Heritability of in vitro characteristics and correlation with field performance in Pinusradiata

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1944-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Bergmann ◽  
Anne-Marie Stomp ◽  
Sue D. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Almost All

Twenty-nine full-sib crosses were used in an in vitro adventitious shoot production trial with Pinusradiata D. Don. Analyses with four pairs of reciprocal crosses showed that seed-size effects are significant for seed weight prior to tissue culture and embryo weight after 6 days in vitro. However, no significant influence of initial seed size was found on any other interim tissue-culture trait or on final shoot production. Narrow-sense heritabilities, calculated using nine half-sib families each comprising two full-sib crosses, were high for most tissue culture traits. For number of shoots per embryo they were 0.53 ± 0.22 based on individuals and 0.94 based on family means. Subsets of the families used in the tissue-culture study were represented in two field trials. One included parents of 11 of the control-pollinated families, and one included offspring from 13 of the control-pollinated families. Nine families were common to both field trials. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined between each of 13 in vitro traits and six field characteristics measured in one trial and seven traits in the other trial (five traits in common between the two field trials). Almost all correlations were nonsignificant. The significant correlations found were fewer than the number to be expected by chance alone when calculating such a large number of correlations. Thus, this study provides no evidence for significant associations between the in vitro traits measured, including frequency of highly proliferative embryos and shoot production per embryo, and the field characteristics assessed, including diameter, straightness, malformation, branch habit, needle retention, percent acceptable stems, Dothistroma resistance, and pilodyn rating.

scholarly journals Rejuvenation of chicory and lettuce plants following phase change in tissue culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Conner ◽  
Helen Searle ◽  
Jeanne M. E. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
In Vitro Flowering ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Cell And Tissue Culture

Abstract Background A frequent problem associated with the tissue culture of Compositae species such as chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the premature bolting to in vitro flowering of regenerated plants. Plants exhibiting such phase changes have poor survival and poor seed set upon transfer from tissue culture to greenhouse conditions. This can result in the loss of valuable plant lines following applications of cell and tissue culture for genetic manipulation. Results This study demonstrates that chicory and lettuce plants exhibiting stable in vitro flowering can be rejuvenated by a further cycle of adventitious shoot regeneration from cauline leaves. The resulting rejuvenated plants exhibit substantially improved performance following transfer to greenhouse conditions, with increased frequency of plant survival, a doubling of the frequency of plants that flowered, and substantially increased seed production. Conclusion As soon as in vitro flowering is observed in unique highly-valued chicory and lettuce lines, a further cycle of adventitious shoot regeneration from cauline leaves should be implemented to induce rejuvenation. This re-establishes a juvenile phase accompanied by in vitro rosette formation, resulting in substantially improved survival, flowering and seed set in a greenhouse, thereby ensuring the recovery of future generations from lines genetically manipulated in cell and tissue culture.

scholarly journals Prediction of crude protein digestibility of animal by-product meals for dogs by the protein solubility in pepsin method

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris M. Kawauchi ◽  
Nilva K. Sakomura ◽  
Cristiana F. F. Pontieri ◽  
Aline Rebelato ◽  
Thaila C. Putarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAnimal by-product meals have large variability in crude protein (CP) content and digestibility. In vivo digestibility procedures are precise but laborious, and in vitro methods could be an alternative to evaluate and classify these ingredients. The present study reports prediction equations to estimate the CP digestibility of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PM) using the protein solubility in pepsin method (PSP). Total tract CP digestibility of eight MBM and eight PM samples was determined in dogs by the substitution method. A basal diet was formulated for dog maintenance, and sixteen diets were produced by mixing 70 % of the basal diet and 30 % of each tested meal. Six dogs per diet were used to determine ingredient digestibility. In addition, PSP of the MBM and PM samples was determined using three pepsin concentrations: 0·02, 0·002 and 0·0002 %. The CP content of MBM and PM ranged from 39 to 46 % and 57 to 69 %, respectively, and their mean CP digestibility by dogs was 76 (2·4) and 85 (2·6) %, respectively. The pepsin concentration with higher Pearson correlation coefficients with the in vivo results were 0·0002 % for MBM (r 0·380; P = 0·008) and 0·02 % for PM (r 0·482; P = 0·005). The relationship between the in vivo and in vitro results was better explained by the following equations: CP digestibility of MBM = 61·7 + 0·2644 × PSP at 0·0002 % (P = 0·008; R2 0·126); and CP digestibility of PM = 54·1 + 0·3833 × PSP at 0·02 % (P = 0·005; R2 0·216). Although significant, the coefficients of determination were low, indicating that the models were weak and need to be used with caution.

