Maltol protects against infection of lodgepole pine seedlings by western gall rust

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1658-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Blenis ◽  
Kathleen L. Wiggins ◽  
James E. Cunningham ◽  
Michael A. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Seedling Infection ◽  
Plot Design

Uptake and translocation of maltol into 6-week-old Pinusconforta (Engelm.) var. latifolia seedlings was followed by means of gas chromatography. Maltol concentrations of 6.0–7.3 mg/g seedling dry weight (46–55 μg/seedling) were observed over the first 3 days following a single application of 50 mg maltol/seedling. A split-plot design was used to determine if maltol could reduce seedling infection by Endocronartiumharknessii. Whole plots consisted of two inoculum levels (7 or 30 mg of spores per tray of seedlings) and subplots consisted of four levels of maltol (0, 2, 10, or 40 mg/mL) applied 2 days before inoculation to one-half tray of seedlings at the rate of 5 mL/cavity. The highest concentration consistently and significantly reduced seedling infection relative to the untreated control, although it also caused some phytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Performance of hybrid rice grown from separated tillers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-513
Author(s):  
FN Kamarum Munira ◽  
Md. Parvez Anwar ◽  
Sabina Yeasmin ◽  
Md. Harun Or Rashid ◽  
Mst Farzana Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Field Laboratory ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Plot Design

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to November 2016 to investigate the performance of separated tillers of hybrid rice variety Dhani Gold. The experiment comprised three times of tiller transplantation viz. 3, 4 and 5 week aged tiller seedlings and four levels of number of tiller seedlings transplanted hill-1 viz. 2, 3, 4 and 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 laid out in a split plot design with 3 replications. The highest plant height was obtained when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted at the rate of 3 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest number of total tillers hill-1 and number of effective tillers hill-1 were found when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest grains panicle-1 was obtained when 4-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest grain yield was found when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The lowest grain yield was found when 5-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 2 tiller seedlings hill-1 in hybrid rice variety Dhani Gold. Based on the findings of the present study it may be concluded that 3-week old tiller seedlings of Dhani Gold should be transplanted at the rate of 4 or 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 for higher yield. Thus present study confirms the potentiality of growing hybrid rice from separated tillers in case of unavailability of seedlings or to minimize the seed cost of high value hybrid rice seeds. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 507–513, 2019

The growth of lodgepole pine seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches at five seedbed densities

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-428
Author(s):  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Foliage Weight

The components of shoot growth and dry matter production in 1 + 0 lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. spp. contorta) seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches for 12 weeks at five seedbed densities (180–720 plants/m2) were studied. The greater plant height found at the highest seedbed density was the result of increased stem unit length, not increased number of stem units. The increase in plant dry weight as seedbed density decreased was largely due to greater dry weight of roots, branchwood, and branch foliage, and not to increases in stemwood and stem foliage weight. Seedbed densities of less than 460 seedlings/m2 are required to produce yields of suitably sturdy seedlings in excess of 50% of the crop.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation and Herbicides on Most Tenacious Weed Cyperus rotundus in Wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Kairovin Lakra
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Clodinafop Propargyl ◽  
Plot Design

To manage the Cyperus rotundus (Purple nut sedge.) is a troublesome, economically damaging weed, widely naturalized in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. A field experiment was done at Students Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U.P).The study was conducted to investigate the competitive effects of C. rotundus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under varying irrigation regimes and herbicides in field conditions at Kanpur during Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 in a split plot design.  The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four irrigation schedule viz. irrigation at CRI and active tillering stage (I1), irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2), CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and  irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage (I4) were assigned to main plots and weed management practices viz. W1-weedy check, W2-two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, W3-sulfosulfuron @25 g/ha , W4- pendimethalin (pre emergence) fbWCPL-15(clodinafop- propargyl 15 %) @400 g/ha , W5- carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG @ 100 g/ha , W6- halauxafen + penxasulam 23.5% @ 75 g/ha , W7- halauxafen - methyl 1.21% w/w + fluroxypyr @  and W8- clodinafop- propargyl 15% + metsulfuron 1% @ 400 g/ha  were allocated to sub plots. Application of two irrigations at CRI and active tillering stage (I1) significantly reduced the density of C. rotundus and their fresh and dry weight with highest weed control efficiency (WCE) over irrigation at CRI+ jointing+ booting+ flowering+ milking stage (I4), irrigation at CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2). However, maximum yield was recorded with the application of five irrigation at CRI+ jointing+ booting+ flowering+ milking stage (I4). Among herbicidal treatments, lowest density, fresh and dry weight of C. rotundus with  the highest WCE resulted in higher  yield of wheat was recorded with the application of carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG as post emergence (35 DAS) at 100 g/ha as compared to other treatments. However, none of the herbicidal treatments as effective as hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS.

