatments did not increase height, stem diameter, or root length, but top dry mass in all treatments as a group and in humate-treated trees in particular was greater than that of controls. Roots of peat-treated trees of both species were longer than those in other treatments. Granular humate applied at 200 g/tree increased total root length more than did 100 g/tree in Washington hawthorn but not in red maple. Fertilizing at planting with N at 14.5 g·m-2 had no effect on any parameter measured for either species.

scholarly journals The Effects of Vermicompost and Phosphorus on the Development of Soybean Plant

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sezer Şahin ◽  
Mustafa Ceritoğlu ◽  
Hakan Kartal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant

Aims: Vermicompost (worm manure), which has gained importance in the last quarter of the century among innovative agricultural practices, has positive effects on both plant development and soil structure. The shortage of organic matter in soil reduces the productivity of agricultural production and hampers its continuity. Vermicompost products confer plant nutrient elements, various hormones, enzymes, humic substances and especially organic matter to the soil. This study aimed to study the effects of vermicompost application and phosphorus fertilizer rates on soybean in limy soil conditions. Study Design: The affect of vermicompost applications was evaluated with four doses of vermicompost (Control, 1.5, 3, and % 6) in three doses of phosporus applications. So, 0, 50 ppm and 100 ppm phosporus blocks had all four doses of vermicompost. Optimum level (100 ppm N and 100 ppm K) of N and K fertilisers were applied to all plants tested. Total plant biomass, leaf wet and dry weights, bean wights, plant height and nitrogen compositions of leaf and bean were measured. Results: The results were detected significant at % 1 on all parameters. As control plants’ leaf + scape wet and dry weights were measured 3.29 and 1.23 g respectively, they were measured 8.6 and 5.22 g at plants used vermicompost and phosphorus together. With vermicompost and phosphorus aplications, the phosphorus and nitrogen uptakes increased too. While control plants’ leaves have % 0.38 phosphorus content, it was measured % 0.84 at plant aplicated vermicompost and phosphorus. Coclusion: As a result, we observed increased P uptake levels with increased doses of vermicompost application in limysoils.

scholarly journals Root Pruning Red Maple and Washington Hawthorn Liners Does Not Affect Harvested Root Length After Two Years of Field Production

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-129
Author(s):  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Jody Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Field Production

Abstract Root pruning field-grown trees during production can increase harvested root length, but it is a time consuming and expensive practice. Root pruning before lining out instead of during production is much faster and cheaper. This study tested the effect of root pruning red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and Washington hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum (L.f.) Medic.) trees. Bare-root liners were root pruned before planting in nursery rows, and top growth, shoot: root ratios, and harvested root length within rootballs were measured after two years of field growth. Pruning root systems back 25%, 50%, or 75% had little effect on top growth or shoot:root ratios for either species.

scholarly journals Biostimulants and Soil Amendments Affect Two-year Posttransplant Growth of Red Maple and Washington Hawthorn

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Kelting ◽  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Jody Fanelli ◽  
Bonnie Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Intermediate Metabolites ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Kelp Extract

Humate-based products have been aggressively marketed as biostimulants that increase plant growth. Little data are available on their effect on tree establishment or their interaction with fertilizer and irrigation regimes. This experiment tested several types of biostimulants on posttransplant growth of Acer rubrum L. (red maple) and Crataegus phaenopyrum (Blume) Hara (Washington hawthorn) trees, both with and without irrigation and fertilization. Soil treatments were applied at planting as: 1) control (native backfill only); 2) compost (native backfill + yard-waste compost); 3) peat (native backfill + Canadian sphagnum peat); 4) granular humate, 100 g/tree; 5) granular humate, 200 g/tree; and 6) liquid humate +, a proprietary liquid mixture of humate, kelp extract, thiamine, and intermediate “metabolites.” Irrigation regime × soil treatment interaction was significant for red maple, but soil treatments did not increase height, stem diameter, top dry mass, or root length. For Washington hawthorn, soil treatments did not increase height, stem diameter, or root length, but top dry mass in all treatments as a group and in humate-treated trees in particular was greater than that of controls. Roots of peat-treated trees of both species were longer than those in other treatments. Granular humate applied at 200 g/tree increased total root length more than did 100 g/tree in Washington hawthorn but not in red maple. Fertilizing at planting with N at 14.5 g·m-2 had no effect on any parameter measured for either species.

scholarly journals Humate-based Biostimulants Affect Early Post-transplant Root Growth and Sapflow of Balled and Burlapped Red Maple

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Kelting ◽  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Jody Fanelli ◽  
Bonnie Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Landscape Trees

Application of biostimulants, humate-based products marketed as aids to plant establishment, may increase early post-transplant root growth and water uptake of landscape trees. We tested three distinct types of biostimulants on root growth and sapflow of balled and burlapped red maple (Acer rubrum L. `Franksred') trees. Treatments included: humate, 1) as a wettable powder formulation, applied as a soil drench; 2) as a liquid formulation to which various purported root growth—promoting additives had been added, also applied as a soil drench; 3) as a dry granular formulation, applied as a topdress; and 4) a nontreated control. Root growth was monitored through single-tree rhizotrons, and sap flow was measured with a heat balance sapflow system. Roots were first observed in the rhizotron windows 38 days after planting. No biostimulant-treated trees had more root length than nontreated controls, and the two soil drench treatments had the lowest root length throughout the 20 weeks of post-transplant observation. All biostimulants increased sapflow.

