Metazoan parasites of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) in a high arctic, landlocked lake in Canada

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beverley-Burton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Cornwallis Island

Seven species of parasitic metazoans were found in 71 arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) taken in Char Lake, Cornwallis Island, N.W.T., Canada (74°42′ N, 94°50′ W): Tetraonchus alaskensis (Monogenea); Diphyllobothrium sp. (plerocercoids), Eubothrium salvelini, Eubothrium sp., and Proteocephalus longicollis (Cestoidea); Cystidicola cristivomeri (Nematoda) and Salmincola edwardsii (Crustacea: Copepoda). Except for S. edwardsii these reports, from a population of S. alpinus which is confined to fresh water, constitute new northerly distribution records for North America. Reports of P. longicollis and C. cristivomeri from S. alpinus in Canada have not been published previously.

Preference for nearshore and estuarine habitats in anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Canadian high Arctic (Victoria Island, Nunavut) revealed by acoustic telemetry

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1434-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Sébastien Moore ◽  
Les N. Harris ◽  
Steven T. Kessel ◽  
Louis Bernatchez ◽  
Ross F. Tallman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Acoustic Telemetry ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Canadian High Arctic ◽  
Subsistence Fisheries ◽  
Victoria Island ◽  
Stock Mixing

We used an array of fixed acoustic receivers (N = 42) to track the summer marine movements of 121 anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) equipped with acoustic transmitters at three locations in the Cambridge Bay region, where commercial and subsistence fisheries target the species. The timing of transitions between salt and fresh water was influenced by the putative river of origin of tagged individuals, but not by their size or sex. Females, however, were more likely to remain proximate to rivers where they were tagged throughout the summer. A majority of fish migrated west from their rivers of origin, primarily moving between estuarine environments. Individuals occupied estuaries for several days between bouts of marine movement, and these periods of residency coincided with spring tides in some estuaries. We also recorded increased numbers of detections on receivers located less than 1.5 km from the coast, indicating a preference for nearshore habitats. Finally, we report evidence of extensive stock mixing throughout the summer, including at known fishing locations and periods, a finding with implications for fisheries management.

Preliminary Observations on the Ionic Regulation of the Arctic Char Salvelinus Alpinus

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
R. A. ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Total Sodium

1. The degree of euryhalinity in a fresh-water resident population of the arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, has been determined. 2. Although isolated in fresh water for c. 10000-12000 years these fish still show a high degree of salinity tolerance characteristic of their ancestral stock, but this is variably developed in individuals. 3. In fresh water, blood sodium concentration is regulated at 150 mM/l and chloride at 130 mM/l. These increase to 233 and 218 mm/l respectively in sea water. 4. Fish in sea water show a large increase in muscle sodium, although the potassium concentration is only slightly higher than that maintained in fresh water. The total sodium content of the fish reflects the increase observed in the intracellular and extracellular compartments. 5. The rate of sodium turnover in sea-water-adapted fish is some ten times higher than in fresh-water-adapted fish, although it is significantly lower than that observed in most sea-water-adapted teleosts.

Cannibalism and trophic structure in a high Arctic lake: insights from stable-isotope analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Hobson ◽  
Harold E. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Small Fish

Stable-nitrogen (15N/14N) isotope ratios (from 2.1‰ in moss to 14.5‰ in Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus), showed enrichment with trophic level in the food web of Char Lake, Northwest Territories, and may be used to infer trophic position. The average 15N enrichment of 1.5‰ between moss or algae and invertebrates suggests input to the food web of isotopically lighter nitrogen than that measured for these sources of primary production. Stable-carbon (13C/12C) isotope ratios differed between moss and algae by almost 10‰ and indicate that carbon in the Char Lake food web is derived from a blend of these sources of primary production. Arctic char δ15N values for muscle tissue were positively correlated with fork length and clustered into three distinct groups: small fish (1–3 cm, mean δ15N = 5.7‰), which possibly consumed more benthic particles than previously assumed; intermediate-size fish (10–35 cm, mean δ15N = 10‰), which likely depended on larval char as well as their primary zooplankton and chironomid prey; and larger Arctic char, which showed a mean stepwise increase in δ15N of 3.7‰. This suggests that complete cannibalism in this population generally occurs abruptly and is exercised by a relatively small number of large individuals.

scholarly journals The cost of anadromy: marine and freshwater mortality rates in anadromous Arctic char and brown trout in the Arctic region of Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2408-2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Johan Jensen ◽  
Bengt Finstad ◽  
Peder Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
The Arctic

