scholarly journals Phenological development in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) transferred from 14 to 11 h photoperiods

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Linnemann
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Intermediate Value ◽  
Fractional Distribution ◽  
Plot Design

SUMMARYAspects of the photoregulation of phenological development in bambara groundnut were studied in a glasshouse experiment in The Netherlands. The influence of a 14 h photoperiod (which retards podding) during a period of variable length prior to an 11 h photoperiod (which induces podding) on flowering, yield and on the position of pods on the plants was determined. The third generation of three plants of genotype ‘Ankpa 4’ from Nigeria was used as the split-plot factor in a split-plot design with three replicates. The main plots were four daylength treatments: a period of 21, 28, 41 or 54 days under the 14 h photoperiod before transference to the 11 h photoperiod. Plants transferred after 28 or more days started flowering sooner the earlier they were transferred. Plants transferred after 21 and 28 days began flowering at the same time (51 days after sowing), thus indicating juvenility. At harvest, 135 days after sowing, the total seed dry weight per plant was higher for plants transferred after 41 and 54 days than for plants transferred after 21 days. Plants transferred after 28 days gave an intermediate value. Most (79–91%) pods were produced on branches that developed on nodes 1–4 of the main axis. There were no differences in the fractional distribution of the pods along the main axis in plants transferred after 28 or more days. Pods of plants transferred after 21 and 28 days were more evenly distributed over the nodes of the first two primary branches than pods of plants transferred after 41 and 54 days. Plants of the latter treatments produced their pods more towards the tips of the branches and concentrated on two neighbouring nodes (nodes 5 and 6 for plants transferred after 41 days and nodes 6 and 7 for plants transferred after 54 days). Delaying the induction of podding in this experiment therefore resulted in higher seed yields per plant and a more synchronized development and hence maturity of pods.

scholarly journals Tolerance and determinants of drought character descriptors of the Madurese landrace bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah ◽  
ARIFFIN ARIFFIN ◽  
ARDIARINI NOER RAHMI ◽  
KUSWANTO KUSWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Genotypic Cluster ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract. Fatimah S, Ariffin, Rahmi AN, Kuswanto. 2020. Tolerance and determinants of drought character descriptors of the Madurese landrace bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea). Biodiversitas 21: 3108-3116. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is legume of African origin overlooked in Indonesia. It has underdeveloped in Indonesia; for example, in East Java, it is only cultivated in Gresik, Lamongan, and Bangkalan of Madura. This plant can potentially be developed in dry lands, such as Madura as it has the ability to grow and develop well in a dry environment with low nutrient level. At present, there are sparse researches on the selection and determination of the drought-tolerant character descriptors of bambara groundnut in Indonesia. The present study used the expected lines of bambara groundnut selected from local lines of various regions in Indonesia using the nested design. The results showed that the drought stress treatment led to stunted growth of 12 bambara groundnut genotypes, including the number of leaves, plant height, canopy diameter, leaf thickness, number of flowers, number of stems or branches, number of internodes, length of leaf stems, root length, root wet weight, canopy wet weight, canopy dry weight, root dry weight, and leaf chlorophyll content. However, drought leads to a slight increase in the width and length of the stomata opening and leaf proline contents. The cluster analysis based on stress index and sensitivity index can classify 3 expected lines originating from Gresik Regency (G1, G2, G3), falling into the drought stress-tolerant category. Accumulated proline contents cannot be used as a descriptor of tolerance to drought stresses in bambara groundnut since the expected lines with an increase in proline contents in leaves during drought stresses based on the cluster analysis do not fall into the genotypic cluster tolerant to drought stresses.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation and Herbicides on Most Tenacious Weed Cyperus rotundus in Wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Kairovin Lakra
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Clodinafop Propargyl ◽  
Plot Design

To manage the Cyperus rotundus (Purple nut sedge.) is a troublesome, economically damaging weed, widely naturalized in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. A field experiment was done at Students Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U.P).The study was conducted to investigate the competitive effects of C. rotundus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under varying irrigation regimes and herbicides in field conditions at Kanpur during Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 in a split plot design.  The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four irrigation schedule viz. irrigation at CRI and active tillering stage (I1), irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2), CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and  irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage (I4) were assigned to main plots and weed management practices viz. W1-weedy check, W2-two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, W3-sulfosulfuron @25 g/ha , W4- pendimethalin (pre emergence) fbWCPL-15(clodinafop- propargyl 15 %) @400 g/ha , W5- carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG @ 100 g/ha , W6- halauxafen + penxasulam 23.5% @ 75 g/ha , W7- halauxafen - methyl 1.21% w/w + fluroxypyr @  and W8- clodinafop- propargyl 15% + metsulfuron 1% @ 400 g/ha  were allocated to sub plots. Application of two irrigations at CRI and active tillering stage (I1) significantly reduced the density of C. rotundus and their fresh and dry weight with highest weed control efficiency (WCE) over irrigation at CRI+ jointing+ booting+ flowering+ milking stage (I4), irrigation at CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2). However, maximum yield was recorded with the application of five irrigation at CRI+ jointing+ booting+ flowering+ milking stage (I4). Among herbicidal treatments, lowest density, fresh and dry weight of C. rotundus with  the highest WCE resulted in higher  yield of wheat was recorded with the application of carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG as post emergence (35 DAS) at 100 g/ha as compared to other treatments. However, none of the herbicidal treatments as effective as hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS.