SHOOT TISSUE CULTURE OF APPLE: COMPARATIVE RESPONSE OF FIVE CULTIVARS TO CYTOKININ AND AUXIN

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. LANE ◽  
J. M. McDOUGALD
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Comparative Response ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Rooting Response ◽  
Scion Cultivar

Shoot cultures of five apple cultivars, M.27, M.9, M.26, MM.111 and Macspur, a strain of McIntosh, were established in vitro and their response to different concentrations of cytokinin (benzyladenine, BA) and auxin (naphtheleneacetic acid, NAA) were measured. At the three BA concentrations tested (1.0, 5.0 and 10 μM) cultivars differed in the number of shoots produced and in their requirements for BA for optimum shoot production. M.27 produced the most shoots followed by Macspur, M.9 and M.26. The best concentration of BA for shoot production was 5.0 μM for Macspur and M.26 but slightly higher for M.27 and M.9. Rooting response was tested at NAA concentrations of 0.1, 0.33, 1.0, 3.3, 10 and 33 μM. The range of concentrations in which rootstock cultivars rooted was broader than for the scion cultivar Macspur and the percent rooting of rootstocks (about 85%) was higher than Macspur (58%). The most rooting occurred at 1.0 or 3.3 μM NAA. M.9 produced callus, which prevented rooting, when chronically exposed to NAA so a procedure of acute treatment was used. This allowed root initials to form but avoided callogenesis. Possible reasons for the different responses of the cultivars to cytokinin and auxin are discussed.

scholarly journals Co-culture with leukemia cells decreases proliferation and increases chemoprotective capacity of normal mesenchymal stromal cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixia Hou ◽  
Wanfang Yang ◽  
Yaofang Zhang ◽  
Xiuhua Chen ◽  
Fanggang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Healthy Donor ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Functional Components

Abstract Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are essential structural and functional components of the BM microenvironment and play an important role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis. BM-MSCs isolated from AML patients (AML-MSCs) show distinct signatures from normal BM-MSCs. However, the exact abnormalities of AML-MSCs and the origin of these abnormalities are still unknown.Methods In this study, we evaluated the proliferative activity of AML-MSCs, and the influence of leukemia cells (LCs) on BM-MSCs. These two cell types were co-cultured using an in vitro co-culture system, and the biological functions of AML-MSCs, healthy donor derived MSCs (HD-MSCs), and LC-treated HD-MSCs (LCtrHD-MSCs) were compared by flow cytometry, and CCK-8 and chemotaxis assays. Student t-test (between two groups) and one-way ANOVA (more than 2 groups) were used to compare differences. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess correlations between two factors.Results AML-MSCs display a significant proliferative deficiency, which correlates with primary leukemic blast cell counts but not with patients’ age. Inhibition of BM-MSC proliferation could be induced by leukemia cells through direct contact. Co-cultured leukemia cells also increase expression of several inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines in BM-MSCs. Furthermore, LCtrHD-MSCs reduced apoptosis, and increased migration and chemoresistance in co-cultured AML cells, comparable with AML-MSCs.Conclusions Our results showed that leukemia cells can induce healthy donor derived BM-MSCs to exhibit AML-MSC-like characteristics and indicated that AML-MSC abnormalities may be partly induced by leukemia cells.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Enamel Shades and Thickness on Chroma and Value of Dentin Vita Shade: An in vitro Comparative Assessment Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Meena ◽  
Deepak Mehta ◽  
Noor Saira Wajid Najma Hajira ◽  
P Ashwini ◽  
HL Usha
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Optimum Thickness ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRACT Background The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of different enamel shades of various thickness on chroma and value of vita shade of dentin. Materials and methods Three enamel composite resin shades (Enamel white, grey and neutral) and one dentin shade (A2) from Amelogen Plus (Ultradent) was used. Ninety Enamel disk specimens of 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mm thickness and 10 mm in diameter for each shade and 90 dentin disk specimens of 2 mm in thickness and 10 mm in diameter was used for the study. The spectrophotometric values of the dentin shade with and without enamel specimens were recorded and the values were converted to CIE L*a*b values. Results Statistical analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficients to verify the effect of thickness on Chroma and value, and the significance was evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Two way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc was done to verify the variation within the groups. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between thickness and chroma and a negative correlation between thickness and value. There was a statistically significant variation in between the groups. Conclusion All groups produced a significant increase in chroma with increase in thickness of enamel shade upto a thickness of 0.75 mm after which the behavior of each shade was erratic. Hence, the optimum thickness would be 0.75 mm. All groups produced a significant decrease in value with increase in thickness of enamel shade. Enamel white produced the greatest reduction in value, enamel neutral the least and enamel grey demonstrated an intermediate result. Clinical significance There is a need to have a knowledge of the effect on chroma and value when dentin is layered with different enamel shades, it is also important to understand the effect of these enamel shades at different thicknesses to better control the color and reproduce esthetic simulating natural teeth. How to cite this article Hajira NSWN, Mehta D, Ashwini P, Meena N, Usha HL. Influence of Different Enamel Shades and Thickness on Chroma and Value of Dentin Vita Shade: An in vitro Comparative Assessment Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(4):304-309.