It is hypothesized that in diadromous fish, migrations may occur because of differences in the availability of food in marine and freshwater habitats. The benefits of migration to sea may be increased growth opportunities and reproductive output, while the costs may be increased mortality and increased energy use. Here we examine mortality rates of anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in fresh water and at sea over a 25-year period to test these hypotheses. Daily mortality rates were 5–15 times higher at sea than in fresh water, with highest rates for first-time migrants, inferring a clear trade-off between increased mass gain and mortality risk during the sea migration. Descending smolts were caught in a trap at the outlet of the river, individually tagged, and thereafter recorded each time they passed through the trap on their annual migration between the river and the sea. Brown trout females seemed to benefit to a higher degree from migrating to sea than did female Arctic char, probably because of the higher growth rate at sea, and hence higher reproductive output.

Life History and Taxonomic Status of an Isolated Population of Arctic Char, Salvelinus alpinus, from Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1537-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Rombough ◽  
S. E. Barbour ◽  
J. J. Kerekes
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
National Park ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Meristic Characters

Landlocked Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, from Candlestick Pond, Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland, were characterized by slow growth, short life span (max 7 yr), and small size (max fork length = 164 mm). Sexual maturity was obtained at age 3, fecundity was low (max 104 ova per fish), and spawning annual. Major food items were zooplankton and aquatic insect larvae. Eight morphometric and eight meristic characters were examined and compared with available literature data for nonanadromous S. alpinus in eastern North America. Arctic char from Candlestick Pond were not significantly different from S. alpinus oquassa from Quebec and Maine but were significantly different from char from Labrador and other locations in insular Newfoundland. It is proposed that Arctic char from Candlestick Pond are descendents of an aboriginal form of S. alpinus that has been largely displaced along the Atlantic coast of North America. Key words: Salvelinus alpinus, Newfoundland, life history, taxonomic status

PARASITES FROM NORTHERN CANADA: II. HAEMATOZOA OF FISHES

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Laird
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Type Host ◽  
Large Size ◽  
First Time

Parasites were present in thin blood films from only 6 of 188 fishes of 11 species, collected in the Northwest Territories and northern Quebec. The haemoflagellate, Cryptobia gurneyorum (Minchin), is recorded from North America for the first time—from the type host, Esox lucius L., and from two new ones, Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill) and Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum). Haemogregarina irkalukpiki n.sp., characterized by its large size (av., 17.2 by 3.2 μ) and nucleophilic habit, is described from two sea-run arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.).

Morphometric and genetic analyses of two sympatric morphs of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in the Canadian High Arctic

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Arbour ◽  
D. C. Hardie ◽  
J. A. Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Resource Polymorphism ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Head Morphology

Multivariate morphometric analyses were used to examine variation in head, body, and fin shape between two sympatric morphotypes of Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758)) from Lake Hazen, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. Population structure of the Lake Hazen Arctic char was examined using five microsatellite loci. The “small” morph was found to have a larger (primarily deeper) head, larger and more elongate fins, and a deeper lateral profile than the “large” morph. The morphs also differed in allometric growth patterns. The large and small morphs do not appear to represent genetically distinct populations. The head morphology of the Lake Hazen small and large morphs exhibited similarities to benthic and pelagic morphs (respectively) from other lakes. We hypothesize that the large morph may be adapted to high-efficiency swimming and that the small morph may be adapted to low-efficiency, high-acceleration swimming. Such functional trade-offs are not uncommon among fish specializing in dispersed or mobile prey (fish and plankton) and benthic prey, respectively. The lack of apparent genetic differentiation between the morphs may suggest that the morphological differences result, to some extent, from phenotypic plasticity. Based on these results and previous analyses, it seems reasonable to conclude that Lake Hazen Arctic char represent a resource polymorphism.

Respiration of Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) From a High Arctic Lake

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Holeton
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arctic Lake ◽  
Wet Weight

The routine of resting oxygen consumption of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from a high arctic lake (74°42′N) was measured at 2 (acclimated) and 6 C (unacclimated). The oxygen uptake versus wet weight relation at 2 C was: Log O2 uptake = 0.7316 Log weight – 1.0944. Oxygen uptake was low, not showing any evidence of "cold adaptation," and was comparable to projections of oxygen uptake versus temperature relations of other salmonid fish from lower latitudes.The short term metabolic response to a rise in temperature of 4 C was independent of body size except with fish with yolk sacs and weighing less than 0.125 g.

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