FRAGMENTATION AND TRADE OF MACHINERY PARTS AND COMPONENTS IN MEKONG REGION

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550041
Author(s):  
HIROYUKI TAGUCHI ◽  
NI LAR
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Mekong Region ◽  
Per Capita

This paper examines the trade of machinery parts and components between Thailand and the other Mekong countries though gravity model, for the purpose of assessing the existing production networks in Mekong region by applying fragmentation theory. The findings are: First, the evolution of production networks between Thailand and Vietnam was identified in terms of their two-way trade integration. Second, the trade intensity between Thailand and Vietnam was explained by the fragmentation factors, i.e., their gaps in per capita GDP and the relatively lower service-link costs in Vietnam. Third, the trade less-integration of Thailand with Cambodia and Myanmar was explained by their higher service-link costs.

Estimation of per capita GDP in the regions of Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Басовская ◽  
Elena Basovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Other ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The purpose of the work consisted in assessment of size of per capita GDP in regions of the country, which would be comparable to estimates of per capita GDP in the countries of the world. For receiving assessment, the per capita GDP during 2001-2014 was compared with the size of the gross value added of goods and services created by residents of regions. The treated ratios are used for GDP assessment in regions. The established sizes of per capita GDP in regions are used for the international comparisons. The executed comparisons show that the sizes of per capita GDP of the regions of the country are different. The level of development of some region is comparable with the level of development of leading economies of the world, such as Norway, Great Britain, and Denmark. The level of development of the other regions of the country is comparable with the level of the poorest countries of the world.

The dynamics of CO2 emissions and economic growth: A comparative analysis using symbolic time series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Gabriel Brida ◽  
David Matesanz Gómez ◽  
Verónica Segarra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Nonparametric Clustering ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this paper is to analyze the dynamic relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions for a set of 98 countries over the lengthy period from 1951 to 2014. We describe the topology and hierarchy of countries and introduce a different concept of economic performance based on the idea of dynamic regimes. These regimes are defined by the average levels of per-capita CO2 emissions and the growth rates of per-capita GDP. By presenting a nonparametric clustering technique, the paper identifies two main groups. One cluster can be identified as the group of developed countries, which presents a homogeneous structure and tends toward more similar dynamics over time. The other cluster, associated with developing countries, is homogeneous but the dynamics of the countries do not show convergence. The study also finds some, though little, mobility between the groups.

Determinants of trade in recyclable wastes: evidence from commodity-based trade of waste and scrap

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisaku Higashida ◽  
Shunsuke Managi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Empirical Methodology ◽  
Recycled Material

AbstractThis paper examines factors that affect the trade of recyclable waste in both exporting and importing countries. To this end, we employ two important elements: first, we adopt a gravity model in our empirical methodology; second, we select five waste and scrap commodities and undertake estimations using commodity-level trade data. We demonstrate that, the higher the wage/per capita GDP/population of an importing country, the more recyclable wastes it imports. This result suggests that the demand for final goods and, accordingly, the demand for materials including recycled material, have strong effects on the import volume of recyclable waste. Moreover, this implies that the imports of a developing country from developed countries increase with expanding industrial activity and economic growth. We find no evidence for a pollution haven for wastes and recycling.

International differences in labor productivity: Role of capital, technological level and resource rent

2016 ◽  
pp. 67-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zaytsev
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
Gdp Gap ◽  
Productivity Gap

Using level accounting methodology this article examines sources of per capita GDP and labor productivity differences between Russia and developed and developing countries. It considers the role played by the following determinants in per capita GDP gap: per hour labor productivity, number of hours worked per worker and labor-population ratio. It is shown that labor productivity difference is the main reason of Russia’s lagging behind. Factors of Russia’s low labor productivity are then estimated. It is found that 33-39% of 2.5-5-times labor productivity gap (estimated for non-oil sector) between Russia and developed countries (US, Canada, Germany, Norway) is explained by lower capital-to-labor ratio and the latter 58-65% of the gap is due to lower technological level (multifactor productivity). Human capital level in Russia is almost the same as in developed countries, so it explains only 2-4% of labor productivity gap.

Economic Performance and Public Finance in Kenya, 1960-2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kempe Ronald Hope
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Real Growth

Countries with positive per capita real growth are characterised by positive national savings—including government savings, increases in government investment, and strong increases in private savings and investment. On the other hand, countries with negative per capita real growth tend to be characterised by declines in savings and investment. During the past several decades, Kenya’s emerging economy has undergone many changes and economic performance has been epitomised by periods of stability, decline, or unevenness. This article discusses and analyses the record of economic performance and public finance in Kenya during the period 1960‒2010, as well as policies and other factors that have influenced that record in this emerging economy. 

