Physiological consequences of filarial parasites in the frillneck lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingii, in northern Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2302-2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Christian ◽  
Gavin S. Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Host Parasite

Frillneck lizards (Chlamydosaurus kingii) in northern Australia are frequently infected by a mosquito-borne filarial parasite, Oswaldofilaria chlamydosauri. Two sites were studied and the parasite was found to be common at one but absent at the other. At the site where the parasite was present, larger lizards had a higher prevalence of infection. The number of microfilariae in the blood of the lizards was not related to blood hematocrit or hemoglobin concentration. An index of body condition was not related to the presence or number of microfilariae in the blood. Maximum rates of oxygen consumption were measured by running the lizards on a treadmill and neither the presence nor the number of microfilariae was significantly related to aerobic capacity. We also analyzed the blood and physiological parameters with respect to snout–vent length (as an indication of age) to test for consequences of chronic infection, but we found no significant relationships. Although only a few physiological parameters have been examined, the available evidence does not indicate any detrimental effects of the filarial worms on the lizards in this host–parasite association.

Peak Oxygen Consumption and Ventilatory Thresholds on Six Modes of Exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Smith ◽  
Tom R. Thomas ◽  
Ben R. Londeree ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
George Ziogas
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Capacity Measure ◽  
Post Hoc

In order to compare responses on six modes of exercise for maximal oxygen consumption [Formula: see text] and ventilatory thresholds (VT-I, VT-2), 10 male recreational exercisers (23 ± 3 yrs) completed incremental maximal tests on treadmill, stationary skier, shuffle skier, stepper, stationary cycle, and rower. After extensive habituation, [Formula: see text], VT-1, and VT-2 were determined during each maximal bout. A MANOVA followed by ANOVAs, Tukey post hoc tests, and noncentral F tests indicated that the treadmill elicited a significantly higher peak oxygen consumption than did the other modes, and the skier and stepper values were higher than the rower. [Formula: see text] at VT-1 was higher on the treadmill than cycle. The treadmill also elicited a higher [Formula: see text] at VT-2 than the shuffle skier, cycle, and rower. However, no differences were observed among modes for VT-1 and VT-2 when expressed as a percentage of [Formula: see text]. These results suggest that the treadmill elicits a higher aerobic capacity measure than other modes, but the ventilatory threshold responses [Formula: see text] are similar among modes. Key words: exercise mode, aerobic capacity, lactate threshold

β-Adrenergic receptor number in human lymphocytes is inversely correlated with aerobic capacity

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. E1106-E1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuharu Fujii ◽  
Sachiko Homma ◽  
Fumio Yamazaki ◽  
Ryoko Sone ◽  
Takeshi Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Subsequent Degradation ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Model Cell

In the present study, the relationships between β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) expression and aerobic capacity evaluated by maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) and oxygen consumption level at ventilatory threshold (V˙o 2@VT) were investigated. Seventeen physically untrained and 25 trained men participated in the study. After supine resting, the peripheral blood was sampled for preparation of lymphocytes, the model cell used to analyze the β-AR state. The total number of β-AR in lymphocytes (β-ARtotal) was inversely correlated with theV˙o 2 max( r = −0.368; P < 0.05) and theV˙o 2@VT ( r = −0.359; P < 0.05). Similar relationships were also observed between the number of β-AR in cell surface and both V˙o 2 max( r = −0.491; P < 0.05) andV˙o 2@VT ( r = −0.498; P < 0.05). However, no correlation was obtained between the number of β-AR in intracellular compartments and eitherV˙o 2 max orV˙o 2@VT. The β2-AR mRNA level quantified by the use of competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was inversely correlated withV˙o 2@VT ( r = −0.567; P < 0.05) and positively correlated with β-ARtotal( r = 0.521; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the β-AR number in lymphocytes is inversely correlated with aerobic capacity. This relationship may be explained by downregulation of β-AR, including internalization with subsequent degradation of the receptors and inhibition of the β-AR biosynthesis.

A comparison of the Charolais, British Friesian and Hereford breeds as sires of crossbred singlesuckled calves for beef production

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Haycock ◽  
D. A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Beef Cattle Production ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYIn three successive years cows from an Aberdeen Angus cross Shorthorn herd were mated to pedigree Charolais, British Friesian and Hereford bulls. A comparison of the progeny of the three breeds of sire under controlled conditions was therefore possible using a random selection of dams for mating, and identical rearing of the calves. Results for live-weight gain of the suckled progeny were analysed and showed superiority of the Charolais breed over the other two when used in this form of beef cattle production.For birth weights and daily live-weight gains, particularly during the grazing period, the Charolais cross progeny showed superiority over the other two. There was a consistent although not always statistically significant tendency for these differences between the breed crosses to occur in the male calves only, the females showing little difference between breeds. The data also showed highly significant relationships between gestation period and birth weight, both within and between breed crosses.

