JUSTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVE PARTICLE NUMBERS FOR DESCRIBING INTRUDER BANDS

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (16) ◽  
pp. 1391-1398
Author(s):  
BRUCE R. BARRETT
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Number ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Ground Band ◽  
Major Shell ◽  
Effective Particle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Closed Shells

The standard theoretical explanation of low-lying, deformed, intruder bands in even-even nuclei near closed shells is in terms of two-particle, two-hole excitations across the major-shell gap. One normally ignores the difference between particles and holes and assumes that the effective proton (or neutron) number has increased by four. We provide a justification of this approximation by comparing two F-spin multiplets having the same F value, where one multiplet is for the ground-band levels of a set of nuclei, while the second multiplet is for the intruder-band levels of another set of nuclei.

scholarly journals The harmonic oscillator energy level spacing for neutrons and protons in nuclei

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
G. A. Lalazissis ◽  
C. P. Panos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Harmonic Oscillator ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Neutron Number ◽  
Level Spacing ◽  
Proton Number ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Closed Shells ◽  
Approximate Expressions

Approximate expressions of hw for neutrons and protons separately, as functions of the neutron number Ν and the proton number Ζ respectively, are derived. The dependence of hωn{hωp) on N(Z) is established using a rather recently proposed semi-phenomenological density distribution based on the separation energies of the last neutron or proton. The corresponding curves of hω show "discontinuities in the slope" at the closed shells throughout the periodic table. The difference hωn — hωΛ is also discussed

Stretta vs Canon

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
А.П. Милка ◽  
К.И. Южак
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
The Difference

Оба термина широко представлены в современных словарях и руководствах, а их трактовка близка к синонимической. Вероятно, по этой причине определения данных терминов практически всегда рассматриваются порознь и не сопоставляются. Следствием такого положения оказывается не вполне адекватное их понимание и теоретическое обоснование. Статья посвящена сравнению стретты и канона — как близких, но разных явлений и как отражающих их терминов. Общая для обоих явлений каноническая природа проявляется в них существенно по-разному. Показать, в чем суть их родства и расхождений между ними и как это должно отражаться в комплексе дефиниций, — задача, поставленная в статье. В основе рассуждений лежат два тезиса, касающиеся принципиального различия между соответствующими каноническими построениями. Один тезис касается природы пропост в стретте и в каноне — функциональных и композиционно-синтаксических различий между темой фуги в стретте и одноголосным началом (вступительным отделом) пропосты в каноне. Другой тезис касается интонационно-содержательных различий между завершениями собственно канонического развертывания стретты и строгой (регламентированной) части канона. Общий анализ всех показанных различий позволяет внести уточнения в соответствующие определения. Both terms are widely represented in modern dictionaries and manuals, and their interpretation is close to synonymous. This feature is probably the reason that the definitions of these terms are almost always considered separately and not compared, which results in not quite adequate understanding and theoretical explanation. As the title suggests, the article is devoted to comparing stretta and canon — as close though different phenomena (as well as the terms reflecting them). The authors seek to show, what is the essence of their relatedness and differences and how this should be reflected in the complex of definitions. The canonical nature, which is common to both phenomena, demonstrates itself in stretta and in canon in a different way. The reasoning is based on two theses concerning the fundamental difference between the corresponding canonical constructions. One of them refers to the different nature of the propostas in stretta and canon (we are talking about the difference between the theme in the fugue and the monophonic part of proposta in a canon). The other thesis is connected with the differences in the completion of the canonical section of the stretta and the strict part of the canon. A general analysis of the differences allows us to refine the respective definitions.

