Sodium and potassium exchanges in adrenalectomized rats administered deoxycorticosterone chronically

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 735-744
Author(s):  
Melvin J. Fregly ◽  
Ku Ja Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

Fifteen male adrenalectomized rats were divided into three equal groups and given powdered Purina diet and a choice between 0.30 M NaCl solution and distilled water. Body weight, intakes of food and fluids, urine output, and urine sodium and potassium concentrations were measured daily during a 7-day control period. At this time, two of the groups were administered 250 and 500 μg deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) per kg body weight per day s.c. in oil. Controls received oil. The measurements listed above were taken for an additional 11 days of treatment. All groups ingested more NaCl solution than water during the control period. When DOCA was begun, both sodium output (meq/day) and intake (meq/day) were reduced proportionately and the linear relationship between them observed before treatment was maintained. Under these conditions adrenalectomized rats failed to escape from the sodium-retaining effects of DOCA. Furthermore, both the reduced output and intake of sodium remained for 10 days after drug administration ceased. Although administration of DOCA increased potassium excretion, food intake also increased such that the relationship between potassium intake and output observed before treatment was maintained. The urinary Na/K ratio was reduced significantly during drug treatment. The results suggest that mineralo-corticoid hormones are important in the control of both output and intake of sodium in the rat.

Abstract P096: Excess Sodium and Inadequate Potassium Dietary Intake by Italian Children and Adolescents: Results of the MINISAL Survey

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Campanozzi ◽  
Sonia Avallone ◽  
Daniela Galeone ◽  
Pasquale Strazzullo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Age Category

Introduction: The MINISAL survey aimed to assess the age-, gender- and region-specific habitul sodium and potassium intake and its association with relevant anthropometric characteristics in a national sample of Italian healthy children and adolescents referred to centers recognised by the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition. Methods: The study population included 1422 6 to 18 yrs. old subjects from ten regions. Main anthropometric indexes, blood pressure (BP) and 24h urinary sodium and potassium excretion (as proxy for habitual sodium and potassium intake) were measured using carefully standardised procedures. Potentially incomplete 24h collections were identified and excluded from the analysis based on values of urinary creatinine/Kg body weight and/or a urinary volume below the 5 th percentile of the overall distribution. The analysis was carried out upon stratification by gender (M=788, F=644), puberal age category: <9 yrs, 9-11 yrs. and 5 months, >11 yrs. and 5 mo. (male); < 8 yrs., 8-10 yrs. and 2 mo., > 10 yrs. and 2 mo. (female), and scholar age category: 6-10 yrs., 11-13 yrs. and 14-18 yrs (both male and female participants). The relationships among body weight, sodium, potassium and creatinine excretion were analysed using Z-scores as an index of body mass. Results: The 24h sodium and potassium excretion were higher in male than in female participants (respectively, 130±63 vs 119±56 mmol; p=0.001 and 39±18 vs 37±16 mmol; p=0.003). Upon stratification by puberal age and gender, 24h urinary sodium and potassium excretion were respectively 109±54 and 36±19 mol in category 1, 134±60 and 40±16 in category 2 and 152±69 and 43±17 in category 3 for male subjects (p<0.01); 98±39 and 33±13 in category 1, 105±45 and 34±13 in category 2 and 137±63 and 40±18 mmol in category 3 for female individuals (p<0.05). The expected gender difference in 24h urinary creatinine was observed in all age categories (p<0.05). Male individuals had consistently greater sodium, potassium and creatinine excretion than female individuals (p between <0.001 and <0.05). Upon stratification of the study population in four body weight categories (BMI Z-score <0, 0 to <0,9, 1 to <1,9 and ≥2), 24h sodium excretion was significantly greater in obese compared to normal weight children. 24h potassium excretion was also greater in obese children and adolescents compared with their normal weight counterparts (p=0.002). No significant difference was observed in either sodium or potassium excretion by geographical area. Conclusions: The MINISAL survey indicates a substantial age-, gender- and body mass-related variation with average values of sodium intake definitely high when related to true physiological needs or to the “adequate intakes” defined by the health institutions. By contrast, the habitual potassium intake was relatively low and such to indicate an inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption.

