Eimeria spermophili n. sp. and other Eimeria spp. (Sporozoa, Eimeriidae) from three species of Alberta Spermophilus (Rodentia, Sciuridae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. J. Hilton ◽  
Jerome L. Mahrt
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Spermophilus Columbianus ◽  
Eimeria Spp

Oocysts of Eimeria bilamellata and E. callospermophili were each present in fecal samples from Spermophilus columbianus, S. franklinii, and S. richardsonii. Oocysts of E. lateralis were present in samples from S. columbianus and S. richardsonii. Eimeria spermophili n. sp. is described. It was present in fecal samples from S. franklinii and S. richardsonii. The differences in size of oocysts of each of the four species of Eimeria from the three host species are compared.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites of calves in Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong district of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
TC Nath ◽  
MJU Bhuiyan ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp

To investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of calves, 450 feacal samples were collected from Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong District of Bangladesh during the period from 2011 to 2012. Fecal samples of calves aged up to 6 months of three different genotypes were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The results of faecal examination revealed that 54.22% calves were infected with some of the parasites. Toxocara spp (22.66%), Eimeria spp (17.33%), Strongyloides spp (6.44%), gastrointestinal strongyles (3.78%), Moniezia spp (01.78%), Trichuris spp (01.56%) and Fasciola gigantica (0.66%) were found. We found eggs of Toxocara spp eggs, Strongyloides spp eggs and oocysts of Eimeria spp during the age of first month, gastrointestinal strongyles eggs and Moniezia eggs at/during/within the age of 3 months and eggs of Trichuris spp and Fasciola gigantic during the age of five months of age. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Local, Shahiwal cross and Holstein Frisian cross were 46%, 52% and 62%, respectively. The age and genotype of the calves and the locality of investigations might have influenced the prevalence of the parasitic infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18494 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 139-142

scholarly journals Use of Mini-FLOTAC and Fill-FLOTAC for rapidly diagnosing parasitic infections in zoo mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Michele Capasso ◽  
Maria Paola Maurelli ◽  
Davide Ianniello ◽  
Leucio Camara Alves ◽  
Alessandra Amadesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Flotac Technique

Abstract Animals reared in restricted environments are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal infection by helminths and protozoa and therefore zoos are characterized as being parasite-rich environments. Successful implementation of control programs of these parasites in zoo environment depends upon precise and rapid diagnosing of gastrointestinal infections. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of the Mini-FLOTAC technique in combination with Fill-FLOTAC for rapidly diagnosing parasitic infections in zoo mammals. Fecal samples were collected from 70 animals in four different zoos located in central and southern Italy. All the samples were analyzed using Mini-FLOTAC in combination with Fill-FLOTAC. Out of the 70 pooled samples examined, 80% (24/30) were positive for at least one parasite. Among the gastrointestinal nematodes, Strongyles were the most frequent (40%), followed by Trichuris spp. (23.3%), Parascaris spp. (13.3%) and Capillaria spp. (3.3%). Among the protozoa, Blastocystis spp., Giardia spp. and Eimeria spp. were detected in 6.6%, 3.3% and 3.3%, respectively. These results show that Mini-FLOTAC in combination with Fill-FLOTAC can be used, not only for rapidly diagnosing parasitic infections in zoo mammals, but also for monitoring control programs in which large numbers of fecal samples need to be examined rapidly and reliably.

Taxonomy of trypanosomes (Protozoa: Trypanosomatidae) ofSpermophilusspp. (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Parasitology ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. J. Hilton ◽  
Jerome L. Mahrt
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Spermophilus Columbianus

