Bone microstructure: quantifying bone vascular orientation

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Boef ◽  
H.C.E. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
Novel Methods ◽  
Radial Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nonlinear Pattern

Bone microstructure often preserves a temporal record of the life history of the animal to which it belongs. Previously used bone microstructure metrics to differentiate between primary bone types are reviewed and tested with a broad sample of bone types. Two new metrics, the radial index and the longitudinal index, are developed to quantitatively differentiate bone types based on bone vascular orientation in three dimensions. All previously used metrics described the bone microstructure in a nonlinear pattern and were unable to separate bone types satisfactorily. The radial index and longitudinal index effectively differentiated bone types and described bone microstructure within a linear continuum. The continuous nature of the range of vascular orientation in bone microstructure necessitates a quantitative approach rather than the commonly used qualitative classifications. The radial index and longitudinal index, which objectively detect small differences in vascular orientation in three dimensions, are therefore preferable to other metrics for inter- and intra-specific comparisons of bone microstructure. These metrics offer novel methods to facilitate examinations of the relationship between primary bone type and ontogeny, biomechanics, and phylogeny.

scholarly journals Calculation of LTC Premiums Based on Direct Estimates of Transition Probabilities

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Helms ◽  
Claudia Czado ◽  
Susanne Gschlößl
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
State Model ◽  
Link Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pseudo Values ◽  
Almost Unbiased

In this paper we model the life-history of LTC-patients using a Markovian multi-state model in order to calculate premiums for a given LTC-plan. Instead of estimating the transition intensities in this model we use the approach suggested by Andersen et al. (2003) for a direct estimation of the transition probabilities. Based on the Aalen-Johansen estimator, an almost unbiased estimator for the transition matrix of a Markovian multi-state model, we calculate so-called pseudo-values, known from Jackknife methods. Further, we assume that the relationship between these pseudo-values and the covariates of our data are given by a GLM with the logit as link-function. Since the GLMs do not allow for correlation between successive observations we use instead the “Generalized Estimating Equations” (GEEs) to estimate the parameters of our regression model. The approach is illustrated using a representative sample from a German LTC portfolio.

scholarly journals Married Dostoevsky? The History of Relations between V.V. Rozanov and A.P. Suslova

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-413
Author(s):  
Alexey Nicolaeyvich Varlamov
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Scientific Level ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
The Brothers Karamazov ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brothers Karamazov ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Objective Study ◽  
Deep Interest

The article examines in detail the history of the relationship between A.P. Suslova and V.V. Rozanov in connection with the notion existing in the historical and literary science that Rozanovs marriage to Suslova was based on his deep interest in the work of F.M. Dostoevsky and his desire in such an unusual way to penetrate deeper into the secrets of the life and work of the author of The Idiot and The Brothers Karamazov. However, an appeal to various documentary evidence shows that Rozanovs marriage motives came from the warehouse of his nature and constituted a complex of rather complex reasons, among which the human, and not literary, research principle still dominates. The desire for a benevolently objective study of the life history of A.P. Suslova makes it possible to clarify at the modern scientific level the important facts of the biography of F.M. Dostoevsky and V.V. Rozanov, to free them from the stratifications of legends and myths.

scholarly journals Syair Perahu Karya Hamzah Fansuri Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Budaya Maritim di Singkel

PANALUNGTIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Abdul Jalil ◽  
Nuralam
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maritime Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Hamzah Fansuri lived in the early era of the peak of the Aceh Darussalam kingdom. The Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam at that time visited by many traders from Arab, Parsi, Turkish, Bengal (India), Siamese, Portuguese, and Spain. Hamzah Fansuri is a Sufism scholar who developed Islamic teaching trough his poems. One of his poems is Syair Perahu. Syair Perahu besides containing Sufism also is related to the trade and wealth of Singkel sea. The discovery of foreign ceramics along the Singkel river is one proof of trade in the past. This research use method of manuscript study. The reason for choosing text studies is because Hamzah Fansuri produced many literary works in the form of poetry. The approach used in this study is historical archaeology to reveal the maritime culture of Singkel trough Syair Perahu by Hamzah Fansuri. Data collection is done trough literature study by collecting books, documents, and paper relating to the life history of Hamzah Fansuri and and literary works that he produces. The purpose of this reseach is to determine the relationship between Syair Perahu and maritime culture of Singkel. Based on a study of Syair Perahu, it is known that Hamzah Fansuri not only discusses the Sufism but also provides information about Singkel and trade in its time.