Group velocity dispersion of a multicore fibre with 5 × 5 coupled cores for in-phase and out-of-phase supermodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 125104
Author(s):  
A V Andrianov ◽  
N A Kalinin ◽  
E A Anashkina
Keyword(s):  
Group Velocity ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Silica Glass ◽  
Spatial Light Modulator ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Group Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Wavelength Dependence ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
The Difference

Abstract In-phase and out-of-phase supermodes were selectively excited (with modal content >90%) in the wavelength range near 1030 nm in a silica multicore fibre with 5 × 5 coupled cores using a spatial light modulator. Group velocity dispersion (GVD) parameters of 21 ps2 km−1 and 14 ps2 km−1 at 1030 nm were measured for in-phase and out-of-phase supermodes, respectively, using an interferometric scheme. The numerically simulated GVD values agree with the experimental results. The calculated zero-dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs) of 1360 nm and 1180 nm for in-phase and out-of-phase supermodes are red-shifted and blue-shifted, respectively, compared to the ZDW of silica glass. The anomalous dispersion for the out-of-phase supermode is predicted in the telecommunication O-band near 1300 nm. The theoretical explanation of the difference in the wavelength-dependence of GVD for in-phase and out-of-phase supermodes is given.

scholarly journals LINE ASYMMETRY AND EXCITATION MECHANISM OF SOLAR OSCILLATIONS

1998 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
R. Nigam ◽  
A.G. Kosovichev ◽  
P.H. Scherrer ◽  
J. Schou
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Solar Oscillations ◽  
Localized Source ◽  
Line Asymmetry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
Opening Address

In his opening address at the conference Dr. Tim Brown posed the line asymmetry problem between velocity and intensity as a puzzle in helioseismology that has been resisting theoretical explanation for many years. It was the observations of Duvall et al. (1993) that for the first time indicated that the power spectrum of solar acoustic modes show varying amounts of asymmetry. In particular, the velocity and intensity power spectra revealed an opposite sense of asymmetry. Many doubted the correctness of the experiment and thought it to be a puzzling result (Abrams & Kumar, 1996). Many authors have investigated this problem theoretically and have found that there is an inherent asymmetry whenever there is a localized source exciting the solar oscillations (Gabriel, 1995; Roxburgh & Vorontsov, 1995; Abrams & Kumar, 1996; Nigam et al. 1997). This problem has important implications in helioseismology where the eigenfrequencies are generally determined by assuming that the power spectrum was symmetric and can be fitted by a Lorentzian. This leads to systematic errors in the determination of frequencies and, thus, affects the results of inversions (Rhodes et al. 1997). In this paper we offer an explanation for the difference in parity of the two asymmetries and estimate the depth and type of the sources that are responsible for exciting the solar p-modes.

scholarly journals Investment, financial markets and uncertainty

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-532
Author(s):  
Philip Arestis ◽  
Ana Rosa González-Martinez ◽  
Óscar Dejuán
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Financial Uncertainty ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Difference Gmm ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This contribution provides a theoretical explanation of the accumulation process, which focuses on the presence of correlations between physical and financial investment, and how the latter could affect the former. It also accounts for the influence of the cost of external finance and the impact of financial uncertainty as proxied by the interest rate and the exchange rate respectively; thereby utilising the Keynesian notion of conventions in the determination of investment. Our model is estimated by applying the difference GMM and the system GMM to a panel of 14 OECD countries from 1970 to 2010.

Tactual Poggendorff Illusion in Blind and Blindfolded Subjects

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pasnak ◽  
Paul Ahr
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Poggendorff Illusion ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Receptor Sensitivity ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Method Of Constant Stimuli

Tactual Poggendorff illusions were presented to 11 blind and 19 blindfolded normal Ss according to the method of constant stimuli. The reports of both groups showed small illusions which did not differ significantly in magnitude. These results indicate that sensory experience per se is probably not an important determinant of the illusion's magnitude since the greater experience of the blind Ss should produce a smaller illusion. The equivalence of the illusions obtained for the two groups argues against receptor sensitivity as an important factor, although the direction of the difference favors Pollack's (1969) explanation. Theoretical explanation of illusions should rely on central mechanisms and not the visual system.