(1)Spermophilus columbianus, S. franklinii, S. lateralis tescorum, S. richardsonii, S. tridecemlineatusands. undulatus plesius(ground squirrels) were collected from Alberta and Yukon Territory (S. u. plesiusonly), Canada. Trypanosome infections were detected in all butS. l. tescorum. (2) All six species of squirrels were experimentally inoculated with trypanosomes from naturally infectedS. columbianus, S. franklinii, S. richardsoniiandS. tridecemlineatus. The strains fromS. columbianus, S. richardsoniiandS. tridecemlineatusproduced infections in some or all of the other host species, whereas the strain fromS. frankliniidid not. (3) Natural transmission of trypanosomes has not been demonstrated, but it seems likely that fleas act as vectors. (4) Intensities and durations of experimental infections were variable and depended upon the trypanosome strain, host species and individual. Infections were non-pathogenic. (5) Previously infected ground squirrels could not be reinfected with the same or a different trypanosome strain and immunity appeared to be lifelong. (6) Size comparisons among and within trypanosome strains from naturally and experimentally infected ground squirrels revealed that the strains fromS. frankliniiandS. tridecemlineatuswere similar to one another, but different from the other three trypanosome strains (those fromS. columbianus, S. richardsoniiandS. undulatus). (7) It is suggested that there is only one species of trypanosome,Trypanosoma otospermophili, in the genusSpermophilusin North America and that differences in size and types of infection are due to host-induced variations (i.e. they are plastoxenodemes).T. spermophili(present in EurasianSpermophilusspp.) might be synonymous withT. otospermophili.

scholarly journals Eimeria infections in goats in Southern Portugal

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Machado Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Maria João Martins Vila-Viçosa ◽  
Telmo Nunes ◽  
Anja Taubert ◽  
Carlos Hermosilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Prevalent Species

Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria species is a major form of intestinal infection affecting intensively and semi-intensively reared goats. The province of Alentejo is the main goat-producing area in Portugal. Therefore, all 15 Serpentina goat farms in Alentejo were analyzed regarding the occurrence and diversity of Eimeria species. Fecal samples obtained from 144 animals (52.1% dairy goats, 47.9% pre-pubertal goats) were examined using the modified McMaster technique to determine the number of oocysts per gram of feces. Eimeria spp. oocysts were present in 98.61% of the fecal samples and, overall, nine different Eimeria species were identified. The most prevalent species were E. ninakohlyakimovae (88%) and E. arloingi (85%), followed by E. alijevi (63%) and E. caprovina(63%). The average number of oocysts shed was significantly lower in dairy goats than in pre-adult animals. Astonishingly, no clinical signs of coccidiosis were observed in any of the animals examined, even though they were shedding high numbers of oocysts and were infected with highly pathogenic species. Thus, implementation of routine diagnostic investigation of the occurrence and diversity of caprine Eimeria species may be a useful tool for determination and better understanding of their potential economic impact on goat herds in southern Portugal.

scholarly journals Natural infection by Eimeria spp. in a cohort of lambs raised extensively in Northeast Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizia Maria da Silva ◽  
Elias Jorge Facury-Filho ◽  
Maria Fátima Souza ◽  
Múcio Flávio Barbosa Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Mixed Nature ◽  
Eimeria Infection

The aim of the study was to examine and describe the changes in the course of Eimeria infection in a cohort of lambs of the mixed breed Santa Inês raised extensively on a farm in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. The study was carried out between April and August 2008, during which period fecal samples were collected on a weekly basis from each of the 27 male lambs starting from the day after birth until the age of 90 days. Samples were analyzed under optical microscope and those testing positive for Eimeria oocysts were submitted to a quantitative analysis. Oocysts were detected in 17% of the lambs by week 3, but by week 6 100% of the animals were infected. Eight species of Eimeria were identified in the fecal samples, namely, in decreasing order of prevalence, E. crandallis, E. parva, E. granulosa, E. ovinoidalis, E. ahsata, E. ovina, E. faurei and E. intricata. Of the 191 fecal samples that contained Eimeria oocysts, only 32 (16.8%) were infected with a single species whereas 23 (12.0%) were infected with at least two species and 136 (71.2%) harbored three or more species. Although Eimeria coccidiosis is a complex disease owing to the mixed nature of the infective agents, an ongoing prevention program should be implemented to reduce production losses.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of porcine teschovirus, porcine sapelovirus, and enterovirus G in captive wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) of Paraná state, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane G. Donin ◽  
Raquel de A. Leme ◽  
Alice F. Alfieri ◽  
Geraldo C. Alberton ◽  
Amauri A. Alfieri
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Porcine Sapelovirus

