Effect of density feedback on the two-route traffic scenario with bottleneck

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650058
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan Sun ◽  
Zhong-Jun Ding ◽  
Guo-Hua Huang
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Current State ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Traffic Scenario ◽  
Good Advice

In this paper, we investigate the effect of density feedback on the two-route scenario with a bottleneck. The simulation and theory analysis shows that there exist two critical vehicle entry probabilities [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. When vehicle entry probability [Formula: see text], four different states, i.e. free flow state, transition state, maximum current state and congestion state are identified in the system, which correspond to three critical reference densities. However, in the interval [Formula: see text], the free flow and transition state disappear, and there is only congestion state when [Formula: see text]. According to the results, traffic control center can adjust the reference density so that the system is in maximum current state. In this case, the capacity of the traffic system reaches maximum so that drivers can make full use of the roads. We hope that the study results can provide good advice for alleviating traffic jam and be useful to traffic control center for designing advanced traveller information systems.

scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving Smart Road-Pricing System with Trustworthiness Evaluation in VANETs

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3658
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Zhu ◽  
Sai Ji ◽  
Jian Shen ◽  
Yongjun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Control Center

With the advanced development of the intelligent transportation system, vehicular ad hoc networks have been observed as an excellent technology for the development of intelligent traffic management in smart cities. Recently, researchers and industries have paid great attention to the smart road-tolling system. However, it is still a challenging task to ensure geographical location privacy of vehicles and prevent improper behavior of drivers at the same time. In this paper, a reliable road-tolling system with trustworthiness evaluation is proposed, which guarantees that vehicle location privacy is secure and prevents malicious vehicles from tolling violations at the same time. Vehicle route privacy information is encrypted and uploaded to nearby roadside units, which then forward it to the traffic control center for tolling. The traffic control center can compare data collected by roadside units and video surveillance cameras to analyze whether malicious vehicles have behaved incorrectly. Moreover, a trustworthiness evaluation is applied to comprehensively evaluate the multiple attributes of the vehicle to prevent improper behavior. Finally, security analysis and experimental simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better robustness compared with existing approaches.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Safety Degree at Railway Crossings in Order to Achieve Sustainable Traffic Management: A Novel Integrated Fuzzy MCDM Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Blagojević ◽  
Sandra Kasalica ◽  
Željko Stević ◽  
Goran Tričković ◽  
Vesna Pavelkić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Level Crossings ◽  
Fuzzy Matrix ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Current State ◽  
Criterion Weight ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Criteria Importance

Sustainable traffic system management under conditions of uncertainty and inappropriate road infrastructure is a responsible and complex task. In Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), there is a large number of level crossings which represent potentially risky places in traffic. The current state of level crossings in BiH is a problem of the greatest interest for the railway and a generator of accidents. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify the places that are currently a priority for the adoption of measures and traffic control in order to achieve sustainability of the whole system. In this paper, the Šamac–Doboj railway section and passive level crossings have been considered. Fifteen different criteria were formed and divided into three main groups: safety criteria, road exploitation characteristics, and railway exploitation characteristics. A novel integrated fuzzy FUCOM (full consistency method)—fuzzy PIPRECIA (pivot pairwise relative criteria importance assessment) model was formed to determine the significance of the criteria. When calculating the weight values of the main criteria, the fuzzy Heronian mean operator was used for their averaging. The evaluation of level crossings was performed using fuzzy MARCOS (measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution). An original integrated fuzzy FUCOM–Fuzzy PIPRECIA–Fuzzy MARCOS model was created as the main contribution of the paper. The results showed that level crossings 42 + 690 (LC4) and LC8 (82 + 291) are the safest considering all 15 criteria. The verification of the results was performed through four phases of sensitivity analysis: resizing of an initial fuzzy matrix, comparative analysis with other fuzzy approaches, simulations of criterion weight values, and calculation of Spearman’s correlation coefficient (SCC). Finally, measures for the sustainable performance of the railway system were proposed.