Root life history of non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars and the relationship with canopy development

2019 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 107560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain M. Gloaguen ◽  
Annie Couch ◽  
Diane L. Rowland ◽  
Jerry Bennett ◽  
George Hochmuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals IMPACTO DOS INVESTIMENTOS EM RECURSOS INTANGÍVEIS NO DESEMPENHO ORGANIZACIONAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Vanessa Martins Pires ◽  
Guilherme Trez ◽  
Tiago Wickstrom Alves ◽  
Davi Souza Simon
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Intangible Resources ◽  
Public Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this research, we explored the relationship between investments in intangible resources and the performance of publicly traded banks. We applied a quantitative approach, based on hand-collected public data from banks’ financial statements of investments on intangible resources, combined with a history of trading and accounting values, covering the period from 2008 to 2015. The results suggest that investments in intangible resources provide superior performance. The banking sector is not particularly sensitive to investments on Human Intangible Resources (HR) and Relation Intangible Resources (RR), but respond in an economically significant way to investments on Structural or Organizational Intangible Resources (SR).

scholarly journals Calculation of LTC Premiums Based on Direct Estimates of Transition Probabilities

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Helms ◽  
Claudia Czado ◽  
Susanne Gschlößl
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
State Model ◽  
Link Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pseudo Values ◽  
Almost Unbiased

In this paper we model the life-history of LTC-patients using a Markovian multi-state model in order to calculate premiums for a given LTC-plan. Instead of estimating the transition intensities in this model we use the approach suggested by Andersen et al. (2003) for a direct estimation of the transition probabilities. Based on the Aalen-Johansen estimator, an almost unbiased estimator for the transition matrix of a Markovian multi-state model, we calculate so-called pseudo-values, known from Jackknife methods. Further, we assume that the relationship between these pseudo-values and the covariates of our data are given by a GLM with the logit as link-function. Since the GLMs do not allow for correlation between successive observations we use instead the “Generalized Estimating Equations” (GEEs) to estimate the parameters of our regression model. The approach is illustrated using a representative sample from a German LTC portfolio.

scholarly journals Mammalian bone palaeohistology: new data and a survey

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kolb ◽  
Torsten M. Scheyer ◽  
Kristof Veitschegger ◽  
Analia M. Forasiepi ◽  
Eli Amson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Bone Cortex ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
Mammalian Bone

The interest in mammalian palaeohistology has increased dramatically in the last two decades. Starting in 1849 via descriptive approaches, it has been demonstrated that bone tissue and vascularisation types correlate with several biological variables such as ontogenetic stage, growth rate, and ecology. Mammalian bone displays a large variety of bone tissues and vascularisation patterns reaching from lamellar or parallel-fibred to fibrolamellar or woven-fibred bone, depending on taxon and individual age. Here we systematically review the knowledge and methods on mammalian bone and palaeohistology and discuss potential future research fields and techniques. We present new data on the bone microstructure of two extant marsupial species and of several extinct continental and island placental mammals. Three juvenile specimens of the dwarf island hippopotamid Hippopotamus minor from the Late Pleistocene of Cyprus show reticular to plexiform fibrolamellar bone. The island murid Mikrotia magna from the Late Miocene of Gargano, Italy displays parallel-fibred primary bone with reticular vascularisation being pervaded by irregular secondary osteons in the central part of the cortex. Leithia sp., the dormouse from the Pleistocene of Sicily, is characterised by a primary bone cortex consisting of lamellar bone and low vascularisation. The bone cortex of the fossil continental lagomorph Prolagus oeningensis and three fossil species of insular Prolagus displays parallel-fibred primary bone and reticular, radial as well as longitudinal vascularisation. Typical for large mammals, secondary bone in the giant rhinocerotoid Paraceratherium sp. from the Miocene of Turkey is represented by dense Haversian bone. The skeletochronological features of Sinomegaceros yabei, a large-sized deer from the Pleistocene of Japan closely related to Megaloceros, indicate a high growth rate. These examples and the critical summary of existing data show how bone microstructure can reveal essential information on life history evolution. The bone tissue and the skeletochronological data of the sampled island species show that there is no universal modification of bone tissue and life history specific to insular species.

scholarly journals Mammalian bone palaeohistology: a survey and new data with emphasis on island forms

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kolb ◽  
Torsten M. Scheyer ◽  
Kristof Veitschegger ◽  
Analia M. Forasiepi ◽  
Eli Amson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Bone Cortex ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Mammalian Bone

