scholarly journals Alpha status, dominance, and division of labor in wolf packs

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1196-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
L David Mech
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Social ◽  
Labor System ◽  
Prevailing View

The prevailing view of a wolf (Canis lupus) pack is that of a group of individuals ever vying for dominance but held in check by the "alpha" pair, the alpha male and alpha female. Most research on the social dynamics of wolf packs, however, has been conducted on non-natural assortments of captive wolves. Here I describe the wolf-pack social order as it occurs in nature, discuss the alpha concept and social dominance and submission, and present data on the precise relationships among members in free-living packs, based on a literature review and 13 summers of observations of wolves on Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. I conclude that the typical wolf pack is a family, with the adult parents guiding the activities of the group in a division-of-labor system in which the female predominates primarily in such activities as pup care and defense and the male primarily during foraging and food-provisioning and the travels associated with them.

scholarly journals Sociology as Scientific Knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Sandro Serpa ◽  
Carlos Miguel Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Scientific Representation ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Social Construction Of Reality ◽  
The Social

Abstract Sociology is a science with specificities and which can potentially offer a more rigorous knowledge about reality. The goal of this position paper is, by means of a thorough literature review, to contribute to demonstrating the urgency of using a sociological stance in a more complete understanding of the social, as well as of Sociology itself as a science. It is concluded that Sociology, a multi-paradigmatic science, seeks to articulate macro-social dynamics with local processes, allowing to connect the subjective significances with the practices, and which focus on the articulations between systems and actors, between structures and practices, between the reality of the social conditions of existence, and the social construction of reality. As an implication, Sociology as a scientific representation and practice of the social, can be cumbersome by helping to dismantle commonly shared preconceived ideas about the instituted social order.

scholarly journals The Role of the London Missionary Society and Church Missionary Society in the Abolition of Oozhiyam (Bonded Labor Service) in Kerala

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayyappan Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bonded Labor ◽  
Church Missionary Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
Labor System ◽  
London Missionary Society

Bonded labor is the most widespread form of slavery in the world. It is at once the most ancient and most contemporary face of human servitude. In India, 'labor' is more a social category than economics, where the division of labor and laborer is defined according to the caste. The caste system is not a scientific division of labor, which is, after all, necessary for the efficient functioning of any economy. It is an arbitrary, birth-determined hierarchy in which different types of laborers are graded one above the other and subject to a descending scale of civil disabilities that have nothing to do with efficiency or productivity. It is not a division based on choice, as individual sentiment, preference, or even actual skill, have no place in it. Caste slavery was an oppressive, discriminative, and exploitive system which existed in Kerala from an early medieval period onwards. In the social structure of Kerala, the bonded or forced labor system was an unavoidable factor of slavery. As the system of bonded labor was associated with feudalism, land-based social relations were formed in the state. The oozhiyam or bonded labor system, therefore strictly connected with the caste oriented slavery in Kerala. Under the system of oozhiyam, the economically under-privileged servants were obliged to render bonded services on all days of the week as required by the government officials and the higher castes. The main force behind this system was the coercive authority of the government and the privileged class. Nobody dared to evade the services demanded by the government. Only on the days of the oozhiyam services, the laborers received a minimum quantity of food to keep their body and soul together. This essay mainly focuses on the ameliorating activities of the Christian missionaries, such as the London Missionary Society (LMS) and Church Missionary Society (CMS), among the oppressed sections of the society of Kerala. In addition to the social legislations of the government, the intervention of Christian missionaries also helped in the permanent abolition of the system of oozhiyam in Kerala.

scholarly journals Social drama of independence

2021 ◽  
Vol - (3) ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Sergii Proleiev
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

The article analyzes the problem of Ukraine's development since independence. A comparison of the way of organizing social reality in modern Ukraine and in the Soviet period is carried out. The main regulatory factor in the life of Soviet society was the principle of domination. Ukraine has inherited the principle of domination and retains its leading role in the current social order. Its various manifestations that determine the structure of Ukrainian society, in particular the growth of the bureaucratic class and bureaucratic pressure on all spheres and sections of life, are analyzed. The dominance of bureaucracy contains latent violence, feeds corruption and minimizes social dynamics. It is also a phenomenon of power rent, which finds its expression in a kind of "privatization of the state." Another universal effect of the principle of domination is the doubling of social reality into apparent and hidden. The apparent reality becomes a space for the existence of ordinary citizens and the implementation of legal procedures, while the hidden one contains a system of real circulation of power, which is not regulated by any legal regulations, instead, controls all movements of the social body. The systemic role in the hidden society is played by cliques — informal groups of influential people who really control the course of events. The con- sequence of the principle of domination is the passivity and marginalization of the Ukrainian citizen, associated with the defect of political participation. Such non-participation in power is embodied in such forms of consciousness as hope, liking, and despair. Today, independence is not a given, but a chance that must be realized. The way to this is through the restoration of the role of the people as a sovereign power and the development of non-dominant regulatory factors of sociality.

