The use of ectomycorrhizal conifer seedlings in the revegetation of a high-elevation mine site

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Grossnickle ◽  
C. P. P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Mine Waste ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Deep Mine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
And Control

Three conifer species, Pinnscontorta Dougl., Pinusflexilis James, and Piceaengelmannii Parry, were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, Suillusgranulatus (L. ex Fr.) Kuntze, and Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. These, plus noninoculated control seedlings, were grown in a greenhouse for 8 months to assess mycorrhizal formation and seedling response. For all conifer species, top height, diameter, and seedling total dry weight were greater in the S. granulatus and control ("wild" fungus) treatments as compared with P. tinctorius and C. geophilum.In the 2nd year of the study, greenhouse container-grown conifers with ectomycorrhizae formed by the above three fungi and an unknown fungus were planted under four fertilizer treatments on a high-elevation (3200 m) molybdenum tailing pond covered with deep mine waste rock.After 4 years in the field, height growth of the seedlings (all tree species combined) inoculated with S. granulatus were greater than seedlings inoculated with P. tinctorius, C. geophilum, or control ("wild" fungus). Through four growing seasons, a sewage sludge and wood-chip treatment resulted in greater height growth than the three treatments of combined inorganic N and P, P alone, and no fertilization. The combined survival for all species and all treatments was 58% after four growing seasons.

Stabilité phénotypique de la croissance en hauteur et cinétique journalière de la pression de sève et de la transpiration chez le pin maritime (Pinuspinaster Ait.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 936-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Guyon ◽  
A. Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dune ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Coastal Sand Dune ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Coastal Sand ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Physiologic Activity ◽  
Response To Environmental Change ◽  
Pin Maritime

A study of geographic variation of maritime pine (Pinuspinaster Ait.) 9 years old, regarding height growth, transpiration and sap pressure daily kinetics has been performed in two sites, one in coastal sand dune and the other one in a more interior well-drained sandy moor. Successive height increments were measured from the 4th to the 9th year of growth and the year × provenance interaction was investigated. Transpiration and sap pressure were measured on 2-year-old needle fascicles. Results show discriminant variations between provenances and suggest some hypotheses about the possible ways of natural selection concerning drought resistance. The provenances North Landes (France) and Leiria (Portugal) grow best and strongly react to any variation of environmental factors as reflected by the high value of the slope of their regression lines (regression of their annual mean on the overall annual mean). Such a genotypie instability coincides with an intense physiologic activity (large flux of water correlated with a strong loss of weight by transpiration, reaching after 3 min 2% of the total dry weight of the separated needles and associated with the lowest sap pressure when the sun is around zenith). On the contrary, the Morocan provenance Tamjoute shows a large stability; its daily curves of transpiration and sap pressure reach early their maximum and minimum and therefore express a stress avoidance. Between these two extreme behaviours, the provenances Cazorla (south Spain) and Porto-Vecchio (Corsica) have intermediate values of transpiration and sap pressure, and their height growth shows a relative stability of response to environmental change.

Analysis of growth and tuber yield in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivars

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Bulking Rate

SUMMARYGrowth and tuber yield of local sweet potato cultivars were compared during the 1974 and 1975 growing seasons. Three cultivars significantly outyielded the others. The cultivar effect was associated with differences in individual tuber weight, rate of bulking and percentage of total dry matter diverted into the vine or stem. Mean crop growth rate (C) and percentage of total dry matter diverted into the tubers were greater in the higher yielding cultivars and there was positive and significant correlation between Cand final total dry weight. Leaf area duration (D) was greater in 1975 than in 1974 but the differences between cultivars in D was not consistent. Higher yielding cultivars had significantly greater tuber/leaf ratio than the other cultivars.Bulking rate and tuber weight were positively correlated with tuber yield, while the percentage of total dry matter diverted into the vine was negatively correlated with tuber yield.

