LARVAL TREMATODES PARASITIZING LYMNAEA STAGNALIS APPRESSA SAY IN ONTARIO WITH EMPHASIS ON MULTIPLE INFECTIONS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. R. Bourns
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Trematode Infection

A total of 1659 Lymnaea stagnalis appressa Say were examined for trematode infection. Of these, 571 shed one, 215 shed two, and 15 shed three species of cercariae. Most of the snails, including at least one with three other species, contained metacercariae of Cotylurus flabelliformis. It is suggested that infection of snails by one trematode species may increase or decrease the mollusc's susceptibility to subsequent infection by other trematode larvae.

The effect of trematode infection on the markers of oxidative stress in the offspring of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 3561-3564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana L. Vorontsova ◽  
Irina A. Slepneva ◽  
Natalia I. Yurlova ◽  
Natalia M. Ponomareva ◽  
Viktor V. Glupov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Trematode Infection ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Can Invasive Snails Reduce Parasitism in Native Snails? An Evaluation of the Dilution Effect Hypothesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
Michele Larson ◽  
Amy Krist
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Trematode Infection ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Effect Hypothesis

The dilution effect hypothesis states that any non-target host species can act as a decoy or resistant host to disease or parasite transmission stages, thereby reducing the negative effects of the diseases or parasites on the coevolved host (Prenter et al. 2004, Johnson and Thieltges 2010). Invasive species are often resistant to parasites in the new ecosystem because native parasites have not evolved to be able to successfully infect them (Prenter et al. 2004). In laboratory experiments, Kopp and Jokela (2007) found the presence of the invasive snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, acted as a resistant host for trematode infection resulting in reduced infection rates in the native snail. Similarly, the presence of the invasive American slipper limpet, Crepidula foricata, and invasive Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, reduced trematode infection load on native mussels, Mytilus edulis, in both single species and mixed species (both invasive species present) treatments (Thieltges et al. 2009). However, both of these experiments were conducted in mesocosms with simplified biotic interactions (Kopp and Jokela 2007, Thieltges et al. 2009).

Component community dynamics of larval trematodes in the freshwater snail Semisulcospira nakasekoae in the Uji River, central Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Urabe ◽  
M Hinoue
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Stable Size Distribution

AbstractThe component community of larval trematodes in the freshwater snail Semisulcospira nakasekoae (Caenogastropoda: Sorbeoconcha: Pleuroceridae) was surveyed over 13 months from April 1996 to April 1997 inclusive. Temporal and spatial fluctuation of trematode prevalence, the frequency of multiple infections, and the duration of cercarial shedding were examined as factors that might affect trematode community structure. The spatial prevalence of some species varied significantly, but the dynamics were too small to allow an explanation of the overall pattern. The prevalence of sanguinicolids fluctuated temporally, despite a stable size distribution in the host populations (> 6.0 mm shell width), suggesting the life-cycle phenology of this species. Some pairs of species had statistically positive associations, but no pairs had negative associations. This shows the importance of positive association possibly as a result of suppression of the host defensive response on trematode community structures in molluscan hosts. The length of the patent period, which is part of the persistent period, varied among trematode species, suggesting it to be one of the factors determining prevalence in the host population.

scholarly journals Trematodiasis occurrence in cattle along the Progo River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korbinianus Feribertus Rinca ◽  
Joko Prastowo ◽  
Dwi Priyo Widodo ◽  
Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Fasciola Spp ◽  
Trematode Parasites

Aim: This study aimed to measure the occurrence of trematodiasis in cattle along the Progo River, a district of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The findings help to establish the magnitude of the disease and encourage prevention and treatment of this condition. Materials and Methods: Trematode eggs were extracted from 100 fecal samples collected from cattle. The eggs were examined using the sedimentation technique, and the method of Parfitt and Banks was used to differentiate Paramphistomum spp. eggs from Fasciola spp. eggs. Results: The infection rate of trematode parasites was 50%. Cattle experienced multiple infections of both Paramphistomum spp. and Fasciola spp., as well as single infections of one species or the other. All breeds were vulnerable to infections of both trematode species, although different cattle breeds, including Peranakan Ongole crossbreeds, Simmental crossbreeds, and Limousin crossbreeds, showed differences in infection rate. The highest rate of infection with Paramphistomum spp. (15.78%) occurred in the Simmental crossbreeds. The highest rate of infection (31.57%) with Fasciola spp. was in the Peranakan Ongole crossbreeds. Multiple infections of both Paramphistomum spp. and Fasciola spp. were highest in Simmental crossbreed cattle (28.97%). Conclusion: The high infection rates of trematode parasites found in fecal samples, particularly of Fasciola spp., indicate that the cattle along the Progo River in Indonesia experience a high rate of trematodiasis disease.

Temporal variations in the infection of a population of Cerithidea cingulata by larval trematodes in Kuwait Bay

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.Y. Al-Kandari ◽  
J. Abdul-Salam ◽  
R. Meakins
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Snail Population ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Kuwait Bay ◽  
Cerithidea Cingulata ◽  
Trematode Infections ◽  
Prevalent Species