scholarly journals Produksi Benih Kentang G0 Pada Berbagai Volume dan Frekuensi Fertigasi dengan Sistem Irigasi Tetes (Production of G0 Potato Seed on Many Fertigation Volumes and Frequencies on Drip Irrigation)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Meksy Dianawati ◽  
Hilda Farida ◽  
Sri Muhartini
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Drip Fertigation ◽  
Plot Design

<p>Kentang merupakan sayuran yang memiliki prospek untuk mendukung program diversifikasi pangan. Akan tetapi saat ini produksi di dalam negeri masih rendah akibat penggunaan benih yang kurang bermutu. Sistem irigasi tetes berpeluang untuk diterapkan pada produksi benih kentang G0. Penelitian  bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi dan volume fertigasi terhadap produksi benih G0 kentang pada sistem irigasi tetes. Penelitian  dilaksanakan sejak bulan Mei sampai dengan September 2016 di Rumah Kassa Desa Cikahuripan, Lembang, Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat dengan ketinggian 1.200 m dpl. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah (split plot design) dengan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama adalah frekuensi fertigasi sebanyak 3, 5, dan 7 kali. Sebagai anak petak adalah volume fertigasi (ml) setiap aplikasi, yaitu 100, 200, 300, dan 400. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terjadi interaksi antara perlakuan frekuensi dan volume fertigasi terhadap semua peubah pengamatan. Frekuensi fertigasi terbaik terhadap bobot ubi per tanaman umur 100 HST adalah lima kali, yaitu jam 7, 10, 12, 14, dan 16. Volume fertigasi terbaik terhadap jumlah ubi ukuran besar umur 100 HST adalah 300 ml per aplikasi per polibag. Volume dan frekuensi fertigasi terbaik ini diharapkan tidak saja meningkatkan produksi benih, tetapi juga keuntungan usahatani yang diperoleh. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menginduksi pengumbian dengan mengalihkan ukuran ubi menjadi peningkatan jumlah ubi sebagai tujuan produksi benih G0.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p><em>Solanum</em> tuberosum L.; Irigasi tetes; Fertigasi; Frekuensi; Volume</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Potato is one of vegetables that can be used as an alternative to support food diversification programs. But the potato production domestically is still low because of low quality seed. One of the potato seed technologies that can be developed is arragement of fertigation volumes and frequencies on drip fertigation. The objective of this research was to determine the best fertigation volume and frequency in G0 potato seed production in drip irrigation. This research was conducted from May to September 2016 at Screen House Cikahuripan Village, Lembang, Bandung on 1,200 m asl. The treatments were arranged in split plot design with randomized complete block design and three replications. The main plot was fertigation frequency which was consisted of three levels; 3, 5, and 7 times per day. The subplot was fertigation volume which was consisted of four levels; 100, 200, 300, and 400 ml per aplication. The result showed there was no interaction between fertigation frequency and volume on all observation. The best fertigation frequency on tuber weight per plant at 100 day after planting was five  times, i.e. 7, 10, 12, 14, and 16 o’clock. The best fertigation volume on number of big tuber at 100 day after planting was 300 ml per application. The best fertigation volume and frequency will increase not only seed production, but also profit of bussiness. Next research will be done to induction tuberization by transfering measurement of tuber to increase the amount of tuber as goal of production of G0 potato seed.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Growth Response and Yield of Three Shallot Varieties on The Various Mixed of UREA + ZA in Ultisol Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Lily Marlina ◽  
Joko Purnomo ◽  
Hilda Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Plot Design