scholarly journals Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofu Du ◽  
Le Fang ◽  
Jianwei Xu ◽  
Xiangyu Chen ◽  
Yamin Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractThe direction and magnitude of the association between sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure (BP) may differ depending on the characteristics of the study participant or the intake assessment method. Our objective was to assess the relationship between BP, hypertension and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion among Chinese adults. A total of 1424 provincially representative Chinese residents aged 18 to 69 years participated in a cross-sectional survey in 2017 that included demographic data, physical measurements and 24-h urine collection. In this study, the average 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3811.4 mg/day, 1449.3 mg/day, and 4.9, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary sodium excretion was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.64 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–1.24) and diastolic BP (0.45 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.08–0.81), and each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary potassium excretion was inversely associated with systolic BP (− 3.07 mm Hg; 95% CI − 4.57 to − 1.57) and diastolic BP (− 0.94 mm Hg; 95% CI − 1.87 to − 0.02). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.78 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.42–1.13) and diastolic BP (0.31 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.10–0.53) per 1-unit increase. These associations were mainly driven by the hypertensive group. Those with a sodium intake above about 4900 mg/24 h or with a potassium intake below about 1000 mg/24 h had a higher risk of hypertension. At higher but not lower levels of 24-h urinary sodium excretion, potassium can better blunt the sodium-BP relationship. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of excretion were 0.54 (95% CI 0.35–0.84) for potassium and 1.71 (95% CI 1.16–2.51) for the sodium-to-potassium ratio, while the corresponding OR for sodium was not significant (OR, 1.28; 95% CI 0.83–1.98). Our results showed that the sodium intake was significantly associated with BP among hypertensive patients and the inverse association between potassium intake and BP was stronger and involved a larger fraction of the population, especially those with a potassium intake below 1000 mg/24 h should probably increase their potassium intake.

scholarly journals Assessment of Foods Associated with Sodium and Potassium Intake in Japanese Youths Using the Brief-Type Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2345
Author(s):  
Masayuki Okuda ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Soybean Paste ◽  
Diet History Questionnaire ◽  
Diet History ◽  
8Th Graders ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The identification of sodium and potassium intake in youths is an important step to preventing the increase of blood pressure in childhood. We examined food intake and estimated mineral intake using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) to test its validity as a comparison with urinary excretion in Japanese youths. The subjects were 5th and 8th graders (n = 2377), who completed the BDHQ and permitted the use of their overnight urine specimens. Sodium intake was poorly associated with sodium excretion (Rho = 0.048), and the coefficients of dietary potassium and a sodium-to-potassium molar ratio were 0.091–0.130. Higher soybean paste (miso) intake and pickles were significantly associated with higher sodium excretion (p ≤ 0.005). However, these foods were positively associated with potassium excretion (p = 0.002–0.012), and not associated with an excreted sodium-to-potassium ratio. Fruits and dairy products were positively associated (p ≤ 0.048), whereas beverages were negatively associated with potassium excretion (p ≤ 0.004). The association of the sodium-to-potassium ratio was opposite to that of potassium (p ≤ 0.001). The choice of foods, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio assessed using the BDHQ are available as part of health education for youths, but the assessment of sodium intake in population levels should be carefully conducted.

