scholarly journals BIO-LINGUISTIC TRANSITION AND BALDWIN EFFECT IN AN EVOLUTIONARY NAMING-GAME MODEL

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADAM LIPOWSKI ◽  
DOROTA LIPOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Baldwin Effect ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Naming Game ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Genetic Imprinting ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Small Change

We examine an evolutionary naming-game model where communicating agents are equipped with an evolutionary selected learning ability. Such a coupling of biological and linguistic ingredients results in an abrupt transition: upon a small change of a model control parameter a poorly communicating group of linguistically unskilled agents transforms into almost perfectly communicating group with large learning abilities. When learning ability is kept fixed, the transition appears to be continuous. Genetic imprinting of the learning abilities proceeds via Baldwin effect: initially unskilled communicating agents learn a language and that creates a niche in which there is an evolutionary pressure for the increase of learning ability. Our model suggests that when linguistic (or cultural) processes became intensive enough, a transition took place where both linguistic performance and biological endowment of our species experienced an abrupt change that perhaps triggered the rapid expansion of human civilization.

Using problem-based learning in a Chinese character class design: A case study of Korean learners of Chinese

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Eun Young Jang ◽  
Heung Soo Park ◽  
Yeon Sil Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Learning Attitudes ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Korean Learners

This study attempted to try out Chinese-character education centering on experience and learners away from existing lecture-centered, teacher-centered education. For this purpose, problem-based learning (PBL) was proposed as one of the Chinese-language ability-enhancement measures for Korean learners of the Chinese language, and in order to examine the effect, we attempt to use the PBL tasks in the ‘Chinese-language reading’ class at a university for basic Chinese-language learners and analyze the results. PBL is a teaching-learning method in which learners focus on learning by using problems. In this study, we attempted to use PBL for the group work format. In this way, we can confirm that the class using the PBL has many advantages, such as improving learning ability and problem-solving ability, and strengthening cooperation. In addition, it was found that PBL is worthwhile to try because it is effective in inducing learning motivation, improving attention and interest in Chinese-character learning, improving learning attitudes of learners, and developing self-directed learning abilities.

scholarly journals Selection for Reinforcement-Free Learning Ability as an Organizing Factor in the Evolution of Cognition

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solvi Arnold ◽  
Reiji Suzuki ◽  
Takaya Arita
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Baldwin Effect ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Neural Organization ◽  
Environmental Structure ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Efficient Learning ◽  
Complexity Thesis

This research explores the relation between environmental structure and neurocognitive structure. We hypothesize that selection pressure on abilities for efficient learning (especially in settings with limited or no reward information) translates into selection pressure on correspondence relations between neurocognitive and environmental structure, since such correspondence allows for simple changes in the environment to be handled with simple learning updates in neurocognitive structure. We present a model in which a simple form of reinforcement-free learning is evolved in neural networks using neuromodulation and analyze the effect this selection for learning ability has on the virtual species' neural organization. We find a higher degree of organization than in a control population evolved without learning ability and discuss the relation between the observed neural structure and the environmental structure. We discuss our findings in the context of the environmental complexity thesis, the Baldwin effect, and other interactions between adaptation processes.

The Ecology of Social Learning in Animals and its Link with Intelligence

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carel van Schaik ◽  
Sereina Graber ◽  
Caroline Schuppli ◽  
Judith Burkart
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Broad Variety

AbstractClassical ethology and behavioral ecology did not pay much attention to learning. However, studies of social learning in nature reviewed here reveal the near-ubiquity of reliance on social information for skill acquisition by developing birds and mammals. This conclusion strengthens the plausibility of the cultural intelligence hypothesis for the evolution of intelligence, which assumes that selection on social learning abilities automatically improves individual learning ability. Thus, intelligent species will generally be cultural species. Direct tests of the cultural intelligence hypothesis require good estimates of the amount and kind of social learning taking place in nature in a broad variety of species. These estimates are lacking so far. Here, we start the process of developing a functional classification of social learning, in the form of the social learning spectrum, which should help to predict the mechanisms of social learning involved. Once validated, the categories can be used to estimate the cognitive demands of social learning in the wild.

Long-term memory predictors of adult language learning at the interface between syntactic form and meaning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Pili-Moss
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Procedural Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Thematic Role ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Early Stages

Recent neurocognitive models of second language learning have posited specific roles for declarative and procedural memory in the processing of novel linguistic stimuli. Pursuing this line of investigation, the present study examined the role of declarative and procedural memory abilities in the early stages of adult comprehension of sentences in a miniature language with natural language characteristics (BrocantoJ). Thirty-six native Italian young adults were aurally exposed to BrocantoJ in the context of a computer game over three sessions on consecutive days. Following vocabulary training and passive exposure, participants were asked to perform game moves described by aural sentences in the language. Game trials differed with respect to the information the visual context offered. In part of the trials processing of relationships between grammatical properties of the language (word order and morphological case marking) and noun semantics (thematic role) was necessary in order reach an accurate outcome, whereas in others nongrammatical contextual cues were sufficient. Declarative and procedural learning abilities were respectively indexed by visual and verbal declarative memory measures and by a measure of visual implicit sequence learning. Overall, the results indicated a substantial role of declarative learning ability in the early stages of sentence comprehension, thus confirming theoretical predictions and the findings of previous similar studies in miniature artificial language paradigms. However, for trials that specifically probed the learning of relationships between morphosyntax and semantics, a positive interaction between declarative and procedural learning ability also emerged, indicating the cooperative engagement of both types of learning abilities in the processing of relationships between ruled-based grammar and interpretation in the early stages of exposure to a new language in adults.

