HYBRID REFLECTIONS IN POST-MODERN GRAPHIC DESIGN POSTERS

ATLAS JOURNAL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (44) ◽  
pp. 2207-2213
Author(s):  
Fatıma TOKGÖZ GÜN ◽  
Mehmet ÖZKARTAL
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Poster Art ◽  
Motion Images ◽  
Over Time

Hybrid works in art have many examples from past to present. Hybridization in poster art has been in question since the first years when posters started to appear. Hybridization in designs can occur in terms of both method and technique. In present study, it is mentioned how graphic design has removed the boundaries between itself and many disciplines since the use of technology in the field of art and how it allows hybrid studies. As it is known, the main purpose of graphic design is to convey an existing idea to the other party in the simplest way. For this reason, graphic design, which updates itself over time, has added motion and sound to its work area and shows itself with effective designs. While technically designs consist of two-dimensional studies for years, they can also be designed in three-dimensional or even four-dimensional forms with hybrid methods. While poster designs are prepared as flat and static, they update themselves with kinetic typography and motion images. Moreover, with hybrid presentations such as augmented reality and virtual reality in current works, designs interact more with people. It is seen that the artists who can think from a hybrid point of view attract more attention and interaction with the hybridity reflected in their designs, and they also reach the intended result in a catchy manner.

scholarly journals From the BTZ black hole to JT gravity: geometrizing the island

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evita Verheijden ◽  
Erik Verlinde
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Finite Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Geometric Representation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Btz Black Hole ◽  
Island Region ◽  
Dimensional Spacetime ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We study the evaporation of two-dimensional black holes in JT gravity from a three-dimensional point of view. A partial dimensional reduction of AdS3 in Poincaré coordinates leads to an extremal 2D black hole in JT gravity coupled to a ‘bath’: the holographic dual of the remainder of the 3D spacetime. Partially reducing the BTZ black hole gives us the finite temperature version. We compute the entropy of the radiation using geodesics in the three-dimensional spacetime. We then focus on the finite temperature case and describe the dynamics by introducing time-dependence into the parameter controlling the reduction. The energy of the black hole decreases linearly as we slowly move the dividing line between black hole and bath. Through a re-scaling of the BTZ parameters we map this to the more canonical picture of exponential evaporation. Finally, studying the entropy of the radiation over time leads to a geometric representation of the Page curve. The appearance of the island region is explained in a natural and intuitive fashion.

scholarly journals Coherent structures and chaotic advection in three dimensions

2010 ◽  
Vol 654 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN WIGGINS
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Coherent Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Chaotic Advection ◽  
Periodic Flow ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Time Periodic

In the 1980s the incorporation of ideas from dynamical systems theory into theoretical fluid mechanics, reinforced by elegant experiments, fundamentally changed the way in which we view and analyse Lagrangian transport. The majority of work along these lines was restricted to two-dimensional flows and the generalization of the dynamical systems point of view to fully three-dimensional flows has seen less progress. This situation may now change with the work of Pouransari et al. (J. Fluid Mech., this issue, vol. 654, 2010, pp. 5–34) who study transport in a three-dimensional time-periodic flow and show that completely new types of dynamical systems structures and consequently, coherent structures, form a geometrical template governing transport.

scholarly journals Modeling in AUTOCAD for bachelors

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Л.В. Карпюк ◽  
Н.О. Давіденко
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Graphic Editor

The article discusses the methods of using the AutoCad graphic editor for creating three-dimensional objects. The possibilities of three-dimensional modeling in the AutoCad graphic editor for optimizing the educational process of bachelors of technical specialties are also considered. The article analyzes the best ways to create mechanical engineering drawings.The most developed software tool for the production of design documentation is AutoCAD - a universal graphic design system. Creating models of any complexity in space by using this graphic editor, the user will be able to see their relative position, estimate the distance between them. The model can be freely moved in space, viewing many options. The ability to control the point of view allows to conveniently select the view of the 3D model that is being developed. Zooming, panning in real time with the ability to freely rotate the camera around the model provide the ability to quickly view objects from any point of view. The article provides examples of choosing the most optimal option for creating a three-dimensional model. The traditional way to create a 3D model drawing is to make 2D views of the model. When creating a flat drawing, there is a possibility of error when making projections, since they are created independently from each other and consist of several images. It is rather difficult to represent an object in space from a flat drawing. At present, modern software graphic editors are aimed at creating three-dimensional models that allow to create realistic models and, on their basis, get two-dimensional projections. Graphic editor AutoCad allows to create three-dimensional objects based on standard commands, in the form of a cylinder, cone, box, torus, etc., when editing which you can get the desired shapes. After creating a three-dimensional model, the user can get its two-dimensional projections not only on the main planes, but also on any plane at will. The 3D modeling method allows you to create a complex drawing with any number of images based on a 3D model. There are ways to create 2D plane drawings from a 3D model and the ability to edit ready-made designs that can be inserted from model space into paper space. Editing takes place by changing the parameters of a 3D object in model space, and these changes are automatically reflected in paper space. This method allows us to use the tools to quickly create a system of 3-4 linked views for a 3D AutoCad model.