Long Run Money Neutrality: The Case of Guatemala

2005 ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Neutrality Test ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

The Fisher and Seater (1993) methodology is used to test for the long run neutrality of money in Guatemala, 1950-2001. Real GDP, real per capita GDP, and the money measures, M1 and M2, are integrated of order one [1(1)]. Given these orders of integration, the Fisher-Seater neutrality test can be applied. The evidence suggests that M1 and M2 are neutral with respect to real GDP. Furthermore, the test indicates that M1, but not M2, is neutral with respect to real per capita GDP as well.

scholarly journals Do Military Expenditure and Conflict Affect Economic Growth in Sri Lanka? Evidence from the ARDL Bounds Test Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasheed Sithy Jesmy ◽  
Mohd Zaini Abd Karim ◽  
Shri Dewi Applanaidu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Bounds Test

Conflicts in the form of civil war, ethnic tensions and political discord are of enduring concern and a major bottleneck to economic development in Sri Lanka. Three decades of civil war and unethical political culture have caused severe economic problems for the country, including slower rate of growth and a huge defence expenditure. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of military expenditure and conflict on per capita GDP growth rate in Sri Lanka from 1973 to 2014 using the Solow growth model and ARDL bounds test approach. The results of the bounds test are highly significant and lead to cointegration. The negative and significant coefficients of the error correction term illustrate the expected convergence process in the long-run dynamic of per capita GDP. The estimated empirical results show that, the coefficients of military expenditure and conflict are negative and statistically significant in the short-run as well as in the long-run in determining per capita GDP growth rate in Sri Lanka. Hence, it is critically important to take necessary action to decrease military expenditure and provide an efficient political solution to the problem of minorities, specifically in the post-war period.

Railroad Integration and Uneven Development on the European Periphery, 1870–1910

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-289
Author(s):  
Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau ◽  
Alfonso Díez-Minguela ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Railroad Network ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
European Periphery ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between railroad integration and regional development on the European periphery between 1870 and 1910, based on a regional data set including 291 spatial units. Railroad integration is proxied by railroad density, while per capita GDP is used as an indicator of economic development. The period under study is of particular relevance as it has been associated with the second wave of railroad construction in Europe and also coincides with the industrialization of most of the continent. Overall, we found that railroads had a significant and positive impact on the growth of per capita GDP across Europe. The magnitude of this relationship appears to be relatively modest, but the results obtained are robust with respect to a number of different specifications. From a geographical perspective, we found that railroads had a significantly greater influence on regions located in countries on the northern periphery of Europe than in other outlying areas. They also helped the economies of these areas to begin the process of catching up with the continent’s industrialized core. In contrast, the regions on the southern periphery showed lower levels of economic growth, with this exacerbating the preexisting divergence in economic development. The expansion of the railroad network in them was unable to homogenize the diffusion of economic development and tended to further benefit the regions that were already industrialized. In most of the cases, the capital effect was magnified, and this contributed to the consolidation of newly created nation-states.

scholarly journals Prevalence of small for gestational age infants in 21 cities in China, 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui He ◽  
Huazhang Miao ◽  
Zhijiang Liang ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

AbstractInfants who are small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of neonatal and infant death, non-communicable diseases and growth retardation. However, the epidemiological characteristics of SGA remain unclear. We aim to explore the prevalence of SGA and to examine its socioeconomic associations by using data from 21 cities. 10,515,494 single live birth records between 2014 and 2019 from the Guangdong Women and Children Health Information System were included in the study. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the prevalence trend of SGA and its distribution. We also analyze the associations between the prevalence of SGA and per-capita GDP. The prevalence of SGA in Guangdong Province from the years 2014–2019 was 13.17%, 12.96%, 11.96%, 12.72%, 11.45%, 11.30% respectively, and the overall prevalence was 12.28%. The prevalence of term SGA infants in Guangdong Province was 12.50%, which was much higher than that of preterm SGA (7.71%). There was a significant negative correlation between the SGA prevalence and per-capita GDP in 21 cities of Guangdong Province. The level of economic development may affect the prevalence of SGA. The prevalence of SGA in full term infants is significantly higher than in premature infants, suggesting that most SGA infants may be born at a later gestational age.

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