Effects of pollution and climate change on the ecosystem components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Lykholat
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Herbaceous Communities ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

The book contains the study results of the environmental and soil conditions of the transformed territories, the ecological patterns of woody plants natural communities’ formation as well as the features of the herbaceous communities’ succession in flooded areas. The current state of forest areas is highlighted, the problems of forest management and their exploitation in Ukraine are outlined. Aspects of anthropogenic impact on natural aquatic ecosystems are shown and various biotesting methods of negative effects are characterized. The relationship between the presence of exogenous biologically active chemical compounds in the environment and damage to the endocrine system of animals has been revealed. The scientific manuscript is intended for ecologists, specialists interested in environmental management and environmental protection. The book may be useful for graduate students and scientific researchers.

scholarly journals Current state of Donetsk dendroflora

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Alexandr Zakharovych Glukhov ◽  
Lyudmila Valerievna Kharkhota ◽  
Georgy Alexandrovych Pasternak ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Likhatskaya
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Current State ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Fast Growing Species

We present the study results of modern dendroflora of Donetsk (a large industrial city of the south steppe zone). We have determined the species composition, analyzed the age structure of plantations, estimated the life condition of trees and shrubs. Plantations compose 76 species and 32 forms, types, sorts of trees, including 11 species and 9 sorts of the coniferous, as well as 79 species and 35 forms, sorts of shrubs, including 7 species and 19 sorts of the coniferous. Trees and shrubs belong to 78 genera, which are included into 38 families. The most represented family among the deciduous is Rosaceae Juss. - 46 species and 13 sorts, among the coniferous - Pinaceae Lindl. (9 species and 6 sorts), Cupressaceae Rich. ex Bartl. (7 species and 22 sorts). Tree species dominating in plantations are Populus bolleana Lauche (14,6% of the total number of trees), dominating shrubs are the sorts of Rosa hybrida (44,0% of the total number of shrubs). In the plantations studied we have indicated 33 species of trees and shrubs of the aboriginal fraction of local flora. Analysis of the age structure of plantations revealed that the majority of trees compose the age group of 20-29 years, the majority of shrubs - up to 10 years. Fast-growing species prevail in plantations (73% of the total number). Viability of the most part of trees of fast-growing and slow-growing species is estimated by 4 points, viability of moderate-growing species - by 6 points. The number of trees being in unsatisfactory condition (0 or 1-3 points) prevails among fast-growing species.

scholarly journals Humour as coping and Flow as correlates of Subjective Happiness among Athletes and Non-athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose, S ◽  
Faisal, T ◽  
Mathai, S. M
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Subjective Happiness Scale ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Athletic Activities ◽  
State Scale

This study intends to find out if humour as coping and flow could  significantly be different among athletes and non-athletes, and if the above mentioned variables show any kind of relationship with subjective happiness. A sample of 62 athletes and 75 non-athletes aged between 16 and 22 were selected for the study. Inventories were used to collect the data. It includes The Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) by Lyubomirsky (1999) , The Coping Humour Scale(CHS) developed by .A Martin (1983)  and Flow State Scale by Jackson (1995). Demographic information including their age, gender, education level, and sporting involvement was also collected. The obtained results showed that Flow and humour are significantly higher for athletes than non-athletes. Flow and humour is also found to have a significant positive correlation with subjective happiness. Males are found to experience greater subjective happiness than females and they use more humour as coping. National level players experience more flow state than state level players. Second born children were found to be more happier than first born children.  Thus within the limits and limitations of the present study results imply that engagements in athletic activities enhances humour coping and flow which contribute to better subjective happiness.

scholarly journals Simple and Efficient Prediction of Near Future State of Traffic Using Only Past Speed Information

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-599
Author(s):  
Fevzi Yasin Kababulut ◽  
Damla Kuntalp ◽  
Olcay Akay ◽  
Timur Düzenli
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Efficient Prediction ◽  
Traffic Systems ◽  
Near Future

Intelligent traffic systems attempt to solve the problem of traffic congestion, which is one of the most important environmental and economic issues of urban life. In this study, we approach this problem via prediction of traffic status using past average traveler speed (ATS). Five different algorithms are proposed for predicting the traffic status. They are applied to real data provided by the Traffic Control Center of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Algorithm 1 predicts future ATS on a highway section based on the past speed information obtained from the same road section. The other proposed algorithms, Algorithms 2 through 5, predict the traffic status as fluent, moderately congested, or congested, again using past traffic state information for the same road segment. Here, traffic states are assigned according to predetermined intervals of ATS values. In the proposed algorithms, ATS values belonging to past five consecutive 10-minute time intervals are used as input data. Performances of the proposed algorithms are evaluated in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), sample accuracy, balanced accuracy, and processing time. Although the  proposed algorithms are relatively simple and require only past speed values, they provide fairly reliable results with noticeably low prediction errors.