Effects of Natural Organic Acids on Growth of Maize and Uptake of Chromium by Maize in Chromium Contaminated Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Ling Cheng ◽  
Zhi Fei Ma ◽  
Qun Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Seven natural organic acids were added to moderate artificial Cr-contaminated soil to investigate the effects of natural organic acids on growth of maize and phytoextraction of chromium by maize. The results showed that most organic acids promoted the height growth of maize except for humic acid in Cr-contaminated soil. The total dry weight increased only with oxalic acid treatment. The natural organic acids can change the dry matter distribution of the shoot and the root. The total uptake of chromium by the shoots of maize showed the highest with citric acid treatment (p<0.01), followed by succinic acid, tartaric acid and malic acid treatment, indicate that citric acid has the potential to be used for phytoremediation of Cr-contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Container Size and Initial Trunk Diameter Effects Growth of Acer rubrum L. During Production

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Root

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine container size and liner (young bare root trees) trunk diameter effects on growth of Acer rubrum L. ‘Franksred’, Red Sunset™ red maple. In experiment 1, maples liners with initial mean trunk diameters of 12.2 mm (0.5 in), 15.9 mm (0.6 in), and 22.3 mm (0.9 in) were potted in 26.5 liter (#7), 37.8 liter (#10), and 56.8 liter (#15) containers and grown for 18 months (2 growing seasons). Height and trunk diameter growth at the end of each growing season were affected by both the initial liner trunk diameter and container size. During year 1, liners with an initial trunk diameter of 12.2 mm (0.5 in) increased 28 and 70% more in height growth compared to liners initially 15.9 mm (0.6 in) and 22.3 mm (0.9) in trunk diameter, respectively. Twenty three percent more height growth occurred with maples in 37.8 liter (#10) and 56.8 liter (#15) containers compared to those in 26.5 liter (#7) containers. Trunk diameter growth increased 50% more with 12.2 mm (0.5 in) liners compared to 22.3 mm (0.9 in) liners. A 25% increase in trunk diameter growth occurred with liners potted in 56.8 liter (#15) compared to 26.5 liter (#7) containers. At the end of the second growing season, final tree size was similar with liners that were initially 12.2 mm (0.5 in) and 15.9 mm (0.6 in) liners in trunk diameter to those initially 22.3 mm (0.9 in) when potted into 37.8 liter (#10) and 56.8 liter (#15) containers. In experiment 2, maple liners with trunk diameters 17.5 mm (0.7 in), 20.5 mm (0.8 in), and 29.0 mm (1.1 in) were potted in container sizes 26.5 liter (#7), 37.8 liter (#10), and 56.8 liter (#15) and grown for 18 months (2 growing seasons). Liners grown in 56.8 liter (#15) containers had 92% more height growth and 48% more trunk diameter growth than with liners in 26.5 liter (#7) containers. At termination, the shoot dry weight was 41% larger with maples in 56.8 liter (#15) containers compared to those grown in 26.5 liter (#7) containers.

scholarly journals Comparison of June-budded and Grafted Two-year-old `Chandler' Walnut (Juglans regia) on Paradox Hybrid Root

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 531E-531
Author(s):  
Kathy Kelley ◽  
Dave Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Fifty trees each of 1-year-old Paradox rootstock June-budded to `Chandler' walnut and 2-year-old Paradox whipgrafted to `Chandler' were planted in a 28 × 28-ft spacing on a Hanford sandy loam soil. Ten trees of each type were selected at time of planting and the number of roots, individual root diameter, trunk diameter, root dry weight, scion dry weight, and total dry weight were compared. All parameters, with the exception of root number, were significantly greater for the grafted 2-year-old rootstocks. Growth of the trees measured as trunk circumference 20 cm above the graft union was significantly greater for the grafted 2-year-old rootstocks following the first season. There was no significant different in trunk circumference between the 1- and 2-year-old rootstocks following the second or third growing seasons.

