SOLVING THE KAONIC-HELIUM PUZZLE

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (27n30) ◽  
pp. 2505-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
RYUGO S. HAYANO ◽  
G. BEER ◽  
H. BHANG ◽  
M. CARGNELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Level Shift ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Balmer Series ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Formula ◽  
Energy Level Shift ◽  
Theory And Experiment

We have measured the Balmer-series x-rays of kaonic 4 He atoms using large-area silicon drift x-ray detectors (SDDs) in order to study the low-energy [Formula: see text]-nucleus strong interaction. The energy of the 3d → 2p transition was determined to be 6467 ± 3( stat ) ± 2( syst ) eV . The resulting strong-interaction energy-level shift is in agreement with theoretical calculations, thus eliminating a long-standing discrepancy between theory and experiment.

KAONIC HELIUM ATOMS

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
◽  
RYUGO HAYANO
Keyword(s):  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Level Shift ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Balmer Series ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Helium Atoms ◽  
Energy Formula ◽  
Energy Level Shift

The KEK experiment E570 has measured the Balmer-series x-rays of kaonic 4 He atoms using large-area silicon drift x-ray detectors (SDDs) in order to study the low-energy [Formula: see text]-nucleus strong interaction. The energy of the 3d → 2p transition was determined to be 6467 ± 3( stat ) ± 2( syst ) eV . The resulting strong-interaction energy-level shift is in agreement with theoretical calculations, thus eliminating a long-standing discrepancy between theory and experiment. Using a similar setup, the E17 experiment at J-PARC, the first experiment to be carried out in the hadron hall of J-PARC, will measure the 3d → 2p x-rays of kaonic 3 He .

scholarly journals Multilayer Laue Lens: A Path Toward One Nanometer X-Ray Focusing

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanfei Yan ◽  
Hyon Chol Kang ◽  
Ray Conley ◽  
Chian Liu ◽  
Albert T. Macrander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Diffraction Effect ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Dynamical Diffraction ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laue Lens

The multilayer Laue lens (MLL) is a novel diffractive optic for hard X-ray nanofocusing, which is fabricated by thin film deposition techniques and takes advantage of the dynamical diffraction effect to achieve a high numerical aperture and efficiency. It overcomes two difficulties encountered in diffractive optics fabrication for focusing hard X-rays: (1) small outmost zone width and (2) high aspect ratio. Here, we will give a review on types, modeling approaches, properties, fabrication, and characterization methods of MLL optics. We show that a full-wave dynamical diffraction theory has been developed to describe the dynamical diffraction property of the MLL and has been employed to design the optimal shapes for nanofocusing. We also show a 16 nm line focus obtained by a partial MLL and several characterization methods. Experimental results show a good agreement with the theoretical calculations. With the continuing development of MLL optics, we believe that an MLL-based hard x-ray microscope with true nanometer resolution is on the horizon.

The XFM beamline at the Australian Synchrotron

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1447-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl L. Howard ◽  
Martin D. de Jonge ◽  
Nader Afshar ◽  
Chris G. Ryan ◽  
Robin Kirkham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Microscopy ◽  
System Time

The X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) beamline is an in-vacuum undulator-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobe beamline at the 3 GeV Australian Synchrotron. The beamline delivers hard X-rays in the 4–27 keV energy range, permitting K emission to Cd and L and M emission for all other heavier elements. With a practical low-energy detection cut-off of approximately 1.5 keV, low-Z detection is constrained to Si, with Al detectable under favourable circumstances. The beamline has two scanning stations: a Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror microprobe, which produces a focal spot of 2 µm × 2 µm FWHM, and a large-area scanning `milliprobe', which has the beam size defined by slits. Energy-dispersive detector systems include the Maia 384, Vortex-EM and Vortex-ME3 for XRF measurement, and the EIGER2 X 1 Mpixel array detector for scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy measurements. The beamline uses event-mode data acquisition that eliminates detector system time overheads, and motion control overheads are significantly reduced through the application of an efficient raster scanning algorithm. The minimal overheads, in conjunction with short dwell times per pixel, have allowed XFM to establish techniques such as full spectroscopic XANES fluorescence imaging, XRF tomography, fly scanning ptychography and high-definition XRF imaging over large areas. XFM provides diverse analysis capabilities in the fields of medicine, biology, geology, materials science and cultural heritage. This paper discusses the beamline status, scientific showcases and future upgrades.

scholarly journals X-Ray Astronomy Satellite Ginga

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
F. Makino
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scientific Instruments ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proportional Counters ◽  
Main Instrument

AbstractThe X-ray astronomy satellite Ginga carries three scientific instruments, the Large Area proportional Counters (LAC), All Sky X-ray Monitor (ASM) and Gamma-ray Burst Detector (GBD). The LAC is the main instrument with an effective area of 4000 cm2 giving it the highest sensitivity to hard X-rays so far achieved. Ginga observed about 250 targets up to the end of 1989.

scholarly journals Development of STJ as a New X-Ray Detector

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 335-336
Author(s):  
N. Y. Yamasaki ◽  
T. Ohashi ◽  
K. Kikuchi ◽  
H. Miyazaki ◽  
E. Rokutanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Position Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plane Detector ◽  
Nippon Steel Corporation