Are Mechanisms for Perception of Biological Motion Different from Mechanisms for Perception of Nonbiological Motion?

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1301-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Poom ◽  
Henrik Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Motion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Constant Time ◽  
Coherent Motion ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Perception Of Biological Motion ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Unidirectional Motion

We compared the integration of information over space and time for perceiving different configurations of moving dots: a walking person (biological motion), rigid three-dimensional shapes, and unidirectional coherent motion of all dots (translation). No performance differences in judging walking direction and coherent translation direction were obtained in conditions with constant presentation times and varying number of target dots (integration over space). Depending on the speed of the two-dimensional configurations judgments were either worse or better than the judgments of walking direction. The results for conditions with different presentation times (integration over time) show that information about biological motion is integrated over time that increases with increasing gait period, while two-dimensional unidirectional motion is integrated over constant time independent of speed. The effect is not due to the oscillatory nature of the biological motion since information about a rigid three-dimensional shape is summed over a constant time independent of the period of the motion cycle. This could be interpreted as different neural mechanisms mediating the temporal summation for walking direction compared to detecting the orientation of rigid structure, or the direction of two-dimensional unidirectional motion. Since biological motion is characterized by nonrigidity, it is possible that the form itself is integrated over time and not the motion pattern.

Use of the mixing length concept to correctly reproduce velocity profiles of turbulent flows

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Loup Robert ◽  
Mohamed Khelifi ◽  
Ahmed Ghanmi
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Turbulent Viscosity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixing Length ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Constant Viscosity ◽  
Good Agreement

Since the viscous analogy of turbulence was introduced by Reynolds, many formulations for turbulent viscosity have been proposed. One of them, based on the mixing length concept, is investigated here in a broader point of view. The mixing length concept was used to correctly model turbulent velocity profiles for irregular two-dimensional and three-dimensional domains. Two cases of study were investigated for this purpose: a simple two-dimensional aerodynamic problem and a more complicated three-dimensional hydraulic problem. Results showed that the use of a constant viscosity fails to correctly reproduce experimental observations. On the other hand, the use of the mixing length concept leads to a good agreement between the measured and predicted values.Key words: fluid flow, finite element method, mixing length flow theory, turbulent flow, velocity profiles.

Transient lift of three-dimensional purely supersonic wings

1950 ◽  
Vol 202 (1068) ◽  
pp. 54-80 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Small Aspect Ratio ◽  
Delta Wings ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Chord Distance ◽  
Function Of Two Variables ◽  
Straight Lines

A theory for the transient lift of two-dimensional supersonic wings given in a previous paper (Strang 1948) is extended to cover three-dimensional wings of the purely supersonic class. It is found that a simple function of two variables can be defined which can express all the pressure distributions of this and related problems. Charts are given for calculating the unsteady lift of wings with plan-forms made up of a finite number of straight lines, especially delta wings. For delta wings, the important parameters are Mach number and chord-distance travelled, the sweep-back being less significant. It is concluded that plan-forms of small aspect-ratio are the most advantageous from the point of view of gust-loading, on account of their greater chord-length for given area.