Effect of continuous photoperiod on growth and development of lodgepole pine seedlings and grafts

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
And Control

Wind-pollinated seed and ramets from lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) plus tree selections in British Columbia were established and maintained under 24-h photoperiods for 6 months. Subsequently, these trees were outplanted in the nursery and periodically assessed for height, diameter, and dry weight. Seedlings and grafts developed considerably faster than normal nursery-grown controls during the treatment period, and they maintained an accelerated growth rate during the two growing seasons following outplanting. Root growth was particularly enhanced, as evidenced by the sharply reduced shoot:root ratio of treated seedlings relative to controls. Large differences in growth response existed among wind-pollinated families but family × environment (greenhouse vs. nursery) interaction confounded interpretation. Family performances for treated and control seedlings of the same families were not well correlated (r = 0.24) after two growing seasons. The rapid growth and development of seedlings and grafts under continuous photoperiod can undoubtedly benefit tree improvement programs by ultimately reducing the establishment time of seedling and clonal seed orchards, particularly for slowly growing species such as lodgepole pine.

scholarly journals Influence of Container Size and Medium Amendment on Post-transplant Growth of Prairie Perennial Seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Ricky D. Kemery ◽  
Michael N. Dana
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Echinacea Pallida ◽  
Water Holding

The objective of this study was to determine whether container size or incorporation of water-holding hydrogels in the container medium would affect growth of prairie perennials transplanted on a steep slope. Seedlings of pale-purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida Nutt.), rough blazingstar (Liatris aspera Michx.), gray-headed coneflower [Ratibida pinnata (Venten.) Barnh.], and little bluestem grass [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash.], were grown in 3.7-cm (1.46-inch) diameter tubes that were either 13 cm (5.1 inches) or 18 cm (7.1 inches) long containing either standard greenhouse mix or the mix amended with hydrogels Terra-sorb AG or Liqua-Gel, or a nonhydrogel experimental compound, GLK-8924. The seedlings were transplanted to the slope in May 1994, and harvested in June 1995. After two growing seasons, plants of pale-purple cone-flower and gray-headed coneflower from the longer containers were larger (dry weight) than those from the shorter containers. The blazingstar and little bluestem were unafffected by container size. Terra-sorb AG and Liqua-Gel did not significantly affect height growth of the prairie perennials. GLK-8924-amended medium resulted in smaller or similar height plants.

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Zubair Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Adeel Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Benefit Cost

Dry direct-seeded rice has been shown to save irrigation water and labor. Nonetheless, irrigation management in dry direct-seeded rice has received very little attention. Here, we examined the potential of different irrigation regimes: aerobic rice (AR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) in dry direct-seeded rice cultivation on two rice cultivars (Pride-1 (hybrid indica) and NB-1 (inbred indica)). Growth, yield attributes, grain yield, total water input, water productivity and benefit cost ratio were measured. Our results showed that AR saved 11.22 and 28.40%, and 5.72 and 32.98% water compared with AWD and CF during 2018 and 2020, respectively. There was a significant difference in grain yield among treatments and cultivars. AWD and CF produced statistically same total dry weight and grain yield, while AR reduced the total dry weight by 31.34% and 38.04% and grain yield by 34.82% and 38.16% in comparison to AWD and CF, respectively, across the years. Except for 1000-grain weight and harvest index in AWD and CF, further differences in total dry weight and grain yield among irrigation treatments were primarily correlated with variations in yield attributes. Among the cultivars, hybrid rice performed better than inbred rice. Over the two-year period, hybrid rice increased total dry weight, grain yield, and water productivity by 9.28%, 13.05%, and 14.28%, respectively, as compared to inbred rice. Regarding water productivity (WP), the maximum percentage (40.90 and 26.53%) was recorded for AWD compared to AR and CF. Among cultivars, more water productivity (14.28%) was calculated for hybrid rice than inbred one. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf area index and crop growth rate contributed to higher grain yield of hybrid rice under AWD and CF. In contrast to WP, the maximum benefit cost ratio was estimated to be higher for CF than that of AR and AWD. For the cultivars, the maximum value (2.26 in 2018 and 2.32 in 2020) was calculated for hybrid rice compared with the inbred one. In conclusion, these results suggests that AWD with maximum WP and CF with maximum BCR could be more efficient approaches than AR. Under CF, hybrid rice cultivars with higher yield and yield-related attributes, WP and BCR performed better.

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