This study aimed to: (1) identify the interaction effect between varieties and mixed doses of urea + ZA on the growth and yield of shallots in Ultisol soil; (2) to identify the effect of each shallot varieties and the dosage mixture of urea + ZA which produce the highest yield in Ultisol soils. The research was conducted from April to June 2019 in Tungkaran Village, Martapura, with a split plot design. The main plot was shallot varieties (V) with three levels, namely Biru Lancor (v1), Bima Brebes (v2), and Super Philip (v3). Subplots were a mixture of urea + ZA (P) with four levels, namely 0 kg urea + 600 kg ZA (p1), 100 kg urea + ZA 400 kg (p2), 200 kg urea + 200 kg ZA (p3), and 300 urea kg + ZA 0 kg (p4). Each experiment was repeated three times. Therefore, there were 36 experimental units. Observation parameters included plant height, number of leaves per clump, number of bulbs per clump, fresh bulbs' weight per clump, and yield of stored dry bulbs. The results showed that the Bima Brebes variety (v2) had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of bulbs per clump, the weight of fresh bulbs per clump, and yield of stored dry bulbs. The mixture of 200 kg urea + 200 g ZA (p3) significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers per clump, the weight of fresh tubers per clump, and yield of stored dry tubers.

scholarly journals Growth Performance of Lentil by the Effect of Irrigation and Boron Splitting Asfoliar Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
S Paul ◽  
TS Roy ◽  
R Chakraborty ◽  
M Roy ◽  
SC Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Plot Design ◽  
Plant Length

A field experiment was conducted for evaluating the effect of irrigation and boron splitting as foliar spray on growth and yield of lentil at the Research Field of the Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from November, 2018 to March, 2019.Three levels of irrigation viz., I0: control, I1: one irrigation at 25 days after sowing (DAS), I2: two irrigations at 25 DAS and 40 DAS and boron was applied by four levels viz., B0: control, B1: 80% recommended dose as basal + rest 20% as foliar spray (FS) at pre-flowering (PF), B2: 60% RD as basal + rest 40% as FS at PF, B3: 40% RD as basal + rest 60% as FS at PF. The experiment was fully set up in a split-plot design with three replications. Two irrigations at 25 and 40 DAS result produced that the highest plant length, branches plant-1, leaves plant-1, dry weight plant-1. On the other hand, B3 (40% RD as basal + rest 60% as FS at PF) produced significantly the highest growth of lentil. Result also showed that the highest plant length (27.59 cm), number of branches (5.73) and plant dry matter (4.83 g) recorded from I2B3 combinations. Therefore, the combination of two irrigations at 25 and 40 DAS and boron at 40% RD as basal + rest 60% as foliar spray at pre-flowering might be considered as effective dose for the cultivation of lentil in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 139-150

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kombinasi Mulsa JAgung dan Pupuk NPK serta Budidaya Tanaman Jagung, KAcang tanah dan kedelai Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah pada Ultisol

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Fajrial Lisha ◽  
Zuraida Zuraida ◽  
Teti Arabia
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Plot Design

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi mulsa jagung dan pupuk NPK serta budidaya berbagai macam tanaman terhadap sifat kimia tanah pada Ultisol. Tanman yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa tanaman jagung, kacang tanah, dan kedelai. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terpisah pola RAK 3 x 4 dengan tiga ulangan dan 12 perlakuan . Faktor yang diteliti yaitu jenis tanaman dan mulsa jagung. Faktor pertama yaitu jenis tanaman terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu ; jagung, kedelai dan kacang tanah. Faktor kedua mulsa jagung terdiri atas empat taraf  yaitu ; kontrol, tanpa mulsa, mulsa jagung 5 ton ha-1 dan mulsa jagung 10 ton ha-1 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan jenis tanaman  memberikan pengaruh nayata terhadap K-dd tanah. Terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara perlakuan jenis tanaman dan mulsa jagung terhadap P-tersedia.The effects of Mulching Maize Combination and NPK Fertilizer with Maize, Soybean and Groundnut cultivation in Soil Chemical Properties of UltisolAbstract. This research aims to know the effects of mulching maize combination and NPK fertilizer with plant cultivation on dry land of Ultisol towards some soil chemical properties. The types of plants that have been used in this research are Maize, Soybean and Groundnut. The experimental layout was a split plot design by 3 x 4 RCBD with three replications and 12 combinations. The first factor is types of plants, consisting of three levels ie: Maize, Soybean, and Groundnut. The second factor is moulching maize consists of four levels ie; control, without mulch, mulching maize 5 ton ha-1 and mulching maize 10 ton ha-1. The results showed that the treatment of types of plants affected the exchangeable K. There is an interaction between types of plants and mulching maize towards the available P.