STJs are promising X-ray detectors as high energy resolution spectrometers due to the small excitation energy to break the Cooper pairs to product detectable electrons. The expected energy resolution is about 5 eV for a 6 keV incident X-rays (see review by Kraus et al. and Esposito et al.). We have developed a large area (178 × 178μm2) Nb/Al/AlOX/Al/Nb STJs (Kurakado et al. 1993) and series-connected STJs with a position resolution of 35μm for α particles (Kurakado 1997) at Nippon Steel Corporation. As a focal plane detector in future X-ray missions, we are developing STJs whose targert characteristics are; an energy resolution of 20 eV at 6keV, an effective area of 1 cm2, and position resolution of 100μm.

scholarly journals Low noise low power readout circuit for soft X ray detection

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cerdeira-Estrada ◽  
A. De Luca ◽  
A. Cuttin ◽  
R. Mutihac
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Silicon Detector ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Readout Circuit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Power Cmos

A new low power CMOS ASIC for the detection of X-rays was optimized for low power and low noise. Theoretical calculations and optimizations are presented and compared with experimental results. Noise as low as 120+25*Cin [pF] ENC rms was obtained including a silicon detector of 1.3 pF and 0.3nA of leakage. The power consumption is less than 100 W. Other circuit parameters are also shown.

scholarly journals Study of recent outburst in the Be/X-ray binary RX J0209.6−7427 with AstroSat: a new ultraluminous X-ray pulsar in the Magellanic Bridge?

2020 ◽  
Vol 495 (3) ◽  
pp. 2664-2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Deo Chandra ◽  
Jayashree Roy ◽  
P C Agrawal ◽  
Manojendu Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Energy Band ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Energy Bands ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Pulse Profile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Outburst Energy ◽  
Area X

ABSTRACT We present the timing and spectral studies of RX J0209.6–7427 during its rare 2019 outburst using observations with the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) instruments on the AstroSat satellite. Pulsations having a periodicity of 9.29 s were detected for the first time by the NICER mission in the 0.2–10 keV energy band and, as reported here, by AstroSat over a broad energy band covering 0.3–80 keV. The pulsar exhibits a rapid spin-up during the outburst. Energy resolved folded pulse profiles are generated in several energy bands in 3–80 keV. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of the timing and spectral characteristics of this Be binary pulsar in hard X-rays. There is suggestion of evolution of the pulse profile with energy. The energy spectrum of the pulsar is determined and from the best-fitting spectral values, the X-ray luminosity of RX J0209.6−7427 is inferred to be 1.6 × 1039 erg s−1. Our timing and spectral studies suggest that this source has features of an ultraluminous X-ray pulsar in the Magellanic Bridge. Details of the results are presented and discussed in terms of the current ideas.

Kaonic hydrogen X-rays — experiments at DAFNE

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cargnelli ◽  
T Ishiwatari ◽  
P Kienle ◽  
J Marton ◽  
E Widmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Kaonic Hydrogen ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kaonic Deuterium ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
Scattering Lengths ◽  
Excellent Energy Resolution

At the DAΦNE electron–positron collider of Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati we study kaonic atoms, taking advantage of the low-energy kaons produced in the Φ-meson decay. The low-energy kaon–nucleon interaction in kaonic hydrogen and kaonic deuterium can be investigated under favorable conditions. The DEAR (DAΦNE Exotic Atom Research) experiment at LNF delivered the most precise data on kaonic hydrogen up to now. DEAR and its follow-up experiment SIDDHARTA (Silicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Application) are using X-ray spectroscopy of kaonic hydrogen and kaonic deuterium atoms to measure the strong interaction-induced shift and width of the ground state. From these quantities the isospin-dependent antikaon–nucleon scattering lengths can be determined, quantities useful for testing the understanding of chiral symmetry breaking in the strangeness sector. Within the SIDDHARTA project new X-ray detectors are being developed. We will use an array of large area silicon drift detectors (SDDs) having excellent energy resolution but also providing a timing capability that will result in a huge suppression of background and so overcome the precision limits of the former experiments.PACS Nos.: 36.10.k, 13.75.Jz, 32.30.Rj and 29.40.Wk

X-Ray Diffraction as a Probe for Elastic Strain: Micro- and Nanoscale Investigation of Thin Metal Films

2004 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Spolenak
Keyword(s):  
Local Strain ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Peak Broadening

ABSTRACTIn the past years the concept of measuring strain by x-rays has changed significantly. The combination of 3rd generation synchrotron sources, advanced focusing techniques and large area detectors has made it possible to probe volumes smaller than a cubic micron. This devolopment has made it possible to probe microstrains directly without having to rely on highly sophisticated models to evaluate peak broadening effects. This paper will provide a review of the state of art of local strain measurements by x-rays, discuss their limitations, provide an outlook of where the field may be going within the next years and address the most important issues to be solved. Examples will be given for the current limits in terms of resolution in time, space, strain and intensity.

Fabrication of large-area x-rays masks for UDXRL on beryllium using thin film UV lithography and x-ray backside exposure

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Kouba ◽  
Zhong-Geng Ling ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Yohannes M. Desta ◽  
Jost Goettert
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Lithography ◽  
Area X
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