Structure and regeneration dynamics of three subtropical midmontane moist evergreen broad-leaved forests in southwestern China, with special reference to bamboo in the forest understories

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2701-2714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Q. Tang ◽  
Tianxing Li ◽  
Xiaohong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Seedling Bank ◽  
Canopy Trees ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Bamboo Flowering ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Two midmontane moist evergreen broad-leaved forests on the Ailao Mountains, Yunnan, and one on Mount Emei, Sichuan, southwestern China were studied to characterize the forest structure and dynamics as manifested in size, age, canopy gaps, regeneration modes, and the survival of seedlings. The most dominant canopy trees were species of Lithocarpus and Castanopsis of Fagaceae along with species of Machilus of Lauraceae and of Schima of Theaceae. The vertical structures of the forests were multilayered. All the canopy species had multimodal-shaped size and age distributions. In each forest of the study sites, the mean size of a canopy gap, caused mainly by the death of canopy trees, was smaller than 65 m2. No surviving seedlings of Fagaceae species were found in understories having bamboo with a coverage greater than 25% in any quadrat of the three forests. The poor seedling bank in the study forests is apparently due to the presence of bamboo in the understory. The tree regeneration may be synchronously related to the bamboo flowering event (interval approximately 55–60 years).

Contribution to the knowledge of growth and postmarsupial development of Natatolana borealis (Crustacea: Isopoda)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-632
Author(s):  
Per-Otto Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Food Access ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Stage 1

Postmarsupial development and growth of Natatolana borealis were studied from Skogsvåg and Raknesvåg on the western coast of Norway. Growth was determined from size and instar stage distributions. Growth was also examined in laboratory kept isopods that were collected from Skogsvåg. The postmarsupial instar stages were identified using the number of articles and the position of setae on the flagellum of the first antenna and other morphological features. The mean size of isopods in instar stages 1—3 did not show any significant seasonal variation in Raknesvåg. The estimated growth and mortality rates of males and females were not significantly different. Nine and 11 postmarsupial instar stages were found in material from Skogsvåg and Raknesvåg, respectively. The life span from instar stage 1 to 9 of male and female N. borealis from western Norway was estimated to be 3—4 y. Mortality rate increased significantly from instar stage 9 to 10 of both sexes. Isopods that attained instar stage 10 and instar stage 11 in Raknesvåg, may have lived 4—5 y. The mean size of instar stages 8 and 9 and the size-to-weight relationships were significantly higher in material from Raknesvåg relative to that from Skogsvåg and may have been caused by differences in food access and predation pressure at the two study sites. Specimens sampled from the Bay of Monaco attained smaller adult size than the isopods from the Norwegian population.

Batch Precipitation of Lead Iodide

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1304
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Nývlt ◽  
Stanislav Žáček
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

Lead iodide was precipitated by a procedure in which an aqueous solution of potassium iodide at a concentration of 0.03, 0.10 or 0.20 mol l-1 was stirred while an aqueous solution of lead nitrate at one-half concentration was added at a constant rate. The mean size of the PbI2 crystals was determined by evaluating the particle size distribution, which was measured sedimentometrically. The dependence of the mean crystal size on the duration of the experiment exhibited a minimum for any of the concentrations applied. The reason for this is discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of topical gel formulation of Ficus carica latex on cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Pouryousef ◽  
Erfan Eslami ◽  
Sepehr Shahriarirad ◽  
Sina Zoghi ◽  
Mehdi Emami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ficus carica latex on the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), induced by Leishmania major. A 5% topical gel with F. carica latex was prepared. BALB/c mice were infected by inoculation of amastigotes form of L. major. Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into five groups, where the first group was treated daily, the second group twice per day, and the third group every other day with the 5% topical gel, for 3 weeks. The sizes of the lesions were measured before and during the course of treatment. Results Although the mean size of lesions in the mice group treated with the 5% F. carica gel, especially in the group receiving daily treatment, was less than the mean size of the lesions in the control group, yet, the differences was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The findings of the current study demonstrated that the 5% F. carica latex with a 3-week course of treatment had no considerable effect in recovery or control of CL induced by L. major in the murine model. Using higher concentration of F. carica latex and with longer treatment lengths may increase its efficacy in the treatment of CL.