Waves on glaciers

1982 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 283-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Momentum Equation ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Boundary Slip ◽  
Compression Waves ◽  
Kinematic Wave Equation ◽  
The Difference

This paper is an attempt at a mathematical synopsis of the theory of wave motions on glaciers. These comprise surface waves (analogous to water waves) and seasonal waves (more like compression waves). Surface waves have been often treated and are well understood, but seasonal waves, while observed, do not seem to have attracted any theoretical explanation. Additionally, the spectacular phenomenon of glacier surges, while apparently a dynamic phenomenon, has not been satisfactorily explained.The present thesis is that the two wave motions (and probably also surging, though a discussion of this is not developed here) can both be derived from a rational theory based on conservation laws of mass and momentum, provided that the basal kinematic boundary condition involving boundary slip is taken to have a certain reasonable form. It is the opinion of this author that the form of this ‘sliding law’ is the crux of the difference between seasonal and surface waves, and that a further understanding of these motions must be based on a more satisfactory analysis of basal sliding.Since ice is here treated in the context of a slow, shallow, non-Newtonian fluid flow, the theory that emerges is that of non-Newtonian viscous shallow-water theory; rather than balance inertia terms with gravity in the momentum equation, we balance the shear-stress gradient. The resulting set of equationsis, in essence, a first-order nonlinear hyperbolic (kinematic) wave equation, and susceptible to various kinds of analysis. We show how both surface and seasonal waves are naturally described by such a model when the basal boundary condition is appropriately specified. Shocks can naturally occur, and we identify the (small) diffusive parameters that are present, and give the shock structure: in so doing, we gain a useful understanding of the effects of surface slope and longitudinal stress in these waves.

scholarly journals Typhoon: A vortex-lattice code for assessing dynamic stability characteristics of hydrofoil crafts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Alec Bagué ◽  
Joris Degroote ◽  
Toon Demeester ◽  
Evert Lataire
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Vortex Lattice ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Lattice Method ◽  
Vortex Lattice Method ◽  
Lattice Codes ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
The Difference

In this paper an open-source implementation of the vortex-lattice method to perform a dynamic stability analysis for hydrofoil crafts is discussed. The difference with existing vortex-lattice codes is the addition of a free-surface boundary condition which is needed to analyse surface piercing foils. This code, called Typhoon, can be used to perform a dynamic stability analysis (DSA) on hydrofoil vessels. The goal of this code is to have an easy-to-use and cheap alternative to compare different designs in early design stages. This paper gives a brief background to all the concepts used, followed by a short theoretical explanation of the vortex-lattice method. The second part of this paper focuses on a practical example of how this code can be used on an example.

scholarly journals What drives the value of football clubs: An approach based on private and socio-emotional benefits

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 673-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Tiscini ◽  
Alberto Dello Strologo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
Business Valuation ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Private Benefits Of Control ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
The Difference

The present paper shows how, in the soccer clubs sector, where the average financial results are negative, the value of football clubs is not related to income, but to sales turnover and gives a theoretical explanation for that. The literature has shown that the profitability of the industry is generally negative already at the level of operating profit. However, the difference between market value and book value is broadly positive, showing that the market recognizes to these companies a quid pluris in terms of value, not explained by the most rational and generally accepted methods of business valuation. The present study aims to explain, through an empirical analysis, why the value of a football company can not be estimated only on the basis of expected financial results, but it requires considering the overall benefits for shareholders, represented also by private benefits of control and socio-emotional benefits.

ISOSPIN DEPENDENT OSCILLATOR SPACING FOR NEUTRONS AND PROTONS IN NUCLEI USING HF-BCS RADII

1996 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 669-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. LALAZISSIS ◽  
C.P. PANOS
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Neutron Number ◽  
Asymptotic Formulas ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Nuclear Radius ◽  
Proton Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The oscillator spacing for neutrons (ħωn) and protons (ħωp) is calculated as a function of the neutron number N and the proton number Z. The dependence of ħωn(ħωp) on N and Z is established employing a parametrization for the mean square nuclear radius obtained from HF-BCS calculations. It turns out that the difference ħωn−ħωp is appreciable, because ħω amplifies small differences of root mean square radii. It is also seen that the correction due to valence nucleons is important for relatively light and medium heavy nuclei. Satisfactory and simple approximate asymptotic formulas for ħωn(N, Z) and ħωp(N, Z) are also derived, which can be used in practice. Finally, the validity of our various approaches is checked and a possible application is also discussed.

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