Maltol protects against infection of lodgepole pine seedlings by western gall rust

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1658-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Blenis ◽  
Kathleen L. Wiggins ◽  
James E. Cunningham ◽  
Michael A. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Seedling Infection ◽  
Plot Design

Uptake and translocation of maltol into 6-week-old Pinusconforta (Engelm.) var. latifolia seedlings was followed by means of gas chromatography. Maltol concentrations of 6.0–7.3 mg/g seedling dry weight (46–55 μg/seedling) were observed over the first 3 days following a single application of 50 mg maltol/seedling. A split-plot design was used to determine if maltol could reduce seedling infection by Endocronartiumharknessii. Whole plots consisted of two inoculum levels (7 or 30 mg of spores per tray of seedlings) and subplots consisted of four levels of maltol (0, 2, 10, or 40 mg/mL) applied 2 days before inoculation to one-half tray of seedlings at the rate of 5 mL/cavity. The highest concentration consistently and significantly reduced seedling infection relative to the untreated control, although it also caused some phytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Development of Selection Indices for Improvement of Seed Yield and Lipid Composition in Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Razlin Azman Halimi ◽  
Carolyn A. Raymond ◽  
Bronwyn J. Barkla ◽  
Sean Mayes ◽  
Graham J. King
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Seed Lipid ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Selection Indices

The underutilised grain legume bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) has the potential to contribute significantly to nutritional security. However, the lack of commercial cultivars has hindered its wider adoption and utilisation as a food source. The development of competitive cultivars is impeded by (1) lack of systematic data describing variation in nutritional composition within the gene pool, and (2) a poor understanding of how concentrations of different nutritional components interact. In this study, we analysed seed lipid and protein concentration and lipid composition within a collection of 100 lines representing the global gene pool. Seed protein and lipid varied over twofold with a normal distribution, but no significant statistical correlation was detected between the two components. Seed lipid concentration (4.2–8.8 g/100 g) is primarily determined by the proportion of oleic acid (r2 = 0.45). Yield and composition data for a subset of 40 lines were then used to test selection parameters for high yielding, high lipid breeding lines. From five selection indices tested using 15 scenarios, an index based on the seed number, seed weight, and oleic acid yielded a > 50% expected increase in each of the mean values of seed number, pod dry weight, seed dry weight, and seed size, as well as an expected 7% increase in seed lipid concentration.

scholarly journals Respons Tanaman Bawang Merah terhadap Pemupukan Fosfat pada Beberapa Tingkat Kesuburan Lahan (Status P-Tanah)