AbstractPorcine teschovirus (PTV), porcine sapelovirus (PSV), and enterovirus G (EV-G) are infectious agents specific to pig host species that are endemically spread worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the natural infection by these porcine enteric picornaviruses in wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) of Paraná state, Brazil, and to evaluate peccaries (Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari) as alternative host species for these viruses. Fecal samples (n=36) from asymptomatic wild boars (n=22) with ages ranging from 2 to 7 months old (young, n=14) and 2 to 4 years old (adult, n=8) and from peccaries (6 to 8 months old, n=14) were collected from a farm and a zoo, respectively, both located in Paraná state. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested-PCR (n-PCR) assays targeting the 5'non-translated region of the virus genome were used for screening the viruses. Porcine enteric picornaviruses were detected in 12 out of the 22 wild boar fecal samples. According to each of the viruses, EV-G was most frequently (11/22, 50%) detected, followed by PTV (10/22, 45.5%) and PSV (4/22, 18.2%). Regarding the age groups, young wild boars were more frequently (9/14, 64.3%) infected with PTV, PSV, and EV-G than adult animals (3/8, 37.4%). One n-PCR amplified product for each of the viruses was submitted to sequencing analysis and the nucleotide sequences were compared with the related viruses, which showed similarities varying from 97.7% to 100% for PTV, 92.4% to 96.2% for PSV, and 87.1% to 100% for EV-G. Peccaries tested negative for the viruses and in this study they did not represent infection reservoirs. This study is the first to report the molecular detection of PTV, PSV, and EV-G from captive wild boars in a South American country and the first to screen peccaries as alternative host species for porcine enteric picornavirus.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Kalasin Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 2091-2096
Author(s):  
Sirikanda Thanasuwan ◽  
Supawadee Piratae ◽  
Anupong Tankrathok
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Fasciola Spp ◽  
And Control ◽  
Concentration Methods

Background and Aim: Parasitic infections are one of the major problems to the production of cattle in Thailand. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of cattle in Kalasin Province, Thailand. Materials and Methods: A total of 333 fecal samples of cattle were collected directly from the rectum. The fecal samples were subjected to formalin-ethyl acetate concentration methods for examination. The eggs or oocysts were identified based on the morphology and size of the eggs or oocysts. Results: Out of 333 fecal samples examined, 320 were found positive for GI parasitic infections with a prevalence of 96.09%. Overall, among the prevalence of nematodes, trematodes, and protozoa, the most prevalent parasites were Strongyle-type 278 (84.24%), followed by Strongyloides spp. 54 (16.36%) and Trichuris spp. 75 (22.73%), while Protozoan oocyst recorded Eimeria spp. amounted to 131 (39.7%). Fasciola spp. and Paramphistomum spp. were 67 (20.30%) and 81 (24.55%), respectively. Most of the positive fecal samples were infected with the double infection which has the highest prevalence rate of about 40.24%, followed by single, three, and 4-5 types of parasites 30.63, 16.82, and 7.21%, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that Kalasin Province is highly endemic for GI parasites and this area may be an important source for an outbreak. Therefore, every household should deworm its cattle and eliminate and control snails as intermediate hosts. Findings from this study provide information that will assist in improving the cattle in Kalasin Province for better production and higher profitability.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of Eimeria spp. natural infection in sheep from northern Paraná, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Gomes Carneiro ◽  
João Pedro Sasse ◽  
Ana Clécia dos Santos Silva ◽  
Mércia de Seixas ◽  
Aline Ticiani Pereira Paschoal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Intensive Rearing

Abstract The present study aimed to perform an epidemiological and morphological identification of Eimeria infection in sheep in Brazil. Fecal samples from sheep were collected from 20 farms in northern Paraná, Brazil. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to evaluate the risk factors. Fecal samples containing oocysts per gram of feces (OoPG) ≥1000 were subjected to the modified Willis-Mollay method to perform oocyst identification. Sporulated oocysts were observed microscopically for morphological identification. A total of 807 fecal samples were collected. Based on the morphological characteristics of the sporulated oocysts, 10 species of Eimeria were identified, with main species observed: Eimeira ovinoidalis (98.1%), Eimeria crandallis (87.6%), Eimeria parva (79.1%), and Eimeria bakuensis (60.8%). Only 2.6% (7/268) of the sheep were infected with a single species, 4.8% (13/268) contained two different species, and 92.5% (248/268) were infected with three or more species. The analysis of risk factors showed that an intensive rearing, no rotation of pasture, dirt, and slatted floors, and age up to 12 months were associated with infection. This study showed a high prevalence of Eimeria natural infection in sheep from northern Paraná, Brazil. Furthermore, based on the risk factors, good management and hygiene practices must be employed to avoid infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 2339-2345
Author(s):  
Fitrine Ekawasti ◽  
Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo ◽  
Lintang Winantya Firdausy ◽  
April Hari Wardhana ◽  
Dyah Haryuningtyas Sawitri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Intensively Managed