Effect of exposure to low temperature on normal and iron-deficient subjects

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. R380-R383 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Martinez-Torres ◽  
L. Cubeddu ◽  
E. Dillmann ◽  
G. L. Brengelmann ◽  
I. Leets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Oral Temperature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Iron Deficient

Twenty-one Venezuelan peasants were segregated into three groups on the basis of measurements of iron status: seven normal subjects, six iron-deficient subjects with normal hemoglobin and eight iron-deficient subjects with a hemoglobin concentration of less than 9 g/dl. All subjects were placed in a water bath at an initial temperature of 36 degrees C. The water temperature was then rapidly lowered to 28 degrees C, and observations were made over the period of 1 h. Mean oral temperature of the first group fell 0.2, the second group 0.5, and the third group 0.9 degrees C. Mean plasma norepinephrine levels in both groups of iron-deficient subjects were significantly higher at 36 degrees C and during cold exposure compared with control subjects. Oxygen consumption was also significantly increased in both groups of iron-deficient subjects after cold exposure.

The effect of the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis upon the respiration of its intermediate host, Gammarus pulex

Parasitology ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Rumpus ◽  
C. R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Gammarus Pulex ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Pomphorhynchus Laevis ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Host Parasite

The respiration rates of individual Gammarus pulex infected by larval Pomphorhynchus laevis were investigated with particular reference to the stage of development of the host and parasite and to the water temperature. At 20°C the oxygen consumption of Gammarus of all sizes was reduced by an average of 19·3 % by the presence of cystacanths of the parasite, but was unaffected by the presence of acanthellae. It is considered that the small size of this larval stage, in relation to that of its host, is responsible for the failure to detect an effect. Multiple infections did not exert any greater effect upon host respiration than single cystacanths, nor did it appear that the parasite had different effects upon hosts of different sexes. At 10°C no significant differences were observed between the respiration rates of infected and uninfected gammarids. The parasite was probably still depressing the host respiration rate at this temperature, but the oxygen uptake of G. pulex is so low that the differences between infected and uninfected individuals were too small to be detected. The parasite has a direct effect upon the physiological processes of the host, but neither the mechanism of this nor the reasons for the different effects found in different host-parasite systems are yet understood. Despite the pronounced effect of P. laevis on respiration of individual hosts, its effect upon the oxygen consumption of a natural host population is small since only a small proportion of the population carries infections and water temperatures remain below 10°C for over half the year.

Hypothermia in iron deficiency due to altered triiodothyronine metabolism

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. R377-R381 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dillman ◽  
C. Gale ◽  
W. Green ◽  
D. G. Johnson ◽  
B. Mackler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Catecholamine Response ◽  
Cutaneous Vasoconstriction

Iron-deficient rats become hypothermic and have an excessive catecholamine response when exposed to an ambient temperature of 4 degrees C. This is not due to changes in body insulation, since thickness is unaltered, since differences persist after removal of hair, and since cutaneous vasoconstriction is intact. On the other hand, oxygen consumption of iron-deficient animals at 4 degrees C is reduced, 39 +/- 3 ml . kg-1 . min-1 compared to 63 +/- 2 in control animals. Thyroxine (T4) values at 4 degrees C were 4.34 +/- 0.20 microgram/dl sera as compared to control values of 3.6 +/- 0.32. Triiodothyronine (T3) values of iron-deficient animals in the cold were 48 +/- 6.8 ng/dl as compared to 72 +/- 5.6 in control animals. Treatment of iron-deficient animals with iron was shown to normalize the plasma T3 response at 4 degrees C within 6 days. Thyroidectomized iron-deficient animals injected with T3 did not show hypothermia at 4 degrees C, whereas thyroidectomized iron-deficient animals injected with T4 showed hypothermia, increased catecholamines, and decreased T3 levels as compared to non-iron-deficient animals similarly treated. It is proposed that iron deficiency impairs conversion of T4 to T3 and that this is primarily responsible for the hypothermia observed.

scholarly journals Awareness of fishermen for managing fish sanctuary in some selected areas of Jamalpur District in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
L Akter ◽  
MJ Hoque ◽  
MA Kashem ◽  
TD Nath
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Other ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge

The purposes of the study were to determine the extent of awareness of the fishermen in managing fish sanctuary and to find out the relationships between the extent of awareness of the fishermen and their selected characteristics. Data were collected from 90 purposively selected fishermen (out of 105) from Ghosherpara Union of Melandah Upazila Under Jamalpur District. A pre-tested and structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the fishermen during the period of 19 March to 30 March, 2013. The findings indicated that majority of the respondents (74.5 percent) had medium awareness and 25.5 percent having high awareness. Out of ten selected characteristics, the fishermen’s age, level of education, fish culture experience, communication exposure and agricultural knowledge on fish sanctuary showed significant positive relationships with their extent of awareness in managing fish sanctuary. On the other hand, household size, farm size, annual family income, training exposure and credit received had no significant relationships with their extent of awareness in managing fish sanctuary. So, to increase awareness of the fishermen in managing sanctuary, proper guidance and strengthening fisheries extension service should be done by fisheries extension workers/ upazila fisheries officer through arranging different activities including training, field visit or using different communication media etc.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 339-345, 2016

scholarly journals Transcriptome of the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni during intra-mammalian development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arporn Wangwiwatsin ◽  
Anna V. Protasio ◽  
Shona Wilson ◽  
Christian Owusu ◽  
Nancy E. Holroyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Parasitic Flatworm ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractSchistosomes are parasitic blood flukes that survive for many years within the mammalian host vasculature. How the parasites establish a chronic infection in the hostile bloodstream environment, whilst evading the host immune response is poorly understood. The parasite develops morphologically and grows as it migrates to its preferred vascular niche, avoiding or repairing damage from the host immune system. In this study, we investigated temporal changes in gene expression during the intra-mammalian development of Schistosoma mansoni. RNA-seq data were analysed from parasites developing in the lung through to egg-laying mature adult worms, providing a comprehensive picture of in vivo intra-mammalian development. Remarkably, genes involved in signalling pathways, developmental control, and adaptation to oxidative stress were up-regulated in the lung stage. The data also suggested a potential role in immune evasion for a previously uncharacterised gene. This study not only provides a large and comprehensive data resource for the research community, but also reveals new directions for further characterising host–parasite interactions that could ultimately lead to new control strategies for this neglected tropical disease pathogen.Author SummaryThe life cycle of the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni is split between snail and mammalian (often human) hosts. An infection can last for more than 10 years, during which time the parasite physically interacts with its mammalian host as it moves through the bloodstream, travelling through the lungs and liver, to eventually establish a chronic infection in the blood vessels around the host gut. Throughout this complex journey, the parasite develops from a relatively simple larval form into a more complex, sexually reproducing adult. To understand the molecular basis of parasite interactions with the host during this complex journey we have produced genome-wide expression data from developing parasites. The parasites were collected from experimentally-infected mice over its developmental time-course from the poorly studied lung stage, to the fully mature egg-laying adult worm. The data highlight many genes involved in processes known to be associated with key stages of the infection. In addition, the gene expression data provide a unique view of interactions between the parasite and the immune system in the lung, including novel players in host-parasite interactions. A detailed understanding of these processes may provide new opportunities to design intervention strategies, particularly those focussed on the early stages of the infection that are not targeted by current chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Aerobic capacity and respiratory patterns are better in recreational basketball-engaged university students than age-matched untrained males

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Mladen Mikić ◽  
Marko D.M. Stojanović ◽  
Aleksandra Milovančev ◽  
Tatjana Miljković ◽  
Marija Bjelobrk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
University Students ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Recreational Basketball

Abstract Study aim: To asses and compare the aerobic capacity and respiratory parameters in recreational basketball-engaged university students with age-matched untrained young adults. Material and methods: A total of 30 subjects were selected to took part in the study based on recreational-basketball activity level and were assigned to a basketball (BG: n = 15, age 22.86 ± 1.35 yrs., body height 185.07 ± 5.95 cm, body weight 81.21 ± 6.15 kg) and untrained group (UG: n = 15, age 22.60 ± 1.50 yrs., body height 181.53 ± 6.11 cm, body weight 76.89 ± 7.30 kg). Inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), forced expiration volume (FEV1), FEV1/IVC ratio, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VO2VT) and time to exhaustion, were measured in all subjects. Student T-test for independent Sample and Cohen’s d as the measure of the effect size were calculated. Results: Recreational basketball-engaged students (EG) reached significantly greater IVC (t = 7.240, p < 0.001, d = 1.854), FEV1 (t = 10.852, p < 0.001, d = 2.834), FEV1/IVC ratio (t = 6.370, p < 0.001, d = 3.920), maximal oxygen consumption (t = 9.039, p < 0.001, d = 3.310), ventilatory threshold (t = 9.859, p < 0.001, d = 3.607) and time to exhaustion (t = 12.361, p < 0.001, d = 4.515) compared to UG. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to recreational basketball leads to adaptive changes in aerobic and respiratory parameters in male university students.

scholarly journals Effect of the Clenbuterol drug in some physiological parameters in male rabbits(Oryctolagus cuniculs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-648
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Blood Samples

This study was designed to investigate the effect of the Clenbuterol drug in some physiological parameters of Liver, Kidney function and lipidprofie concentration. Fourty adult male rabbits were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups,the first group was given distilled water (control) ,while the other third groups were given (2,4,6 µg/kg) of Clenbuterol drug for 30 days. Blood samples were collected after 14 and 30 days of the treatment for biochemical study. Drug caused non significant increase(P

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document