Fine-scale temperature effects on cricket calling song

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon D Martin ◽  
David A Gray ◽  
William H Cade
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature on the structure of cricket calling song were examined in the trilling field cricket Gryllus integer. A repeated-measures design was used to assess the effects of temperature and individual differences among males simultaneously. Temperature affected most aspects of calling song, specifically pulse length, interpulse length, peak frequency, trill length, intertrill length, and pulse duty cycle. Unaffected by temperature were the number of pulses per trill, the proportion of pulses missed within a trill, and the trill duty cycle. After controlling for temperature, significant individual differences among crickets were found in peak frequency, number of pulses per trill, trill length, and intertrill interval. Both the environmental and individual, that is, possibly genetic, influences on calling song may influence sexual communication in this species.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on life-history traits and mating calls of a field cricket, Acanthogryllus asiaticus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Singh ◽  
P Prathibha ◽  
Manjari Jain
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Developmental Temperature ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Mating Calls

AbstractEctotherms are sensitive to the changes in ambient temperature with respect to their physiology and development. To compensate for the effects of variation in temperature, ectotherms exhibit physiological plasticity which can be for short or long term. An extensive body of literature exists towards understanding these effects and the solutions ectotherms have evolved. However, to what extent rearing temperature during early life stages impacts the behaviour expressed in adulthood is less clearly understood. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effect of developmental temperature on life-history traits and mating call features in a tropical field cricket, Acanthogryllus asiaticus. We raised A. asiaticus at two different developmental conditions: 25°C and 30°C. We found developmental time and adult lifespan of individuals reared at 30°C to be shorter than those at 25°C. Increased developmental temperature influenced various body size parameters differentially. Males raised at 30°C were found to be larger and heavier than those raised at 25°C, making A. asiaticus an exception to the temperature-size rule. We found a significant effect of the change in immediate ambient temperature on different call features of both field-caught and lab-bred individuals. In addition, developmental temperature also affected mating call features as individuals raised at higher temperature produced faster calls with a higher peak frequency compared to those raised at lower temperature. However, the interaction of both developmental and immediate temperature on mating calls showed differential effects. Our study highlights the importance of understanding how environmental temperature shapes life-history and sexual communication in crickets.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Wetness Duration on the Sporulation Rate of Phomopsis viticola on Infected Grape Canes

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Anco ◽  
L. V. Madden ◽  
M. A. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Phomopsis Viticola ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Sporulation Rate

Controlled-environment studies were conducted to examine effects of temperature (T) and wetness duration (W) on the sporulation rate of Phomopsis viticola on infected grape canes and to determine effects of interrupted wetness duration (IWD) on sporulation. A split-plot design was used to determine T and W effects, with T (5, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, and 35°C) as the whole-plot and W (11, 23, 35, 47, and 71 h) as the subplot. Linear and nonlinear mixed models were fitted to the data. Lower and upper limits of sporulation were estimated to be 4 and 36°C, respectively, based on the modeling results, optimum sporulation was near 21°C, and sporulation increased monotonically with increasing wetness duration. Of the examined models, a generalization of the Analytis Beta model fit the data best, based on a collection of goodness-of-fit statistical criteria. To determine effects of IWD, a split-plot was used, with T (12, 15, and 20°C) as the whole-plot and IWD (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h) as the subplot. Generally, sporulation declined with increasing IWD. An IWD of 8 h or more resulted in significantly and substantially less sporulation compared to the control (0 h IWD) (P < 0.01). Temporal patterns of spore density in the field were determined using a repeated-measures design, in which spore density and environmental data were measured in the vineyard during and following individual rain events over 3 years. The developed model from the controlled-environment study, coupled with a time-of-season weight function and a dispersal index (based on total rain per rain episode), predicted the trend in spore density over time reasonably well, although the total magnitude of spore density could not be predicted because the density of lesions was not known. Results can be used for improving the accuracy of a disease warning system that currently only considers infection of grapes by P. viticola.