Game-based Intervention Reporting Guidelines (GAMING): A Review on the Conceptual Ambiguity Surrounding Gamification and Serious Games in Healthcare (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Warsinsky ◽  
Manuel Schmidt-Kraepelin ◽  
Sascha Rank ◽  
Scott Thiebes ◽  
Ali Sunyaev
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Reporting Guidelines ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Current State ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Intervention Reporting

BACKGROUND In healthcare, using game-based intervention approaches to increase motivation, engagement, and overall sustainability of health behaviors is steadily becoming more common. The most prevailing approaches for such game-based interventions in healthcare research are gamification and serious games. Various researchers have discussed substantial conceptual differences between these two concepts, supported by empirical studies showing differences in the effects on specific health behaviors. However, researchers also frequently report cases where terms related to these two concepts are used ambiguously or even interchangeably. It remains unclear to which extent existing healthcare research explicitly distinguishes between gamification and serious games and whether it draws on existing conceptual considerations in order to do so. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to address this lack of knowledge by capturing the current state of conceptualizations of gamification and serious games in healthcare research. Furthermore, we provide tools for researchers to disambiguate reporting on game-based interventions. METHODS We employed a 2-step research approach. First, we conducted a systematic literature review of 206 studies published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research and its sister journals containing terms related to either gamification, serious games, or both. We analyzed their conceptualizations of gamification and serious games, as well as distinctions between the two concepts. Second, based on the literature review findings, we developed a set of guidelines for researchers reporting on game-based interventions and evaluated them with a group of 7 experts from the field. RESULTS Our results show that less than half of concept mentions are accompanied by an explicit definition. For the distinction between the two concepts, we identified 4 common approaches: implicit distinction, synonymous use of terms, serious games as gamified systems, and distinction based on the full game dimension. Our Game-based Intervention Reporting Guidelines (GAMING) consist of 25 items grouped into 4 topics: (1) Conceptual Focus, (2) Contribution, (3) Mindfulness about Related Concepts, and (4) Individual Concept Definitions. CONCLUSIONS Conceptualizations of gamification and serious games in healthcare literature are strongly heterogeneous, leading to conceptual ambiguity. Following the GAMING guidelines can support authors in rigorous reporting on study results of game-based interventions.

A Technical Approach to Safe Mode Management for a Smooth Transition from Automatic to Manual Drilling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Cayeux ◽  
Rodica Mihai ◽  
Liv Carlsen ◽  
Morten Ørevik ◽  
Kjartan Birgisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Construction Operations ◽  
System Failures ◽  
Autonomous Function ◽  
Current State ◽  
The One

Abstract Unexpected situations and system failures during well construction operations are always possible. In the context of drilling automation, or even autonomous drilling, proper automatic management of these situations is of critical importance as the situation awareness of the human operator is very much reduced. The proper management of the transition between automatic and manual modes is necessary to improve the safety of automation solutions. An important characteristic of drilling automation solutions is their ability to cope with unexpected situations. This also encompasses, placing the drilling system in a state that is easy and intuitive for the human operator when manual control is required. Our approach to safe mode management is dependent on a good state estimation of the current conditions of the process. If for any reason, manual control must be regained, then the automated function itself triggers the necessary actions that will ensure a stable current state. In case of a drilling problem or a system failure, the human operator may have to regain control when the context might be totally different from the one left when the automation or autonomous function was enabled. It may even be a different human operator that has to take control, if a crew change has taken place. To make the transition from the automated/autonomous context to manual control, the automation/autonomous system sets the drilling machines in a so-called safe transition state. A safe transition state is one for which leaving the current setpoints of drilling machines untouched for a reasonable amount of time, will not immediately jeopardize the safety of the drilling operation. A safe transition state is contextual as it is not necessarily the same sequence of actions that must be performed to reach the safe transition state every time. The novel safe modes management method is integrated into existing drilling automation solutions. In a drilling automation context, the situation awareness of the human operator is considerably reduced as the automated functions control the process and the human operator is not actively driving the drilling machines. Without active safe mode management, there is a risk that drilling automation solutions may lead to serious situations as the driller may be totally unprepared to regain control in the middle of a critical situation. When it is needed to return to manual mode in the middle of the execution of an automatic procedure, an adequate procedure is executed. The choice of the procedure and its parameters depend on the current state of the process and system.

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