Performance After Planting of Four Types of Container-grown Lodgepole Pine Seedlings

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Endean ◽  
D. Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Environment Experiment

Four types of container-grown lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings differing in age and rearing regime were transplanted into a controlled laboratory environment and into the field. After 12 weeks, seedlings were excavated and stem length and dry weight of shoot and roots were measured, these and derived parameters were compared with values obtained at the time of planting. Survival was uniformly high, the largest seedlings prior to planting performed best under all conditions. In the controlled environment experiment, initial shoot weight, total weight, and ratio of shoot weight/shoot length were significantly correlated with final root weight, an important factor in initial establishment; in addition shoot and total weight increment were significantly and positively correlated with initial shoot/root ratio. In the field no overall significant correlations were obtained. Shoot/root ratio decreased slightly in the controlled environment and significantly in the field after outplanting. Results suggest that the largest plant which can be grown and planted economically shows largest increment and achieves largest final total dry weight and root dry weight in the first growing season after outplanting. The need for a physiological rather than morphological grading of seedlings is stressed.

scholarly journals Postharvest Quarantine Treatments for Diaphorina citri on Infested Curry Leaves

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 926-932
Author(s):  
D. J. Anco ◽  
G. H. Poole ◽  
T. R. Gottwald
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Curry Leaves ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Design Experiments ◽  
Plot Design

Studies were conducted to evaluate treatments that reduce survival and attachment of Diaphorina citri nymphs on infested curry leaves (Bergera koenigii). Decontamination of curry leaves infested with D. citri in relation to disinfectant (none or Pro-San), temperature (0, 40, and 50°C), and treatment duration (0, 5, 10, and 20 min) was examined using a split-split plot design. Experiments were performed three times. Treatment duration did not significantly affect D. citri nymph survival or removal (P > 0.2). Temperature and disinfectant each significantly affected D. citri nymph survival and removal (P < 0.031). The interaction of temperature and disinfectant was significant with respect to nymph survival (P < 0.0001) but did not significantly affect removal (P = 0.4589). Tissue damage was significantly affected by temperature (P = 0.0056), duration (P = 0.0023), the interaction of temperature and duration (P = 0.0320), and the interaction of disinfectant, temperature, and duration (P = 0.0410). Of the treatments resulting in 100% D. citri nymph mortality on infested curry leaves, 40°C for 5 min with Pro-San was accompanied with the least proportion of curry leaf tissue damage (0.14 greater than untreated control, P = 0.25). Results from these studies may be useful in formulation of future regulatory policies regarding trade of citrus foliage, especially those used as condiments.

scholarly journals Phenological development in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) transferred from 14 to 11 h photoperiods

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Linnemann
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Intermediate Value ◽  
Fractional Distribution ◽  
Plot Design

SUMMARYAspects of the photoregulation of phenological development in bambara groundnut were studied in a glasshouse experiment in The Netherlands. The influence of a 14 h photoperiod (which retards podding) during a period of variable length prior to an 11 h photoperiod (which induces podding) on flowering, yield and on the position of pods on the plants was determined. The third generation of three plants of genotype ‘Ankpa 4’ from Nigeria was used as the split-plot factor in a split-plot design with three replicates. The main plots were four daylength treatments: a period of 21, 28, 41 or 54 days under the 14 h photoperiod before transference to the 11 h photoperiod. Plants transferred after 28 or more days started flowering sooner the earlier they were transferred. Plants transferred after 21 and 28 days began flowering at the same time (51 days after sowing), thus indicating juvenility. At harvest, 135 days after sowing, the total seed dry weight per plant was higher for plants transferred after 41 and 54 days than for plants transferred after 21 days. Plants transferred after 28 days gave an intermediate value. Most (79–91%) pods were produced on branches that developed on nodes 1–4 of the main axis. There were no differences in the fractional distribution of the pods along the main axis in plants transferred after 28 or more days. Pods of plants transferred after 21 and 28 days were more evenly distributed over the nodes of the first two primary branches than pods of plants transferred after 41 and 54 days. Plants of the latter treatments produced their pods more towards the tips of the branches and concentrated on two neighbouring nodes (nodes 5 and 6 for plants transferred after 41 days and nodes 6 and 7 for plants transferred after 54 days). Delaying the induction of podding in this experiment therefore resulted in higher seed yields per plant and a more synchronized development and hence maturity of pods.

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