Effects of sodium intake on steady-state potassium excretion

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. F772-F778 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Young ◽  
T. E. Jackson ◽  
U. Tipayamontri ◽  
R. C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of changes in sodium intake on the steady-state relationship between plasma potassium concentration and potassium excretion were studied in 15 chronically adrenalectomized dogs. Throughout the experiments the dogs received aldosterone at a rate of 50 micrograms/day and methylprednisolone at 1 mg/day. The relationship between plasma potassium and steady-state potassium excretion was obtained by changing potassium intake from 10 to 30 to 100 meq/day, each level being maintained for 7-10 days. At the conclusion of each period at a given level of potassium intake, plasma potassium and excretion were measured and plotted, plasma potassium being the independent variable. Such a relationship was obtained while the dogs were on three different levels of sodium intake: 10, 100, and 200 meq/day. The curves from the data obtained at 100 and 200 meq/day sodium intake both were shifted to the left of the curve obtained at 10 meq/day (P less than 0.05), although the 100 and 200 meq/day curves were not different from each other. On the basis of these data one could predict that, at a plasma potassium concentration of 4.0 meq/liter, the animals would excrete potassium at a rate of 17 meq/day on a 10 meq/day sodium intake, 37 meq/day on a 100 meq/day sodium intake, and 47 meq/day on a 200 meq/day sodium intake. Urine flow and electrolyte concentration data are consistent with the hypothesis that the sodium intake effect on potassium excretion was mediated through increases in distal nephron flow rate and decreases in distal nephron potassium concentration.

Interrelated effects of aldosterone and plasma potassium on potassium excretion

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. F28-F34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Young ◽  
A. W. Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Group I ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Renal Potassium Excretion

The interacting effects of aldosterone and plasma potassium concentration on steady-state renal potassium excretion were studied in two groups of chronically adrenalectomized dogs. In group I (six dogs, 22.9 kg) aldosterone was infused intravenously at 20 micrograms/day while potassium intake was changed in steps of 7-10 days duration from 10 to 30 to 100 meq/day. At the completion of each step, plasma potassium concentration, urinary potassium excretion, and other variables that potentially may affect renal function were measured. In group II (six dogs, 22.2 kg) a similar protocol was followed except that aldosterone was infused at 250 micrograms/day and the potassium intake levels were 30, 100, and 200 meq/day. Plasma potassium concentration and excretion data for the 20 micrograms/day group were: 3.22 +/- 0.26 meq/liter and 5 +/- 1 meq/day, 4.35 +/- 0.08 meq/liter and 21 +/- 2 meq/day, and 5.88 meq/liter and 82 +/- 3 meq/day at the 10, 30, and 100 meq/day intake levels, respectively. For the 250 micrograms/day group the values were: 2.72 +/- 0.18 meq/liter and 28 +/- 7 meq/day, 4.16 +/- 0.14 meq/liter and 71 +/- 8 meq/day, and 4.40 +/- 0.14 meq/liter and 172 +/- 26 meq/day at the 30, 100, and 200 meq/day intake levels. Therefore, the increase in aldosterone infusion rate shifted the relationship between plasma potassium concentration and potassium excretion to the left so that at a given level of plasma potassium a greater amount of potassium was excreted. In the normal range of plasma potassium concentration (4.00-4.40 meq/liter) the increase in aldosterone levels resulted in a four- to eightfold increase in daily potassium excretion.

Three peptides from the ANF prohormone NH(2)-terminus are natriuretic and/or kaliuretic

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. F1401-F1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Martin ◽  
J. B. Pevahouse ◽  
D. J. Trigg ◽  
D. L. Vesely ◽  
J. E. Buerkert
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Terminal Portion ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The present investigation was designed to determine whether peptides derived from the NH(2)-terminal portion of the 126-amino acid prohormone (pro) of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) have natriuretic and diuretic properties similar to ANF. Three peptides consisting of amino acids 1-30 [(proANF-(1-30)], 31-67 [proANF-(31-67)], and 79-98 (proANF-(79-98)] of the ANF prohormone were tested and compared with the COOH-terminus peptide (ANF) with respect to their ability to increase urine volume, urine sodium and potassium excretion, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in anesthetized Munich-Wistar rats. Each of these peptides except proANF-(79-98) caused a significant diuresis (P less than 0.05) when infused at their respective 100 ng.kg body wt-1.min-1 concentrations for 120 min. ProANFs-(1-30), (31-67), (79-98), and (99-126) (ANF) increased sodium excretion by 231, 973, 167, and 1,405%, respectively. The fractional excretion of sodium compared with control was significant at P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01, and P less than 0.05 for proANFs (1-30), (31-67), and (99-126), respectively. ProANF-(79-98) did not significantly increase the fractional excretion of sodium, but it was the only peptide from the NH(2)-terminus of the prohormone that significantly increased the fractional excretion of potassium's ProANF-(31-67) did not increase urinary potassium excretion. ProANF-(1-30), (79-98), and ANF significantly (P less than 0.05) increased urinary potassium excretion. None of these peptides significantly enhanced GFR. In conclusion, three peptides from the NH(2)-terminus of the ANF prohormone as well as ANF (the COOH-terminus) have either natriuretic, kaliuretic, and/or diuretic properties, but the respective ability of each of these peptides to produce these effects varies considerably.

