A comparison of economic impact assessment methods: the case of forestry developments in Alberta

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaki RR Alavalapati ◽  
Wiktor L Adamowicz ◽  
William A White
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
Economic Impact Assessment

Economic impacts of forestry developments in Alberta are estimated using two interindustry approaches. The results suggest that estimates derived from input-output (I-O) models differ from those of computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. Employment and GDP estimates derived from CGE models are much smaller than those of I-O models. Unlike I-O estimates, estimates derived from CGE models are not unidirectional because of general equilibrium effects. The results also indicate that CGE models provide greater flexibility and have more potential for forest policy analysis when compared with I-O models, but they should be used with caution.

Economic Impact Assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Getz
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
Cge Modelling ◽  
Economic Impact Assessment ◽  
Event Tourism

Concepts for understanding economic impacts, and valid methods of assessment are well developed. In fact, there is so much information available that this is the largest chapter in the book – not the most important. A thorough and accessible reference on the subject is the book Tourism Economics and Policy by Dwyer, Forsyth and Dwyer (2010) as it contains a full chapter on events. Event Tourism (Getz, 2013) also covers economic impact assessment in detail. There have been well-documented problems with economic impact assessments for tourism and events (Matheson, 2002; Matheson and Baade, 2003; Crompton and McKay, 2004; Tyrell & Ismail, 2005; Crompton, 2006; Davies et al., 2013), pertaining to both how they are done and the purposes they serve. Dwyer and Jago (2014, p.130) identified three main types of criticisms associated with the assessment of the economic impacts of events, commencing with the exaggeration of benefits owing to either deliberate manipulation or faulty methods. Attention has often focused on the use of Input-Output tables to formulate ‘multipliers’, a practice which leads to exaggerated benefits, with a number of scholars preferring Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling. Most fundamental is the frequent failure to consider all costs and benefits, leading to calls for more comprehensive cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Most economic IAs have utilized only a narrow range of metrics, but even more unfortunate is the continued reliance on multipliers and econometric models, as these ‘black-box’ approaches tend to exaggerate imputed benefits while ignoring costs and equity issues. This is certainly not in keeping with principles of social responsibility and sustainability.

Constructing a Database for Computable General Equilibrium Modeling of Sydney, Australia, Transport Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 2606 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Edward Robson ◽  
Vinayak V. Dixit
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Table ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
Level Of Aggregation ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Sydney Australia

In the search for benefits to justify transport projects, economic appraisals have increasingly incorporated the valuation of impacts to the wider economy. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models provide a framework to estimate these impacts by simulating the interactions of urban economies and transport networks. In CGE models, households and firms are represented by microeconomic behavioral functions, and markets adjust according to prices. As markets both inside and outside the transport network are taken into account, a wide variety of measures that can assist in economic appraisals can be extracted. However, urban CGE models are computationally burdensome and require detailed, spatially disaggregate data. This paper discusses the methodology used to develop a database, including an input–output table, for the calibration of an urban CGE model for Sydney, Australia. Official and publicly available data sources were manipulated by using a number of mathematical and statistical techniques to compile a table for 249 regions and 20 sectors across Sydney. Issues, such as determining the appropriate level of aggregation, generating incomplete data, and managing conflicting data, that other input–output table developers may encounter when constructing multiregional tables were addressed in the study. The table entries themselves were mapped and explored, as they provide a useful study of the spatial economy of Sydney. Future work will focus on streamlining the construction of input–output tables and incorporating new data sources.

Simulating Impacts on Regional Economies

2013 ◽  
pp. 132-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy R. West ◽  
Randall W. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Models ◽  
Sire Model ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
Regional Impacts

Practitioners and academics apply a range of regional economic models for impacts assessment. These models extend from a simple economic base through to input-output and econometric models and computable general equilibrium models. All such models have strengths and weaknesses. Dimensions of which impact assessment models are often compared include level of industry detail, data availability, and complexity of behaviour modelled. This chapter presents a model for Simulating Impacts on Regional Economies (SIRE) that occupies an intermediate position between Input-Output (IO), arguably the most widely used model for regional impacts assessments, and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. With greater behavioural detail than the typical regional IO model, the SIRE model incorporates many of the features of CGE models without enforcing the strictly linear behavioural relationships of IO. Like most CGE models, the simulation framework presented here borrows a subset of parameters from an existing econometric model for the same region. The SIRE model falls short, however, of the complexity of capturing the full range of behaviours of CGE models.