In vitro digestibility of the testa in tannin-free field beans (Vicia faba L.)

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Testa Colour ◽  
D Value

SummaryThe seed-coat of all white-flowered varieties of Vicia faba and segregants tested was free of tannin. In two field trials, the whole grain of white-flowered varieties wassignificantly higher in in vitro digestibility of the dry matter, on average 4·7% higher, than coloured-flowered varieties of similar seed size. In subsequent trials where the testa and cotyledon were examined separately, this difference was shown to be largely due to a mean D value (digestibility of the organic matter) of the testa in tannin-free varieties of 56·4% compared with 17·2% in tannin-containing varieties. Seed size was positively correlated with D value but not because of differing proportions of testa.Differences between varieties in acid-pepsin solubility and protein content of the testa were much smaller and not associated with presence of tannin. The testa colour of some tannin-free F2 plants was a darker shade of grey than either parental population. An inbred line completely lacking in anthocyanin in flowers and stem but with the normal black wing spot had tannin in its testa.Grains of peas from the coloured-flowered variety, Minerva, reacted to a tannin test wheieas those from white-flowered varieties, Greenshaft and Flavanda, did not.The case for breeding further tannin-free varieties of Vicia faba is discussed.

scholarly journals Relative validity of an FFQ to estimate daily food and nutrient intakes for Chilean adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1782-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Dehghan ◽  
Solange Martinez ◽  
Xiaohe Zhang ◽  
Pamela Seron ◽  
Fernando Lanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Almost All

AbstractObjectiveFFQ are commonly used to rank individuals by their food and nutrient intakes in large epidemiological studies. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate an FFQ to rank individuals participating in an ongoing Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study in Chile.DesignAn FFQ and four 24 h dietary recalls were completed over 1 year. Pearson correlation coefficients, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlations and weighted kappa were computed between the dietary recalls and the FFQ. The level of agreement between the two dietary assessment methods was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis.SettingTemuco, Chile.SubjectsOverall, 166 women and men enrolled in the present study. One hundred men and women participated in FFQ development and sixty-six individuals participated in FFQ validation.ResultsThe FFQ consisted of 109 food items. For nutrients, the crude correlation coefficients between the dietary recalls and FFQ varied from 0·14 (protein) to 0·44 (fat). Energy adjustment and de-attenuation improved correlation coefficients and almost all correlation coefficients exceeded 0·40. Similar correlation coefficients were observed for food groups; the highest de-attenuated energy-adjusted correlation coefficient was found for margarine and butter (0·75) and the lowest for potatoes (0·12).ConclusionsThe FFQ showed moderate to high agreement for most nutrients and food groups, and can be used to rank individuals based on energy, nutrient and food intakes. The validation study was conducted in a unique setting and indicated that the tool is valid for use by adults in Chile.

Strategies to propagate Vaccinium nuclear stocks for the Canadian berry industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir C Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Gene Conservation ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Clonal Multiplication

Vacinium fruits are genetically heterozygous species characterized as “not coming true from seed”. Conventional methods for vegetative propagation of these species, although successful, are slow and labour-intensive, and few propagules can be produced from one plant of a selected clone or hybrid. Micropropagation techniques are important for clonal multiplication, germplasm im provement and gene conservation of Vaccinium fruits cultivated in Canada including blueberries, cranberries and lingonberries. In vitro propagation of these species using axillary bud proliferation and adventitious shoot regeneration has been investigated in a number of studies. Morphogenesis seems to be highly dependent on plant growth regulators and media used for culture, and this dependence is genotype specific. The paper presents the progress in-depth of various aspects of the in vitro culture of Canadian Vaccinium species for their commercial production. Also discussed are techniques for clone rejuvenation and plant tissue culture for mass propagation of Canadian Vaccinium nuclear stocks. Key words: Blueberry, cranberry, lingonberry, micropropagation, regeneration, morphology

scholarly journals Population fluctuation and food preference of African snail by horticulture crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindinalva dos Santos ◽  
Carla Ruth de Carvalho Barbosa-Negrisoli ◽  
Maciel Bispo dos Santos ◽  
Aldomário Santo Negrisoli Junior
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Preference Tests

ABSTRACT: The African snail Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822), originally from Africa, was introduced in Brazil and since then became an important pest, because of its resistance to abiotic conditions, hermaphroditism, polyphagia and absence of natural enemies. Considered as one of the 100 worst pests in the world, with the record of establishment in almost all Brazilian states, it causes sanitary, ecological and economic losses. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the population dynamics and food preference of the giant snail in three areas of lettuce, located in Alagoas, Brazil. There was no statistical difference between food preference tests with and without choice among the varieties offered. To the fluctuation of the population of A. fulica, the Pearson correlation coefficients were negative only for temperature, and there was no correlation with precipitation and relative humidity.

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