Background and Aim: Eimeria spp. are gastrointestinal protozoans that affect animal productivity, thereby causing symptoms that range from bloody diarrhea to death. These symptoms cause economic losses to farmers. The distribution of Eimeria spp. in cattle has, therefore, been reported to have spread widely, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Indonesia is a tropical country at high risk of Eimeria infections. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors related to the levels of eimeriosis in beef cattle originating from different geographic areas in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Here, 817 fecal samples were collected from beef cattle in Indonesia, including 282 calves, 535 adults, 530 males, and 287 females. In addition, 156 semi-intensively and 661 intensively managed cattle were randomly collected. Then, fecal samples were analyzed by parasitology examinations. Results: Screening examination using the sugar flotation modification method showed that Eimeria spp. were prevalent in Indonesia, as 65.4% of the bacterial strain was detected. The prevalence of identified Eimeria spp. in Indonesia was highest in North Maluku (Maluku Island) (94.1%), whereas the lowest levels were observed in West Java (24.0%) (Java Island). The prevalence was also found to be higher in males (79.3%) than females (51.9%). Similarly, levels in semi-intensively managed cattle (66.7%) were higher than those subjected to intensive management (65.9%). However, its prevalence in calf and adult cattle was similar. Conclusion: Bovine eimeriosis spp. were detected at high prevalence in Indonesia, and high-level risks were observed in infected males, including those under the semi-intensive management. In addition, although the results from oocyst examinations were based on qualitative analysis, the endemicity levels of Eimeria spp. among farms in Indonesia should be considered because Eimeria spp. were distributed in most parts of Indonesia. Based on the results of this study, we provide the first information about the prevalence of bovine eimeriosis from different geographical locations in Indonesia, which have differing climates associated with the level of the existing risk factors. Hence, farmers are advised to pay more attention to strict biosecurity techniques on their farms, thereby favoring the early control of bovine eimeriosis.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of Antimicrobial Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolates from Integrated Multisite Cohorts of Humans and Swine

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 3672-3681 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Q. Alali ◽  
H. M. Scott ◽  
R. B. Harvey ◽  
B. Norby ◽  
D. B. Lawhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Food System ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Swine Workers

ABSTRACT In a 3-year longitudinal study, we examined the relationship between the seasonal prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) Escherichia coli isolates from human wastewater and swine fecal samples and the following risk factors: the host species, the production type (swine), the vocation (human swine workers, non-swine workers, and slaughter plant workers), and the season, in a multisite, vertically integrated swine and human population representative of a closed agri-food system. Human and swine E. coli (n = 4,048 and 3,429, respectively) isolates from wastewater and fecal samples were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, using the Sensititre broth microdilution system. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences among AR E. coli prevalence levels of (i) the host species, in which swine isolates were at higher risk for resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, sulfisoxazole, and ampicillin; (ii) the swine production group, in which purchased boars, nursery piglets, and breeding boars isolates had a higher risk of resistance to streptomycin and tetracycline; and iii) the vocation cohorts, in which swine worker cohort isolates exhibited lower sulfisoxazole and cefoxitin prevalence than the non-swine worker cohorts, while the slaughter plant worker cohort isolates exhibited elevated cefoxitin prevalence compared to that of non-swine workers. While a high variability was observed among seasonal samples over the 3-year period, no significant temporal trends were apparent. There were significant differences in the prevalence levels of multidrug-resistant isolates between host species, with swine at a higher risk of carrying multidrug-resistant strains than humans. Considering vocation, slaughter plant workers were at higher risk of exhibiting multidrug-resistant E. coli than non-swine workers.

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