Three-Dimensional Flow Patterns in Two-Dimensional Wakes

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Triantafyllou
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Asymptotic State ◽  
Spanwise Direction ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Average Flow ◽  
Instability Modes ◽  
Parallel Shear Flows ◽  
Visualization Experiments ◽  
Vortex Patterns

The development of three-dimensional patterns in the wake of two-dimensional objects is examined from the point of view of hydrodynamic stability. It is first shown that for parallel shear flows, which are homogeneous along their span, the time-asymptotic state of the instability is always two-dimensional. Subsequently, the effect of flow inhomogeneities in the spanwise direction is examined. Slow modulations of the time-average flow in the span wise direction, and localized regions of strongly inhomogeneous flow are separately considered. It is shown that the instability modes of an average flow with a slow modulation along the span have a spanwise wavelength equal to twice that of the average flow. Moreover, for the same average flow two instability modes are possible, identical in every respect except from their spanwise structure. Localized inhomogeneities on the other hand can generate through linear resonances inclined vortex filaments in the homogeneous part of the fluid. The theory provides an explanation for the vortex patterns observed in recent flow visualization experiments, and a theoretical justification of the cosine law for the frequency of inclined vortex shedding (Williamson, 1988).

scholarly journals THE SANSEVERO CHAPEL, A THREE-DIMENSIONAL POINT OF VIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
V. Cera ◽  
D. Marcos González ◽  
L. A. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Representation Systems ◽  
Representation Of Space ◽  
Special Relevance ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In this article, the importance of the three-dimensional survey in architectural spaces will be studied, taking special relevance in the study of the perception of perspective, since three-dimensional space would not be understood from a two-dimensional representation of space. The project aims to develop a comparison between the representation systems based on the automatic acquisition of various data by different 3D survey techniques. In particular, the document reports the results of an analysis based on the Sansevero Chapel in Naples.</p>

scholarly journals DIMENSIONALITY EFFECTS IN TURING PATTERN FORMATION

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (29) ◽  
pp. 5541-5553 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEEMU LEPPÄNEN ◽  
MIKKO KARTTUNEN ◽  
KIMMO KASKI ◽  
RAFAEL A. BARRIO
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Turing Instability ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pattern Selection ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
Turing Pattern ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Difference

The problem of morphogenesis and Turing instability are revisited from the point of view of dimensionality effects. First the linear analysis of a generic Turing model is elaborated to the case of multiple stationary states, which may lead the system to bistability. The difference between two- and three-dimensional pattern formation with respect to pattern selection and robustness is discussed. Preliminary results concerning the transition between quasi-two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures are presented and their relation to experimental results are addressed.

Reconciliation of two-dimensional (‘cross-grating’) and three-dimensional phenomena in electron diffraction and resolution of other anomalies on the basis of Bragg reflexions from single crystal lamellae suffering radially progressive shear strain

1959 ◽  
Vol 250 (1263) ◽  
pp. 439-459
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shear Plane ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Model

An intricate repetitive fringe pattern, due to the loss of electrons by diffraction from a crystal lamella, was explained earlier in terms of a crystal model in a state of progressive shear strain in which the primitive translations of successive net-planes changed progressively through the thickness of the layer. The electron diffraction pattern to be expected from this three-dimensional model is now shown theoretically to be identical geometrically with the diffraction pattern from the two-dimensional array of atoms in a single constituent net-plane comprising a cross-grating, so that the model offers also a simple explanation of two-dimensional (‘cross-grating’) diffraction effects in terms of conventional theory for diffraction from three-dimensional crystals. Normal size diffraction rings would not arise from an assembly of the model crystals, but closely similar rings would appear following the law nλ = d sin 2 θ , as distinct from the Bragg law nλ = 2 d sin θ , when, for example, the beam was normal to the shear plane and parallel to the reflecting planes prior to the incidence of strain. While such near-normal rings could fail to appear for certain potentially reflecting planes, ‘extra’ rings would appear and could be arranged in families comprising ‘bands’. These bands would have a ‘head’ on an apparently normal ring and a ‘tail’ on an ‘extra’ ring. Comparison of the model with other published data in electron diffraction suggests that it is compatible with a recently published observation of excessive d 111 / d 200 and d 111 / d 220 spacing ratios in biological work, with early work showing ‘extra’ rings and ‘bands’ from electro-deposited metal films, with ‘extra’ rings from metal foils and with small beam deviations down to zero corresponding to infinite spacings. The model, based directly on effects observed experimentally, and now shown to be supported by previously published work, needs to be examined theoretically from the point of view of stability and in connexion with both Frank and van der Merwe’s theory of orientation calling for pseudomorphic monolayers and Finch and Quarrell’s work which led to the concept of basal plane pseudomorphism.

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