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sumarni ◽  
R Rosliani ◽  
R S Basuki ◽  
Yusdar Hilman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Optimum Dosage ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Bulb Yield ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRAK. Pemupukan sebaiknya didasarkan pada kebutuhan tanaman akan unsur hara dan kandungan hara dalam tanah, agar diperoleh hasil yang optimal. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mendapatkan dosis optimal pupuk P pada dua varietas bawang merah pada beberapa tingkat kesuburan tanah (status P-tanah). Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang, dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Desember 2008. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah split-split plot design dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama ialah varietas bawang merah, terdiri atas varietas Bangkok dan Kuning. Anak petak ialah kandungan/status P-tanah (Bray 1), terdiri atas rendah (&lt;15 ppm P2O5), sedang (16–25 ppm P2O5), dan tinggi (&gt;26 ppm P2O5). Anak-anak petak ialah dosis pupuk P (P2O5), terdiri atas 0, 60, 120, 180, dan 240 kg/ha. Pupuk N dan K diberikan sebagai pupuk dasar dengan dosis N 150 kg/ha dan K2O 150 kg/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara varietas, status P-tanah, dan dosis pupuk P terhadap luas daun, bobot umbi segar, dan bobot umbi kering eskip per tanaman, serta serapan P tanaman bawang merah. Pada status P-tanah rendah dan sedang, dosis optimal pupuk P untuk varietas Bangkok dan Kuning masih belum diketahui, karena kurva respons hubungan antara dosis pupuk P dan hasil umbi kering eskip masih linier. Pada status P-tanah tinggi, hubungan antara dosis pupuk P dan hasil umbi kering eskip varietas Bangkok ataupun Kuning bersifat kuadratik. Hasil umbi kering eskip maksimal diperoleh dengan dosis pupuk P sebesar 126,50 kg/ha P2O5 untuk varietas Bangkok dan 0 kg/ha P2O5 untuk varietas Kuning. Makin tinggi dosis pupuk P yang diberikan, maka makin tinggi pula residu pupuk P terdeteksi dalam tanah. Implikasi hasil penelitian ialah kebutuhan  pupuk P yang optimal pada bawang merah berbeda bergantung pada status P-tanah dan varietas yang digunakan.<br /><br />ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N, Rosliani, R, Basuki, RS,  and Hilman, Y 2012. Response of Shallots Plant to Phosphat Fertilization on Several Soil Fertility Levels (Soil-P Status). To achieve an optimum yield, fertilization should be applied based on plant nutrient requirement and soil nutrient content. This experiment was carried out at Screenhouse of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from May to December 2008, to find out the optimum dosage of P fertilizer for two shallots varieties on several soil fertility levels (soil-P status). A split-split plot design with three replications was set up for this experiment. Main plots were shallots varieties i.e.: Bangkok and Kuning. Subplots were three soil-P statuses i.e.: low (&lt;15 ppm P2O5), medium (16–25 ppm P2O5), and high (&gt;26 ppm P2O5). Sub-subplots were five levels of P fertilizer dosage of 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg/ha P2O5. Nitrogen fertilizer of 150 kg/ha and K fertilizer (K2O) of 150 kg/ha were applied to all. The results showed that there were interaction effect among varieties, soil-P status, and P fertilizer dosages influencing leaf area, fresh, and dry weight of bulb yield, and P uptake by shallots plant. The optimal dosage of P fertilizer for Bangkok and Kuning varieties on low and medium of soil-P status was still unknown yet, since the relation response curve of relationship between P fertilizer dosages and dry bulb yield was still linear. Meanwhile, in high of soil-P status, the response curve was quadratic for both Bangkok and Kuning varieties. The maximum dry bulb yield was obtained by 126.50 kg/ha P2O5 for Bangkok and 0 kg/ha P2O5 for Kuning. The higher of P fertilizer dosage applied, the higher of residual of P fertilizer detected in soil. The optimum dosage of P fertilizer for shallots production was different depend on variety and soil-P status.<br />

scholarly journals The Effect of Spraying Fertilizer NPK in the Growth Properties and Yield in Three Varieties of Peas Pisium sativum L

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Mhmood Thamer abd ◽  
Haider Rezaq Leiby ◽  
Salam Hassan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Plot Design

The experiment has been conducted at of  Al Bandar's station affiliated to all University of Al-Muthanna / college of agriculture during the season of  2015-2016 to study the effect of spraying NPK  foliar in the growth and yields of three varieties of split peas (Pisium sativum L). Experiment has been designed at  a split plot design within a randomized complete sectors (R.C.B.D.) with three replications. Have been distributed three varieties  Bonn Basque , Salkopou and Voksbonne in the main panels with three concentrations of spraying Foliar NPK (27-27-27) on the shoots (0, 5. 10 ml/ltr -1 ) in the secondary panels, the results show that the dry weight of vegetation differed significantly between the varieties under study where Bonn Basque recorded a highest weight of shoot which is 21.85 g while the product has been scored Voksbonne less weight, reaching 6.09 g, while the plants sprayed with the solution process recorded NPK which contributed to weight gain Dry where by concentrate  10 ml / l higher weight record which is 15.36 g as compared with non-sprayedplants .It is no ted that the search results of leaves , content of chlorophyll may log vegetative weight in the category Salkopou which is amounted to 34.86, while the class recorded Voksbonne less weight 32.23 g while the resultsof the spray using the solution NPK with a demonstrated focus of 10 ml / l higher content of chlorophyll recipe number Alqrnat in plant and Albdhur.aly Qurna weight have shown results of the experiment cultivar has surpassed Bonn Basque the highest number Qrnat while the class has recorded Voksbonne less weight while spraying the solution NPK increase of the number of Alqrnat as well as the seeds of the horn weight where the excelled focus 10 ml / liter on the rest of the concentrations used . 0.7tons / ha superior results also show the superiority of class BonneBusk recipe for winning the overall, scoring the highest quotient amounted to 0.69 tons / ha Panama show spraying brine concentrate NPK 10 ml / l holds on the rest of concentration

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Kompos Jerami terhadap Pertumbuhan Dua Varietas Padi Gogo (Oryza sativa L.) pada Tanah Ultisol

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Faridah Faridah ◽  
Erida Nurahmi ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plot Design