Effects of Temperature and Wetness Duration on the Sporulation of Phomopsis viticola on Infected Grape Canes

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Anco ◽  
Laurence V. Madden ◽  
Michael A. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Phomopsis Viticola ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Rain Events

In 2008, research was initiated to examine effects of temperature and wetness duration on the sporulation of Phomopsis viticola on infected grape canes and to determine effects of interrupted wetness duration on sporulation. To determine effects of temperature (T) and wetness duration (WD) on sporulation, a split-plot experimental design was used, with T (5, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, and 35°C) assigned to whole-plots and WD (11, 23, 35, 47, and 71 h) assigned to sub-plots. Linear and nonlinear mixed models were fitted to the data. Lower and upper limits of sporulation were found to be at 5 and 35°C, respectively. Optimum sporulation was near 22°C, and sporulation increased with increasing WD. Of the examined models, a generalized Analytis Beta model fit the data best. To determine effects of wetness interruption (IWD), a split-plot was used, with T (12, 15, and 20°C) assigned to whole-plots and IWD (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h) assigned to sub-plots. Generally, sporulation declined with increasing IWD. An IWD of 12 h or more resulted in significantly and substantially less sporulation compared to the control (0 h IWD). Using a repeated-measures design, spore density and environmental data were measured in the vineyard during and following individual rain events; a preliminary model predicted the temporal trend in spore density within the vineyard fairly well (R2 = 0.719), although absolute magnitude of sporulation could not be predicted. Accepted for publication 27 April 2012. Published 23 July 2012.

The effects of temperature and age on calling song in a field cricket with a complex calling song, Teleogryllus oceanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1414-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean E Walker ◽  
William H Cade
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Duration ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Carrier Frequency ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Chirp Rate ◽  
Teleogryllus Oceanicus ◽  
Temperature Pulse ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

We examined the effects of temperature and age on calling song in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. Teleogryllus oceanicus has a complex calling song made up of two different kinds of chirp, long and short. The long chirp is made up of three to eight single pulses of sound and the short chirp consists of several paired pulses. The properties of T. oceanicus calling song did not vary with age, but almost every property of the song varied with temperature. Pulse duration, interpulse interval, and pulse rate in both the long and the short chirp varied with temperature. The number of pulses in the long chirp, number of chirps in the short chirp, chirp rate in the short chirp, duration of the long chirp, carrier frequency of both the short and long chirps, and total song duration were also affected by temperature. The duration of the short chirp and the degree of frequency modulation were the only characteristics that did not vary with temperature. Temperature does not affect the properties of the long and short chirps in the same manner. The long chirp decreases in duration with temperature and has fewer pulses, while the short chirp stays the same in duration and contains a higher number of chirps. These data demonstrate that temperature influences calling-song parameters in a field cricket with a complex calling song.

Recognition Performance of Interrupted Monosyllabic Words: The Effects of Ten Interruption Locations

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Wilson ◽  
Heather M. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Word Onset ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: A previous experiment with 70 interrupted monosyllabic words demonstrated that recognition performance was influenced by the location of an interruption pattern (Wilson, 2014). The interruption paradigm (10 interruptions/sec, 50% duty cycle periodic interruption) was referenced to word onset. The words were interrupted such that alternate 50-msec segments were parsed to separate files. In the 0-msec condition the first on-segment coincided with the word onset, whereas in the 50-msec condition the first on-segment occurred 50 msec after word onset. The 0- and 50-msec conditions were complementary halves. Recognition performance by young listeners was 19% better on the 0-msec condition (86%) than on the 50-msec condition (68%); there were a minority number of words on which the results were just the opposite. A second study using the same interruption paradigm but 300 different words reported similar relations, with 63% correct recognition on the 0-msec condition and 48% on the 50-msec condition (Wilson and Irish, 2015). Both studies suggest the importance that the first 50 msec of the target word has on intelligibility. Purpose: To define in detail the effects that interruption patterns have on word recognition as the interruption pattern was incremented with reference to word onset from 0 to 90 msec in 10-msec steps. Research Design: A repeated-measures design with ten interruption patterns (onset conditions). Study Sample: Twenty-four young listeners (19–29 yr) with normal hearing for pure tones participated in this study. Data Collection and Analyses: Seventy consonant-nucleus-consonant words formed the corpus of materials with 25 additional words used for practice. For each participant, the 700 stimuli (70 words by ten onset conditions) were interrupted (10 interruptions/sec; 50% duty cycle), randomized, and recorded on compact disc in 28, 25-word tracks. Results: The overall mean recognition performance was 80.4% with mean performances for the ten conditions ranging from 73.0% (50-msec condition) to 87.7% (90-msec condition). The mean recognition performances changed systematically, decreasing from the 0-msec condition to the 50-msec condition and then increasing to the 90-msec condition, which formed a U-shaped function of the means. Of the 45 mean paired comparisons (post hoc t-tests with Bonferroni corrections), there were 17 significant differences at the p ≤ 0.001 level, increasing to 31 significant differences when the significance level was increased to the p ≤ 0.01 level. Visual inspection of the 70-word performance functions revealed that 32 words had flat functions, 34 words had U-shaped functions, two functions were rising, one was an inverted V-shape, and one was irregular. Conclusions: First, some words (utterances of those words) were immune to any differential effects of the ten interruption patterns. These words with flat performance functions constituted 46% of the word corpus. Second, 49% of the words exhibited U-shaped performance functions that were always systematic, going from maximum to minimum and back to maximum. These words were thought to be more dependent on the initial consonant to attain maximum performance. The conclusion is that some words are not affected by the location of the interruption pattern (those with flat functions) whereas other words are substantially affected (those with U-shaped functions).