AbstractThe prosobranch gastropod Cerithidea cingulata (Gastropoda: Potamididae) in Kuwait Bay was examined for larval trematode infections over a 17-month period. A total of 2537 snails were examined and 1265 (49.9%) found to be infected with one or more species of trematodes. The component community in the snail comprised 12 species representing the families Cyathocotylidae (2), Echinostomatidae (2), Haplosplanchnidae (1), Heterophyidae (2), Microphallidae (1), Philophthalmidae (2), Plagiorchiidae (1) and Schistosomatidae (1). Cyathocotylid II (41.6%) was by far the most prevalent species followed by the microphallid (3.9%), the two species comprised 90% of the total trematode fauna. The prevalence of infection increased with shell size and was significantly higher in male (47%) than female (33%) snails. Multiple infections were observed in only 15 (1.2%) of the infected snails; cyathocotylid I and cyathocotylid II combination occurred 14 times and heterophyid I and the microphallid occurred once. Trematode species were more diverse and prevalent in winter, and cercarial shedding peaked in summer. Behaviour of the definitive host and snail population dynamics were probably the major contributors to the detected temporal pattern in the infections.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) in capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) (Linnaeus, 1766) in Minas Gerais, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Massote Dracz ◽  
Vinicius Marques Antunes Ribeiro ◽  
Cintia Aparecida de Jesus Pereira ◽  
Walter dos Santos Lima
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Aspect ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Fresh Feces ◽  
Livestock Rearing

Abstract Fasciola hepatica is a parasite that affects the hepatic ducts of several species of domestic and wild vertebrates, causing huge economic losses to livestock rearing worldwide. Reports on occurrences of F. hepatica in capybaras are an important epidemiological aspect of this disease, since these rodents can be a source of contamination for other animals and humans. In the present study, conducted in a rural area of the municipality of Confins, Minas Gerais, fresh feces from capybaras were collected from the ground near a lagoon at the edge of the Ribeirão da Mata river. These were examined using the technique of four metal sieves. F. hepatica eggs were recovered. This trematode species was confirmed by observing morphological characteristics and measuring the eggs recovered from the capybara feces, and through experimental infection of Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) by miracidia from these eggs and subsequent infection of C57/BL06 mice with metacercariae originating from these infected mollusks. The data suggest the occurrence of natural cycle of F. hepatica in this region and provide a warning that expansion of the geographical distribution of this parasite by means of this rodent is possible. It is therefore important to adopting measures for epidemiological control of this helminthiasis.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of staphylococcal infections

1960 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Roodyn
Keyword(s):  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Great Persistence ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Recurrent Furunculosis ◽  
Hospital Acquired

During the period 1951–58, a study has been carried out of a series of seventeen families in which more than one member developed a staphylococcal lesion.In eleven of these families, phage typing revealed that spread of infection from person to person had occurred. Once introduced into a household, the staphylococcus demonstrated great persistence; a particular strain could cause recurrent lesions in different members for as long as 6 years. The interval between the first and subsequent infection in another member of the same family was most irregular, but was usually 2–11 months.The patient with recurrent furunculosis appeared to be mainly responsible for dissemination of strains.In six out of the seventeen families, although multiple infections were encountered in the household, these were not due to case-to-case spread because more than one phage type of staphylococcus was isolated.In one family investigated, there had been a dissemination of a hospital-acquired staphylococcus to another member of the household.No infections were encountered in which the ‘epidemic strain’ 80/81 was responsible.I wish to express my gratitude to Dr R. E. O. Williams of the Staphylococcal Reference Laboratory, Colindale, for his assistance in this work.

The laboratory maintenance of Sanguinicola inermis Plehn, 1905 (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Kirk ◽  
J. W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Tinca Tinca ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Laboratory Infection ◽  
Laboratory Maintenance

SUMMARYMethodology is described for the laboratory maintenance of the life-cycle of Sanguinicola inermis, using common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as the definitive host and Lymnaea peregra as the intermediate host. Lymnaea auricularia was also infected but is not considered to be a suitable laboratory host. Tench (Tinca tinca) were susceptible to infection at high cercarial doses but subsequent infection rates were low. Goldfish (Carassius auratus) and Lymnaea stagnalis were refractory to laboratory infection.

Total protein and carbohydrate content and protease and disaccharidase activities in the hemolymph of Lymnaea stagnalis naturally infected with digenean larvae

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Dmochowska ◽  
Katarzyna Kamińska ◽  
Regina Frączek ◽  
Krystyna Żółtowska ◽  
Elżbieta Żbikowska
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Diplostomum Pseudospathaceum ◽  
Hemolymph Sample ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractLymnaea stagnalis is an intermediate host of many Digenea. The infestation affects host metabolism. The aim of the work was to investigate hemolymph biochemical indicators of L. stagnalis infected with four species of trematodes: Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, Paryphostomum radiatum, Plagiorchis elegans or Opisthioglyphe ranae. The protein profiles and proteinase activity in the hemolymph of sexually mature individuals of Lymnaea stagnalis maintained at 19°C were tested. As the carbohydrates are main substrates for energetic metabolism of the great pond snail their content and disaccharidase activity were also studied. Hemolymph samples were collected during weeks 3 and 4 of rearing. No significant differences in the total protein content between uninfected individuals and snails infected with the first three trematode species were detected. In the snails infected with O. ranae the quantity of total proteins was near twice higher than in those uninfected. A higher share of 70 kDa proteins in infected than in uninfected snails as well as reduction of the low molecular weight fractions of proteins for snails infected with D. pseudospathaceum and P. radiatum were detected. During week 3, carbohydrate content in the infected snails did not differ from that in the controls while during week 4 it was significantly lower in snails infected with P. elegans or O. ranae. The content of the major soluble carbohydrate in the hemolymph - saccharose — changed in a similar way. No activity of trypsin or pepsin in the hemolymph sample was detected while the activity of chymotrypsin was lower in infected snails vs. controls. On the other hand, saccharase and maltase activities were higher in infected than in uninfected snails. The biochemical hemolymph indicators in naturally infected host-snails show some differences depending on the parasite species but they are not sufficiently species-specific to offer the basis for establishing the model unique for a particular parasitosis. Our results from the field did not always coincide with those from the laboratory.

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