scholarly journals Influence of Copper Pollution of Haplic Calcic Chernozem With Various Contents of Sand Fractions on Morphobiometric Indicators of Spring Barley

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Natalia Chernikova ◽  
Tamara Dudnikova ◽  
David Pinskii ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Maximum Content ◽  
Test Plants

The growth and development of plants is one of the criteria for assessing the degree of soil pollution with heavy metals. Morphological and anatomical changes in test plants affected by pollutants, such as growth retardation, shoot bending, and decreased root length and mass, indicate the worsening of environmental conditions. The effect of various ratios of soil and sand polluted with copper (Cu) on morphobiometric parameters of spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum), Ratnik variety, was studied in a model vegetative experiment. Haplic calcic chernozem was used as a substrate with different ratios of soil/sand. It was determined that an addition of sand into the soil in the amounts of 25%, 50% and 75% of soil mass resulted in the alteration of the physical properties of the chernozem, which was reflected in the morphometric parameters of the plants. The most notable changes in the parameters were observed after pollution of soil-sand substrates with Cu(CH3COO)2 in the amounts of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. The maximum growth and development retardation of the barley plants was found at the maximum content of sand and the maximum concentration of Cu. The pollutant reduced the root length and, to a lesser degree, the height of the aboveground components of the plant, which as a result, decreased the total plant biomass. Keywords: trace elements, soil, agricultural crops, particle size distribution

scholarly journals Plant growth dynamics and root morphology of little-known species of Chenopodium from contrasted Andean habitats

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Alvarez-Flores ◽  
Thierry Winkel ◽  
David Degueldre ◽  
Carmen Del Castillo ◽  
Richard Joffre
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Low Resource

Plant morphology determines the access to soil resources, a feature crucial for early growth in annual species. Plant growth and root traits in little-known species of Andean chenopods were compared with the hypothesis that plants from low-resource habitats show traits that enhance resource capture. Three cultivated Chenopodium populations (two populations of the tetraploid Chenopodium quinoa Willd., one population of the diploid Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) and one population of their wild tetraploid relative Chenopodium hircinum Schrad. were grown in pots under nonlimiting conditions over nine weeks of early vegetative growth. All populations followed the same sequence of biomass allocation and showed similar maximal values of shoot and root relative growth rates (RGR). Population differences in plant biomass, net assimilation rate, total root length, and specific root length were associated with seed mass ranking and species ploidy level. Chenopodium quinoa produced less branched stems and maintained high root RGR for a longer time than the other two species, and the C. quinoa population from low-resource habitat showed a faster main root growth. These results show that C. pallidicaule developed a plant growth syndrome adapted to cold, high-altitude habitats, while C. quinoa from low-resource habitats showed an improved capacity to explore soil at depth in early growth stages.

Experimentally altered rainfall regimes and host root traits affect grassland arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Jeff Powell
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Future climate scenarios predict changes in rainfall regimes. These changes are expected to affect plants via effects on the expression of root traits associated with water and nutrient uptake. Associated microorganisms may also respond to these new precipitation regimes, either directly in response to changes in the soil environment or indirectly in response to altered root trait expression. We characterised arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in an Australian grassland exposed to experimentally altered rainfall regimes. We used Illumina sequencing to assess the responses of AM fungal communities associated with four plant species sampled in different watering treatments and evaluated the extent to which shifts were associated with changes in root traits. We observed that altered rainfall regimes affected the composition but not the richness of the AM fungal communities, and we found distinctive communities in the increased rainfall treatment. We found no evidence of altered rainfall regime effects via changes in host physiology because none of the studied traits were affected by changes in rainfall. However, specific root length was observed to correlate with AM fungal richness, while concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in root tissue and the proportion of root length allocated to fine roots were correlated to community composition. Our study provides evidence that climate change and its effects on rainfall may influence AM fungal community assembly, as do plant traits related to plant nutrition and water uptake. We did not find evidence that host responses to altered rainfall drive AM fungal community assembly in this grassland ecosystem.

Suivi du fonctionnement d'une station d'epuration associant physico-chimie et biofiltration = Metabief (France)

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Sludge Characteristic

The sewage treatment plant of Metabief (East of France) has been monitored during three weeks in winter 1988. The treatment associates a physico-chemical treatment with a biological process of biofiltration. The first step eliminates about 60 % of the organic matter (COD and BOD). The biofliters improve the treatment removing 60 % of COD influent and 65 % of TSS. The process is efficient (N excepted) under conditions of the experiment but nitrification is limited by cold temperatures (&lt; 10°C). Important results related to biological sludge product are presented (sludge characteristic, microscopic data, sludge production). Power consumption of biofliters represents 70 % of the total plant needs. Adequate control of washing cycles and close survey of numerous movable devices are of the utmost importance to guarantee the proper operating of biofliters.

Decay of birdseye sugar maple (Acer Saccharum) and curly red maple (Acer Rubrum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Tara Lee Bal ◽  
Katherine Elizabeth Schneider ◽  
Dana L. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple
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