scholarly journals Novel Intelligent and Sensorless Proportional Valve Control with Self-Learning Ability

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bayram Akdemir
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Control Signal ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Valve Control ◽  
Self Learning

Linear control is widely used for any fluid or air flows in many automobile, robotics, and hydraulics applications. According to signal level, valve can be controlled linearly. But, for many valves, hydraulics or air is not easy to control proportionally because of flows dynamics. As a conventional solution, electronic driver has up and down limits. After manually settling up and down limits, control unit has proportional blind behavior between two points. This study offers a novel valve control method merging pulse width and amplitude modulation in the same structure. Proposed method uses low voltage AC signal to understand the valve position and uses pulse width modulation for power transfer to coil. DC level leads to controlling the valve and AC signal gives feedback related to core moving. Any amplitude demodulator gives core position as voltage. Control unit makes reconstruction using start and end points to obtain linearization at zero control signal and maximum control signal matched to minimum demodulated amplitude level. Proposed method includes self-learning abilities to keep controlling in hard environmental conditions such as dust, temperature, and corrosion. Thus, self-learning helps to provide precision control for hard conditions.

A Predictive Validity Study of the Learning Ability Profile with Collegiate-Level Officer Cadets: Some Canadian Data

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-439
Author(s):  
Bruno Fabi ◽  
Léandre Maillet
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Grade Point Averages ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Collegiate Level ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Linguistics

The purpose of this study was to test the predictive validity of the Learning Ability Profile (LAP) test, developed by Henning to obtain a quantitative measure of learning abilities. The results obtained on the LAP were correlated with grade point averages (GPA) of two academic sessions and with the results of the individual courses followed by the subjects during the same period. The sample consisted of 94 French speaking students at Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean in Canada. The LAP scores were only significantly correlated with the GPA of the first academic session (.20) as well as with the grades of a few specific courses followed during that session: Calculus (.22), Chemistry (.84), Economics (.35), and Linguistics (.33). Such results could indicate a better predictive validity of the LAP with respect to quantitative rather than verbal courses. Research considerations regarding increased predictive validity of the LAP were also presented.

scholarly journals Individual-learning ability predicts social-foraging strategy in house sparrows

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1705) ◽  
pp. 582-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Katsnelson ◽  
Uzi Motro ◽  
Marcus W. Feldman ◽  
Arnon Lotem
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Social Foraging ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
The Individual

Social foragers can use either a ‘producer’ strategy, which involves searching for food, or a ‘scrounger’ strategy, which involves joining others' food discoveries. While producers rely on personal information and past experience, we may ask whether the tendency to forage as a producer is related to being a better learner. To answer this question, we hand-raised house sparrow ( Passer domesticus ) nestlings that upon independence were given an individual-learning task that required them to associate colour signal and food presence. Following the testing phase, all fledglings were released into a shared aviary, and their social-foraging tendencies were measured. We found a significant positive correlation between individual's performance in the individual-learning task and subsequent tendency to use searching (producing) behaviour. Individual-learning score was negatively correlated with initial fear of the test apparatus and with body weight. However, the correlation between individual learning and searching remained significant after controlling for these variables. Since it was measured before the birds entered a social group, individual-learning ability could not be the outcome of being a producer. However, the two traits may be initially associated, or individual learning could facilitate producing behaviour. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that associates individual-learning abilities with social-foraging strategies in animal groups.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STIMULATION TO THE TOILET LEARNING ABILITIES OF TODDLER

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 062-065
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Wilcoxon Sign Rank

Abstract :Toilet learning in children is an attempt to train children to be able to control in defecating and urinating. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of stimulation to the toilet learning ability of toddler. The research usedPre-Experimental One-Group Pre-test-post test design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The statistical test used wilcoxon signed rank test. The population was 14 toddler of PosyanduBendowulungKabupatenBlitar. The result showed that there was an effect of stimulation to the ability of toilet learning of 1 to 3 years old toddler. The Statistical test result using Wilcoxon sign rank test obtained p value = 0,000 (<0,05). It is expected to increase knowledge about the implementation of toilet learning stimulation, especially for parents to make their children more indepen- dent. Keywords: Stimulation, Toilet learning.

scholarly journals Computational Neuro-physiological Model (CNP) to Profile Lower Primary School Students in Inclusive Education: A Concept Paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1515-1519
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Equality In Education ◽  
To Receive

Inclusiveeducation (IE) is commonly accepted internationally as a standard right for all children. Malaysia has similar aspiration to implement the concept in the school system. However, it appears IE is challenging for parents, teachers and students. One of the challenges is to produce a well-trained and competent teacher to recognize learning abilities and disabilities of individual students. The Malaysian government is committed to ensure children to receive equality in education. Malaysia Education Blueprint (MEB) spells out 75% of children with learning disabilities must be part of IE by 2025. There is a gap in IE studies in terms of investigating the relationship between emotions and learning ability among students in IE environment. Therefore, this concept paper proposes a standard profiling model by using the Computational Neuro-physiological (CNP) model to profile lower primary school students in IE. This paper also emphasizes the possible use of EEG technology in detecting the emotion, behavior and mental state that can be used to indicate the student’s learning ability in the inclusive education. This research is important to be carried out to have a student's profile which can be used to facilitate teachers to improve their competencies in teaching and handling the students

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