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan diTaman Teknologi Pertanian (TTP) Jantho Kecamatan Kota Jantho, Kabupaten Aceh Besar, dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, yang berlangsung sejakbulan Agustus hingga Desember 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah (split plot design), dengan dua faktor yaitu dosis pupuk kompos jerami dan varietas. Dosis pupuk kompos jerami menjadi petak utama yang terdiri atas 3 taraf yaitu (kontrol, 10 dan 20 ton ha-1), varietas menjadi anak petak yang terdiri atas 2 taraf yaitu (Situ Patenggang dan Sanbei). Peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, dan berat berangkasan kering. Perlakuan dosis pupuk kompos jerami berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada umur 4 dan 8 MST. Perlakuan varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah daun pada umur 4 dan 8 MST. Terdapat interaksi antara kompos jerami dan varietas terhadap jumlah anakan, jumlah daun dan berat berangkasan kering. Dosis pupuk kompos jerami yang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan padi gogo  pada tanah ultisol adalah 20 ton ha-1. Pertumbuhan padi gogo terbaik pada tanah ultisol dijumpai pada varietas sanbei. Kombinasi terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan padi gogo pada tanah ultisol adalah dosis pupuk kompos jerami 20 ton ha-1 dengan varietas sanbei.The Effect of Straw Compost Fertilizer on the Growth of Two Gogo Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in Ultisol SoilAbstract. This research was conducted in the Agricultural Technology Park (ATP) of Jantho, Kota Jantho Subdistrict, Aceh Besar Regency, and Laboratory of Plant Physiology at the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, which lasted from August to December 2016. The study used a split plot design, with two factors are doses of straw compost fertilizer and varieties. The doses of straw compost became the main plot consisting of 3 levels, namely (control, 10 and 20 tons ha1), the varieties being subplots consisting of 2 levels namely (Situ Patenggang and Sanbei). The variables observed included plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, and dry weight. The treatment of straw compost doses significantly affected plant height at age 4 and 8 WAP. The treatment of varieties had a very significant effect on the number of leaves at ages 4 and 8 WAP. There were interactions between straw compost and varieties on the number of tillers, number of leaves and weight of dry stover. The best dose of straw compost for padigogo growth in ultisol soil is 20 tons ha-1. The best growth of upland rice on ultisol soil was found in sanbei varieties. The best combination of the growth of upland rice on ultisol soil is the dose of straw compost fertilizer 20 tons ha-1 with varieties of sanbei.

scholarly journals STUDY ON BAMBOO RHIZOBACTERIA TO RED ONION VARIETY GROWTH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Agrivet ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yekti Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Plot Design

The research was conducted in Gamol, Balecatur, Gamping, Sleman regency, Indonesia. The research aimed to study bamboo rhizobacteria to red onion three variety growth. The research was arranged in a Split Plot Design. The main factor was red onion variety, namely Bima, Biru and Thailand. The sub factor was bamboo rhizobacteria concentration, include 0%, 0.75% and 1.5%. The variables include hight of plant, number of leave, number of plant, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plan. Data were analysed by analysis of variance of 5% significance level. The results that there wasn’t interaction between the red onion variety and bamboo rhizobacteria on all of variables. Rhizobacteria bamboo increase Sum Growth Rate and Tolerance Index. Thailand Variety of red onion put up the highest Sum Growth Rate.Key words: red onion, varietas, bamboo, rhizobacteria, growth

scholarly journals Utilization of Bio Slurry with Input of Buffalo Faeces and Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) With Various Doses of MOD (Microorganism Decomposer) on Productivity of Daun Kupu-kupu (Bauhinia Purpurea)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buntora Situmorang ◽  
Tri Hesti Wahyuni ◽  
Nurzainah Ginting ◽  
Hasnudi ◽  
Armyn Hakim Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Bauhinia Purpurea ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes ◽  
Plot Design

This study aims to determine effects of utilization of Bio-Gas Slurry With buffalo Feces Input And water hyacinth with Various Dosage MOD (Microorganisme Decomposer) on Productivity of Bauhinia Purpurea. Research conducted at the field experimental, Samosir Sumatra Utara in April-November 2017. The design used in the study was split plot design with four replications. First factor (M): dosage decomposer, M1= 1 liters/150 kg and M2= 2 liters/150 kg. Second factor (P): dosage was fertilizier of Bio-Gas Slurry With buffalo Feces Input And water hyacinth(ton/ha/year), P0=0, P1=20, P2=40. The variable were studied fresh weight production, dry weight production, plant height and number of leaves. The results showed that dosage decomposer and dosage of fertilizer Bio-Gas Slurry significantly affect plant height, fresh weight production, dry weight production, and number of leaves Bauhinia Purpurea. The utilization of Bio-Gas With buffalo Feces Input And water hyacinth with Various Dosage MOD affect fresh weight production, dry weight production, plant height and number of leaves. It is concluded that dosage 2 liter/150 kg and application 40 ton/ha/year show higher on production of Bauhinia Purpurea.

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