Circadian rhythms and time course of adaptive sodium and potassium excretion in rats after uninephrectomy

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (5) ◽  
pp. R1454-R1462
Author(s):  
R. I. Aizman ◽  
L. Rabinowitz ◽  
C. Mayer-Harnisch
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Water Homeostasis ◽  
Compensatory Adaptation ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The relationship between renal circadian cyclic excretion and renal compensatory adaptation after uninephrectomy for K, Na, and water was studied. Rats in a 12:12-h light-dark environment were given a liquid diet, and urine was collected for 16 days with consecutive 90-min periods. Days 1-4 were control, 5-10 followed a sham operation, and 11-16 followed uninephrectomy. The major findings were 1) the circadian cycles in excretion were virtually unchanged after sham and uninephrectomy; 2) an adaptive increase in excretion of Na, K, and water by the remaining kidney occurred within 90 min after uninephrectomy; 3) after uninephrectomy the distribution of the 24-h increment in excretion for the remaining kidney closely followed the preexisting pattern of circadian excretion for Na but was evenly distributed between light and dark phases for K; and 4) after uninephrectomy the ratio of excretion to intake was unchanged. This is the first study to document the time course of adaptation to uninephrectomy using consecutive brief collections over several days in unanesthetized and undisturbed rats. Adaptation after uninephrectomy occurred essentially immediately; was maintained unchanged; and preserved Na, K, and water homeostasis. Uninephrectomy did not alter the circadian control of excretion.

scholarly journals Twenty-Four–Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Their Associations With Blood Pressure Among Adults in China

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1580-1588
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Puhong Zhang ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Jixiang Ma ◽  
Jianwei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

This study aimed to assess current level of sodium and potassium intake and their associations with blood pressure (BP) using the 24-hour urinary data in a large sample of China. Data from participants aged 18 to 75 years were collected as the baseline survey of Action on Salt China in 2018. Of 5454 adults, 5353 completed 24-hour urine collection. The average sodium, potassium excretion, and sodium-to-potassium molar ratio were 4318.1±1814.1 mg/d (equivalent to 11.0±4.6 g/d of salt), 1573.7±627.1 mg/d, and 5.0±2.1, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors and correcting for regression dilution, each 1000-mg increase in sodium excretion was associated with increased systolic BP (1.32 mm Hg [95% CI, 0.92–1.81]) and diastolic BP (0.34 mm Hg [95% CI, 0.09–0.60]). Each 1000-mg increase in potassium excretion was inversely associated with systolic BP (−3.19 mm Hg [95% CI, −4.38 to −2.20]) and diastolic BP (−1.56 mm Hg [95% CI, −2.29 to −0.90]). Each unit increase in sodium-to-potassium molar ratio was associated with an increase of systolic BP by 1.21 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.91–1.60) and diastolic BP by 0.44 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.24–0.64). The relationships between sodium and BP mostly increase with the rise of BP quantiles. Potassium shows the opposite trend. The current sodium intake in Chinese adults remains high and potassium intake is low. Sodium and sodium-to-potassium ratio were positively associated with BP, whereas potassium was inversely associated with BP. Registration— URL: https://tinyurl.com/vdr8rpr ; Unique identifier: ChiCTR1800017553. URL: https://tinyurl.com/w8c7x3w ; Unique identifier: ChiCTR1800016804. URL: https://tinyurl.com/s3ajldw ; Unique identifier: ChiCTR1800018119.

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