scholarly journals Career adaptability and university-to-work transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1187-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Monteiro ◽  
Maria do Céu Taveira ◽  
Leandro Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Work Transition

Purpose In a socioeconomic context that is undergoing continuous change, career adaptability emerges as a central construct for understanding the employability of graduates. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to analyze intra-individual differences in career adaptability among graduates between the end of graduation (time 1) and integration into the labor market 18 months later (time 2); and second, to analyze the effect of career adaptability on graduates’ employment status 18 months after completing graduation. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 183 graduates in four different study fields (Economics, Engineering, Social Sciences and Humanities and Law) completed the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale at two different points in time: when they graduated and 18 months after graduation. To assess intra-individual differences over time and the effect of career adaptability on graduates’ employment status, a repeated measures design was used. Findings The obtained results confirmed a positive association of the four dimensions of career adaptability, with higher scores for the group of employed graduates, in the two measurement times. No statistical differences emerged within personal variables. Practical implications This study evidences the relation of career adaptability and employability and demonstrates that it is possible to identify those students who are more vulnerable in terms of career adaptability resources before university-to-work transition and, on this basis, to outline specific interventions to promote their employability. Originality/value By adopting a design with two repeated measures of career adaptability, this study offers new insights about the specific role of adaptability in a university-to-work transition period.

Power of Modified Brown-Forsythe and Mixed-Model Approaches in Split-Plot Designs

Methodology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Livacic-Rojas ◽  
Guillermo Vallejo ◽  
Paula Fernández ◽  
Ellián Tuero-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Low precision of the inferences of data analyzed with univariate or multivariate models of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in repeated-measures design is associated to the absence of normality distribution of data, nonspherical covariance structures and free variation of the variance and covariance, the lack of knowledge of the error structure underlying the data, and the wrong choice of covariance structure from different selectors. In this study, levels of statistical power presented the Modified Brown Forsythe (MBF) and two procedures with the Mixed-Model Approaches (the Akaike’s Criterion, the Correctly Identified Model [CIM]) are compared. The data were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation method with the statistical package SAS 9.2, a split-plot design, and considering six manipulated variables. The results show that the procedures exhibit high statistical power levels for within and interactional effects, and moderate and low levels for the between-groups effects under the different conditions analyzed. For the latter, only the Modified Brown Forsythe shows high level of power mainly for groups with 30 cases and Unstructured (UN) and Autoregressive Heterogeneity (ARH) matrices. For this reason, we recommend using this procedure since it exhibits higher levels of power for all effects and does not require a matrix type that underlies the structure of the data. Future research needs to be done in order to compare the power with corrected selectors using single-level and multilevel designs for fixed and random effects.