Passing as an Indicator of Social Dominance Among Female Wild and Domestic Norway Rats

Behaviour ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 118 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terra Ziporyn ◽  
Martha K. McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
General Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Activity Level ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Norway Rats

AbstractThe most frequent form of social interaction between pairs of wild or domestic rats (Rattus norvegicus) was passing behaviour in the narrow burrows and open field of seminatural environments. This behaviour occurs when a moving rat approaches another, either head-to-head or head-to-tail; the passed animal freezes while the passing rat continues, side touching side. The social dominance manifest by this behaviour correlated significantly with fighting dominance, particularly among female wild and domestic rats. In addition, dominance during displacements for access to food and water correlated with the dominance relationship in passing within pairs of domestic female rats. Although both passing and general activity had the same crepuscular daily rhythm, passing dominance did not correlate with individual differences in general activity level. Thus passing indicates social order and is not simply a by-product of general activity. Because passing occurs ten times more frequently than fights, in future studies it may be a more powerful indicator of female dominance and social order.

scholarly journals Walter Ong's Paradigm and Chinese Literacy

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ze
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Traditional Learning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Walter Ong ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Literate Society

Abstract: Oral residues in Chinese written tradition were maintained by the ruling authorities for the facilitation of correct moral education of the masses, and propagated largely through the traditional learning methodology. When an overwhelming web of ideological control was tailored through the production and dissemination of standardized written texts, oral residues and restricted literacy acted as the agents for the maintenance of the established educational system and social order. This article applies and extends Ong's thesis of nine general features of oral mentality to the China example and explores the social impact of oral residues in a literate society. It concludes, through the study of China's case, that the social dynamics of communication technologies are determined not by the functions of the technologies, but by how the technologies are socially organized. Résumé: Les autorités dominantes maintinrent des vestiges oraux dans la tradition d'écriture chinoise pour faciliter l'éducation morale correcte des masses, et propagèrent ces vestiges en grande partie par la méthode d'apprentissage traditionnelle. Quand les autorités mirent en place un réseau de contrôle idéologique envahissant en produisant et en disséminant des textes écrits standardisés, les vestiges oraux et un alphabétisme restreint aidèrent à maintenir le système éducatif et l'ordre social établis. Cet article se rapporte à la thèse de Walter Ong sur les neuf caractéristiques générales d'une mentalité orale et l'applique à l'exemple chinois, tout en explorant l'impact social de vestiges oraux dans une société alphabète. L'article conclut, en faisant une étude du cas chinois, que les dynamiques sociales des technologies de communication sont déterminées non par les fonctions de ces technologies, mais par comment celles-ci sont organisées socialement.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMASI KOMUNIKASI NON VERBAL PAYAS AGUNG BADUNG PADA UPACARA PERKAWINAN BAGI UMAT HINDU DI KOTA DENPASAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Tjokorda Istri Bintang Kencana Dewi ◽  
I Wayan Wastawa ◽  
I Dewa Ketut Wisnawa
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
New Order ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Times ◽  
Consumptive Behavior

<em><span lang="IN">The transformation in Balinese bridal make-up and dress, especially regarding the details on the face and head decoration of the bride, is not solely due to the wishes of the bride herself, but because of the demands of the times. The transformation of traditional Balinese bridal make-up and clothing into the form of modified bridal make-up and clothing cannot be separated from the development of the socio-cultural dynamics of the Denpasar community itself. The dynamic itself can be understood as starting from the emergence of a new trend in Balinese life cycle rituals, especially in wedding ceremonies, namely the emergence of pre-wedding culture among young people which began in the 2001s.</span><span lang="IN">The implications of the transformation in Balinese bridal make-up and clothing have had various implications for the social life of people all over the world. The changes that occur in society are caused by three main factors, namely; the need for democratization, advances in science and technology and globalization.</span><span lang="IN">Implications for social dynamics The development of this kind of globalization will certainly bring about social change. One of the most prominent socio-cultural changes that occurred as a result of the development of this globalization era was the strengthening of the consumptive behavior of the community, including the people of Denpasar.</span><span lang="IN">The transformation of values in the field of Balinese make-up and bridal clothing, either at the level of nista, middle or at the level of Payas agung is due to the development of an increasingly modern society. This can not be separated from the existence of a new order in the development of the social system in this country, including the social order of the Denpasar community, which has implications for various aspects of community life, such as in the field of education</span></em>

scholarly journals RESPONS KOMUNITAS NELAYAN TERHADAP MODERNISASI PERIKANAN: STUDI KASUS NELAYAN SUKU BAJO DI DESA LAGASA KABUPATEN MUNA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Awaludin Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Work Pattern ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Labor System ◽  
The Relationship

Fishery modernization by the Government of Indonesian is intended to alleviate fishery community poverty including for Bajau Ethnic fishermen.  This research is aimed at studying the relationship between the meaning of sea and work by fishermen and their acceptance to fishery modernization, impact analyzing of fishery modernization to work pattern, social structure, and the propesperity level.  This research is conducted in Lagasa Village, District Of Muna Southeast Sulawesi where Bajau ethnic stay.  Respondents consist of 45 ponggawas, 30 local sawies, and 25 sawies from outside village, 5 others as informants. Impacts of modernization to the fisherman community were shown by changes of job pattern that consisted of increasingly the capacity to explore and number of workers (sawi), the character of job tent semi-free labor system, the recruitment of workers became more selective, and the division of labor became more clear and hierarchism. After that, the impacts on the social structure occurred especially on the organizing of sharing holder system that was increasingly more formal, social stratification became more complex, economic activity more differentiated, and the pattern of work relation became semi-exploitative.Key words: impact of modernization, fisherman community, Bajau ethnic

The Social Order Yields to Functional Analysis

1958 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 158-160
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE SCHLESINGER
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The Social

Review of The Social Dynamics of Self-Esteem: Theory to Therapy.

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Social
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