scholarly journals Potential Fertilization Capacity of Two Grapevine Varieties: Effects on Agricultural Production in Designation of Origin Areas in the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Cortiñas Rodríguez ◽  
María Fernández-González ◽  
Estefanía González-Fernández ◽  
Rosa A. Vázquez-Ruiz ◽  
F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Fertilization Capacity

In the present study, we analyzed the main parameters related with the potential fertilization ability of two grapevine varieties, Godello and Mencía, during the years 2017 and 2018. The research was carried out in two vineyards of the Galician winegrowing Designation of Origin areas of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra. Ten vines of each variety were selected for bunch and flower counting, pollen calculations, pollen viability studies by means of aceto-carmine (AC) stain and 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) methods, and the determination of their germination rate. In all vineyards the 50% fruitset was reached, except for Godello in Cenlle during 2017. The mean coulure value was higher for Godello (40.5%) than for Mencía (31%). Analyzing the pollen production per plant and airborne pollen levels, we observed important discordances between them, which can be due to the influence of weather conditions and be related with self-pollination processes. We found important differences on pollen viability depending on the applied method and variety, with higher values for the AC method than the TTC for both varieties in all study plots, and higher values for Mencía variety than Godello. Regarding germination rates, we observed a marked reduction in 2017 with respect to 2018, in all study sites and for both varieties. The analyzed parameters were useful to explain the different productive abilities of Godello and Mencía varieties in the two studied bioclimatic regions of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra.

scholarly journals Mudrock Microstructure: A Technique for Distinguishing between Deep-Water Fine-Grained Sediments

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Shereef Bankole ◽  
Dorrik Stow ◽  
Zeinab Smillie ◽  
Jim Buckman ◽  
Helen Lever
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Weak Current ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Water Facies

Distinguishing among deep-water sedimentary facies has been a difficult task. This is possibly due to the process continuum in deep water, in which sediments occur in complex associations. The lack of definite sedimentological features among the different facies between hemipelagites and contourites presented a great challenge. In this study, we present detailed mudrock characteristics of the three main deep-water facies based on sedimentological characteristics, laser diffraction granulometry, high-resolution, large area scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique. Our results show that the deep-water microstructure is mainly process controlled, and that the controlling factor on their grain size is much more complex than previously envisaged. Retarding current velocity, as well as the lower carrying capacity of the current, has an impact on the mean size and sorting for the contourite and turbidite facies, whereas hemipelagite grain size is impacted by the natural heterogeneity of the system caused by bioturbation. Based on the microfabric analysis, there is a disparate pattern observed among the sedimentary facies; turbidites are generally bedding parallel due to strong currents resulting in shear flow, contourites are random to semi-random as they are impacted by a weak current, while hemipelagites are random to oblique since they are impacted by bioturbation.

Late endoscopic evaluation of the ostium size after external dacryocystorhinostomy

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097604
Author(s):  
Reem R Al Huthail ◽  
Yasser H Al-Faky
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Nasal Endoscope ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
External Dacryocystorhinostomy ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To evaluate the effect of chronicity on the size of the ostium after external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with intubation. Methods: Design: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent external DCR with intubation over 10 years from January 2003 at a tertiary hospital. All patients were recruited and examined with rigid nasal endoscope. Results: A total number of 66 (85 eyes) patients were included. The mean age at the time of evaluation was 53.1 years with gender distribution of 54 females (81.8 %). The mean duration ±SD between the date of surgery and the date of evaluation was 33.2 ± 33.6 (6–118 months). Our study showed an overall anatomical and functional success of 98.8% and 95.3%, respectively. The mean size of the ostium (±SD) was 23.0 (±15.7) mm2 (ranging from 1 to 80.4 mm2). The size of the ostium was not a significant factor for failure ( p = 0.907). No statistically significant correlation was found between the long-term duration after surgery and the size of the ostium ( R: 0.025, p = 0.157). Conclusions: Nasal endoscopy after DCR is valuable in evaluating the ostium with no observed potential correlation between the long-term follow-up after surgery and the size of the ostium.