Lifestyle intervention using modified BASNEF model in hypertension management (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resti Tito Villarino ◽  
Christopher Arcay ◽  
Maria Concepcion Temblor
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
Stroke Risk Factor ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention Program

BACKGROUND Hypertension is a serious health issue and a major cardiovascular disease and stroke risk factor. In hypertensive patients, various health educational models have been used to improve their lifestyle, but the findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The study assessed the effects of a lifestyle intervention program using modified Beliefs, Attitude, Subjective Standards, Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model among non-adherent hypertensive respondents in relation to the introduction of a lifestyle intervention program in the management of hypertension. METHODS This is a quantitative quasi-experimental research particularly utilizing a repeated-measures design of within-subjects approach on the 50 non-adherent patients diagnosed with essential hypertension at Moalboal, Cebu, Philippines in 2019. The respondents received five sessions of trainings based on modified BASNEF model. The Morisky Medication Adherence instrument was used. The first phase included a demographic questionnaire and the last phase comprised the evaluation of the program. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations for descriptive statistics while t-test, repeated measures, ANOVA, and Pearson product moment correlation for inferential statistics. RESULTS The result indicated that the phase 1 mean (146.5) of the systolic readings differ significantly from the phase 4 mean (134.92) of the systolic readings. However, since these two means came from phases that were not consecutive, the result, as a whole, did not show a significant decrease or change when analyzed chronologically from one phase to the next. CONCLUSIONS The study has established that BASNEF model approach can be an effective BP management technique.

Effectiveness of a Care Delivery Model for High-Need Older Adults in Communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 104973152098235
Author(s):  
Kuei-Min Chen ◽  
Hui-Fen Hsu ◽  
Li-Yen Yang ◽  
Chiang-Ching Chang ◽  
Yu-Ming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Delivery Model ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Care Delivery Model

Purpose: This study aimed to test the effectiveness of High-Need Community-Dwelling Older Adults Care Delivery Model (HCOACDM) in Taiwan. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial with repeated measures design was conducted in eight community care centers, involving 145 high-need older adults who were assigned to the intervention group or comparison group. The HCOACDM was provided over 6 months. Functional ability, quality of life, depressive symptoms, and health care and social service utilizations were measured at baseline, at 3 months, and 6 months into the intervention. The participants’ satisfaction was measured at the end of 6-month intervention. Results: Positive effects were shown on all variables in the intervention group at both the 3-month and 6-month intervals (all p < .05). The intervention group had a higher satisfaction with care delivery than the comparison group ( p < .05). Discussion: The promising findings supported a long-term implementation of the HCOACDM as applicable and beneficial.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of a Swimming Session on the Shoulder Rotators Strength and Balance of Age Group Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8109
Author(s):  
Nuno Batalha ◽  
Jose A. Parraca ◽  
Daniel A. Marinho ◽  
Ana Conceição ◽  
Hugo Louro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shoulder Strength ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Gender Specific

The purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effects of a standardized water training session on the shoulder rotators strength and balance in age group swimmers, in order to understand whether a muscle-strengthening workout immediately after the water training is appropriate. A repeated measures design was implemented with two measurements performed before and after a standardized swim session. 127 participants were assembled in male (n = 72; age: 16.28 ± 1.55 years, height: 174.15 ± 7.89 cm, weight: 63.97 ± 6.51 kg) and female (n = 55; age: 15.29 ± 1.28 years, height: 163.03 ± 7.19 cm, weight: 52.72 ± 5.48 kg) cohorts. The isometric torque of the shoulder internal (IR) and external (ER) rotators, as well as the ER/IR ratios, were assessed using a hand-held dynamometer. Paired sample t-tests and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were used (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were found on the shoulder rotators strength or balance in males after training. Females exhibited unchanged strength values after practice, but there was a considerable decrease in the shoulder rotators balance of the non-dominant limb (p < 0.01 d = 0.366). This indicates that a single practice seems not to affect the shoulders strength and balance of adolescent swimmers, but this can be a gender specific phenomenon. While muscle-strengthening workout after the water session may be appropriate for males, it can be questionable regarding females. Swimming coaches should regularly assess shoulder strength levels in order to individually identify swimmers who may or may not be able to practice muscle strengthening after the water training.

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