The interest in mammalian palaeohistology has increased dramatically in the last two decades. Starting in 1849 via descriptive approaches, it has been demonstrated that bone tissue and vascularisation types correlate with several biological variables such as ontogenetic stage, growth rate, and ecology. Mammalian bone displays a large variety of bone tissues and vascularisation patterns reaching from lamellar or parallel-fibred to fibrolamellar or woven-fibred bone, depending on taxon and individual age. Here we systematically review the knowledge and methods on cynodont and mammalian bone microstructure as well as palaeohistology and discuss potential future research fields and techniques. We present new data on the bone microstructure of two extant marsupial species and of several extinct continental and island placental mammals. Extant marsupials display mainly parallel-fibred primary bone with radial and oblique but mainly longitudinal vascular canals. Three juvenile specimens of the dwarf island hippopotamidHippopotamus minorfrom the Late Pleistocene of Cyprus show reticular to plexiform fibrolamellar bone. The island muridMikrotia magnafrom the Late Miocene of Gargano, Italy displays parallel-fibred primary bone with reticular vascularisation and strong remodelling in the middle part of the cortex.Leithiasp., the dormouse from the Pleistocene of Sicily, is characterised by a primary bone cortex consisting of lamellar bone and a high amount of compact coarse cancellous bone. The bone cortex of the fossil continental lagomorphProlagus oeningensisand three fossil species of insularProlagusdisplays mainly parallel-fibred primary bone and reticular, radial as well as longitudinal vascularisation. Typical for large mammals, secondary bone in the giant rhinocerotoidParaceratheriumsp. from the Late Oligocene of Turkey is represented by dense Haversian bone. The skeletochronological features ofSinomegaceros yabei, a large-sized deer from the Pleistocene of Japan closely related toMegaloceros, indicate a high growth rate. These examples and the synthesis of existing data show the potential of bone microstructure to reveal essential information on life history evolution. The bone tissue and the skeletochronological data of the sampled island species suggest the presence of various modes of bone histological modification and mammalian life history evolution on islands to depend on factors of island evolution such as island size, distance from mainland, climate, phylogeny, and time of evolution.

The life-history of Archigetes limnodrili (Yamaguti) (Cestoda: Caryophyllaeidae) and its development in the invertebrate host

Parasitology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invertebrate Host ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nature Conservancy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The development of Archigetes limnodrili in species of Limnodrilus is described. There is no free-living larva and eggs are ingested by the tubificids. Growth and development is completed within the body cavity of the annelid, and egg liberation is accomplished by release of the parasite and decay of its body.Breeding of A. limnodrili takes place throughout the year. In the localities investigated there was no evidence that a fish host was required in the life-cycle. Progenesis was the only type of development encountered in Britain.A. limnodrili exhibits an unusual degree of host specificity, being found only in species of Limnodrilus. It is suggested that this is due to differences in the composition of the coelom or intestine of Limnodrilus compared to other genera.The degree of infection in all localities is very low, and shows no regular seasonal variation. There is no similarity in the seasonal changes in different localities.The relationship between the host and parasite is a stable one, and there is little mutual damage. Factors contributing to this stability are discussed.The development of A. limnodrili is compared with that of other species of Archigetes, and the life-history discussed with particular reference to the phenomenon of progenesis.I wish to thank Professor R. J. Pumphrey in whose Department this work was carried out, and Dr J. C. Chubb for his constant advice and criticism. I also wish to thank Dr K. H. Mann and the University of Reading for provision of specimens and permitting me the use of their facilities. The work was carried out during the tenure of a Nature Conservancy Research Studentship.

Optimal Stock Size and Harvest Rate in Multistage Life History Models

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Moussalli ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Harvest Rate ◽  
Recruitment Curve ◽  
Stock Size ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

If the life history of a population consists of a sequence of density-dependent stages linked by density-independent survival rates, and if the density-dependent stages take the form of the Beverton–Holt stock and recruitment curve, then a single Beverton–Holt curve will describe the entire life history. The relationship between the parameters of any stage in the life history and the optimal harvest rate and optimal stock size is analyzed. Increasing survival rates will always increase the optimal harvest rate, but may increase or decrease the optimal stock size. Increasing the habitat capacity will increase the optimal stock size and leave the optimal harvest rate unaffected. An example of changing freshwater survival rates by Salmonid Enhancement is shown, as is an example of changing ocean survival rate. As we acquire a better understanding of the determinants of survival and habitat capacity, we should adjust harvest rates and stock size as the environment changes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document