Lead inclusions in aluminium

1989 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Johnson ◽  
L. Gråbaek ◽  
J. Bohr ◽  
A. Johansen ◽  
L. Sarholt-Kristensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Melting Transition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Free Surfaces ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spontaneous Phase

ABSTRACTIon implantation at room temperature of lead into aluminium leads to spontaneous phase separation and formation of lead precipitates growing topotactically with the matrix. Unlike the highly pressurised (∼ 1–5 GPa) solid inclusions formed after noble gas implantations, the pressure in the lead precipitates is found to be less than 0.12 GPa.Recently we have observed the intriguing result that the lead inclusions in aluminium exhibit both superheating and supercooling [1]. In this paper we review and elaborate on these results. Small implantation-induced lead precipitates embedded in an aluminium matrix were studied by X-ray diffraction. The (111) Bragg peak originating from the lead crystals was followed during several temperature cycles, from room temperature to 678 K. The melting temperature for bulk lead is 601 K. In the first heating cycle we found a superheating of the lead precipitates of 67 K before melting occurred. During subsequent cooling a supercooling of 21 K below the solidification point of bulk lead was observed. In the subsequent heating cycles this hysteresis at the melting transition was reproducible. The full width of the hysteresis loop slowly decreased to 62 K, while the mean size of the inclusions gradually increased from 14.5 nm to 27 nm. The phenomena of superheating and supercooling are thus most pronounced for the small crystallites. The persistence of the hysteresis loop over successive heating cycles demonstrate that its cause is intrinsic in nature, and it is believed that the superheating originates from the lack of free surfaces of the lead inclusions.

scholarly journals Mechanical ventilation-induced alterations of intracellular surfactant pool and blood–gas barrier in healthy and pre-injured lungs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne-Marie Krischer ◽  
Karolin Albert ◽  
Alexander Pfaffenroth ◽  
Elena Lopez-Rodriguez ◽  
Clemens Ruppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Alveolar Surfactant ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Injury Progression

AbstractMechanical ventilation triggers the manifestation of lung injury and pre-injured lungs are more susceptible. Ventilation-induced abnormalities of alveolar surfactant are involved in injury progression. The effects of mechanical ventilation on the surfactant system might be different in healthy compared to pre-injured lungs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilations on the structure of the blood–gas barrier, the ultrastructure of alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells and the intracellular surfactant pool (= lamellar bodies, LB). Rats were randomized into bleomycin-pre-injured or healthy control groups. One day later, rats were either not ventilated, or ventilated with PEEP = 1 or 5 cmH2O and a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg bodyweight for 3 h. Left lungs were subjected to design-based stereology, right lungs to measurements of surfactant proteins (SP−) B and C expression. In pre-injured lungs without ventilation, the expression of SP-C was reduced by bleomycin; while, there were fewer and larger LB compared to healthy lungs. PEEP = 1 cmH2O ventilation of bleomycin-injured lungs was linked with the thickest blood–gas barrier due to increased septal interstitial volumes. In healthy lungs, increasing PEEP levels reduced mean AE2 cell size and volume of LB per AE2 cell; while in pre-injured lungs, volumes of AE2 cells and LB per cell remained stable across PEEPs. Instead, in pre-injured lungs, increasing PEEP levels increased the number and decreased the mean size of LB. In conclusion, mechanical ventilation-induced alterations in LB ultrastructure differ between healthy and pre-injured lungs. PEEP = 1 cmH2O but not PEEP = 5 cmH2O ventilation aggravated septal interstitial abnormalities after bleomycin challenge.

The variation of the mean size of the photospheric granules close to and away from a sunspot

Solar Physics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Macris ◽  
Th. Prokakis ◽  
D. Dialetis ◽  
R. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean
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