Simulating Impacts on Regional Economies

2014 ◽  
pp. 1064-1083
Author(s):  
Guy R. West ◽  
Randall W. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Models ◽  
Sire Model ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
Regional Impacts

Practitioners and academics apply a range of regional economic models for impacts assessment. These models extend from a simple economic base through to input-output and econometric models and computable general equilibrium models. All such models have strengths and weaknesses. Dimensions of which impact assessment models are often compared include level of industry detail, data availability, and complexity of behaviour modelled. This chapter presents a model for Simulating Impacts on Regional Economies (SIRE) that occupies an intermediate position between Input-Output (IO), arguably the most widely used model for regional impacts assessments, and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. With greater behavioural detail than the typical regional IO model, the SIRE model incorporates many of the features of CGE models without enforcing the strictly linear behavioural relationships of IO. Like most CGE models, the simulation framework presented here borrows a subset of parameters from an existing econometric model for the same region. The SIRE model falls short, however, of the complexity of capturing the full range of behaviours of CGE models.

scholarly journals Impact assessment and a fiscal recovery policy for tsunami risk: GIS and the general equilibrium approach in Hakodate city, Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832097786
Author(s):  
Hajime Tanaka ◽  
Michael C Huang
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Evidence Based

Given Japan’s substantial exposure to many kinds of natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons, it has been a priority to invest in resilience, guided by evidence-based modeling. In 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami became the costliest natural disaster ever recorded. This study applied a geographic information system using assumed tsunami-affected data calibrated in a recursive computable general equilibrium model to perform an economic impact assessment and an estimated recovery budget. We simulated 100 years of tsunamis and a 10-year sectoral recovery package for the sectors related to the ocean economy, such as kelp, net fishery, squid, other fisheries, food processing, and recreation, with a capital-use subsidy policy regarding investment strategy. We found that the aqua sector is incredibly vulnerable and would not recover with the capital-use subsidy within Hakodate City’s financial capability. Nevertheless, the recovery policy could still ease output price changes. On the other hand, the recreation sector could recover to pre-disaster conditions, but at huge fiscal and social costs. Meanwhile, the food processing sector’s recovery could generate social benefits and have a spillover effect on other fisheries sectors. The application of geographic information system in tsunami-prone areas could strengthen the precision of economic analysis. Such evidence-based modeling could visualize the economic impact to assist policymakers and stakeholders in foreseeing disaster risk and implementing more effective building resilience measures.

scholarly journals Veterinary epidemiology at ILRAD and ILRI, 1987-2018.

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-238
Author(s):  
Brian Perry ◽  
Bernard Bett ◽  
Eric Fèvre ◽  
Delia Grace ◽  
Thomas Fitz Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Economic Impact Assessment ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Veterinary Epidemiology

Abstract This chapter describes the activities of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and its predecessor, the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD) from 1987 to 2018. Topics include scientific impacts; economic impact assessment; developmental impacts; capacity development; partnerships; impacts on human resources capacity in veterinary epidemiology; impacts on national animal health departments and services; impacts on animal health constraints in developing countries; impacts on ILRI's research and strategy; the introduction of veterinary epidemiology and economics at ILRAD; field studies in Kenya; tick-borne disease dynamics in eastern and southern Africa; heartwater studies in Zimbabwe; economic impact assessments of tick-borne diseases; tick and tick-borne disease distribution modelling; modelling the infection dynamics of vector-borne diseases; economic impact of trypanosomiasis; the epidemiology of resistance to trypanocides; the development of a modelling technique for evaluating control options; sustainable trypanosomiasis control in Uganda and in the Ghibe Valley of Ethiopia; spatial modelling of tsetse distributions; preventing and containing trypanocide resistance in the cotton zone of West Africa; rabies research; the economic impacts of rinderpest control; applying economic impact assessment tools to foot and mouth disease (FMD) control, the southern Africa FMD economic impact study; economic impacts of FMD in Peru, Colombia and India; economic impacts of FMD control in endemic settings in low- and middle-income countries; the global FMD research alliance (GFRA); Rift Valley fever; economic impact assessment of control options and calculation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); RVF risk maps for eastern Africa; land-use change and RVF infection and disease dynamics; epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites; priorities in animal health research for poverty reduction; the Wellcome Trust Epidemiology Initiatives; the broader economic impact contributions; the responses to highly pathogenic avian influenza; the International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics (ISVEE) experience, the role of epidemiology in ILRAD and ILRI and the impacts of ILRAD and ILRI's epidemiology; capacity development in veterinary epidemiology and impact assessment; impacts on national animal health departments and services; impacts on animal health constraints in developing countries and impacts on ILRI's research and strategy.

Analysis of The Economic Impacts of Special Event: The Case of Jember Fashion Carnival in Jember City

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Christina L., Rudatin ◽  
Fauzi Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Special Event ◽  
Economic Impact Assessment ◽  
The City

This study investigated the economic impact a special event in the tourism industry. Jember Fashion Carnival 2015 became the object observed to conduct this study. Jember Fashion Carnival is an annual event from Jember City, but until this time not anyone makes observations to investigate the economic impact of outside tourist that come to Jember City during the time of the event. This study used a semi-structured, self-administered questioner was employed in collecting relevant social and economic data from respondents. A convenience sample of 100 attendees was used to determine the economic impact generated. The Respondents is the tourists who come from outside the city of Jember and attend the Jember Fashion Carnival 2015. The Economic impact assessment based on the amount of spending money from the attendees, with the details information some expenditure categories such as; accommodation, food, entertainment, souvenirs, communication and other types of expenditure. The result supported the claim that the event of Jember Fashion Carnival 2015 has positive economic impact on the host community.

scholarly journals Regional disaster impact analysis: comparing input–output and computable general equilibrium models

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1911-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elco E. Koks ◽  
Lorenzo Carrera ◽  
Olaf Jonkeren ◽  
Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts ◽  
Trond G. Husby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Disaster Impact ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
Italian Regions

Abstract. A variety of models have been applied to assess the economic losses of disasters, of which the most common ones are input–output (IO) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In addition, an increasing number of scholars have developed hybrid approaches: one that combines both or either of them in combination with noneconomic methods. While both IO and CGE models are widely used, they are mainly compared on theoretical grounds. Few studies have compared disaster impacts of different model types in a systematic way and for the same geographical area, using similar input data. Such a comparison is valuable from both a scientific and policy perspective as the magnitude and the spatial distribution of the estimated losses are born likely to vary with the chosen modelling approach (IO, CGE, or hybrid). Hence, regional disaster impact loss estimates resulting from a range of models facilitate better decisions and policy making. Therefore, this study analyses the economic consequences for a specific case study, using three regional disaster impact models: two hybrid IO models and a CGE model. The case study concerns two flood scenarios in the Po River basin in Italy. Modelling results indicate that the difference in estimated total (national) economic losses and the regional distribution of those losses may vary by up to a factor of 7 between the three models, depending on the type of recovery path. Total economic impact, comprising all Italian regions, is negative in all models though.

Application of a bottom-up approach to estimate economic impacts of building maintenance projects: cladding rectification program in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Teo ◽  
Akvan Gajanayake ◽  
Sajani Jayasuriya ◽  
Ali Izaddoost ◽  
Treshani Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Economic Impact Assessment

PurposeThis paper critically reviews economic impact assessment methods adopted in construction-related projects, to develop and present a novel bottom-up approach suitable to estimate regional economic impacts of building maintenance projects.Design/methodology/approachA thorough literature review of economic impact assessment in construction projects is carried out to identify the most relevant approach to estimate wider economic impacts of building maintenance projects. Based on these findings, a model based on the bottom-up approach to estimate wider economic impacts is developed. The applicability and face validity of the developed model is demonstrated through a case of cladding replacement program in Australia.FindingsThe literature review revealed that bottom-up models are better suited for estimating regional economic impacts of maintenance projects, given the challenges of obtaining micro-level economic data in the maintenance sector. In relation to the total economic impacts (direct and indirect), the results show that for every $1 of government spending on similar projects the Gross State Product would increase by $1.34. In terms of employment impact, over 70% of the direct economic value addition is driven by the increase in labour, where close to 3 FTE jobs will be required for each $1 million of spending on cladding replacement projects.Originality/valueThis paper presents a model to estimate the wider economic impacts of building maintenance projects, which is typically overlooked in the construction management field. The proposed model is developed to incorporate the variability of different building maintenance projects so that the economic impact resulting from these projects could be estimated more accurately. This model can be used by local government decision-makers to justify and prioritise maintenance projects in a similar manner to new construction projects.

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