HUN TUN VERSUS BIG BANG: HOW CLASSICAL CHAOS IMPLIES BOTH "THERMODYNAMICS" AND "CRYODYNAMICS"

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1230007
Author(s):  
OTTO E. RÖSSLER
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Geometric Proof ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Classical Chaos ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hubble’S Law ◽  
Newtonian Systems ◽  
Point Of Departure

The pre-history of chaos in a rationalist context is taken as a point of departure, starting out with ancient China. The related ancient-Greek "unmixing theory" then leads over to two simple formally 2-body Hamiltonian systems exhibiting chaotic behavior. When the two masses involved are unequal, "pseudoattractors" are formed. Deterministic statistical "thermodynamics" with its dissipative behavior arises when the potential is repulsive. Deterministic statistical "cryodynamics" arises when the potential is attractive. The latter class of Newtonian systems is characterized by "antidissipative" behavior. A geometric proof is sketched in the footsteps of Sinai and Bunimovich. Antidissipative behavior is known empirically from Hubble's law which was so far explained in less fundamental terms. Three experimental examples are proposed.

Liturgical Power

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Heron
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
People Of God ◽  
The People ◽  
Pastoral Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic History ◽  
Point Of Departure

The second chapter seeks to deepen and extend Agamben’s analysis by describing the terms of a specifically Christian technology of power. Its point of departure is Erik Peterson’s suggestion that the form of political action specific to Christianity coincides with the Church’s appropriation of the practice that in the ancient Greek polis was termed leitourgia; a suggestion which in turn stimulates a reappraisal of Foucault’s influential notion of pastoral power. “Pastoral power,” the chapter argues, on the basis of a detailed reconstruction of the semantic history of the term (laos) that in the Greek biblical tradition designates the “people” as the referent of pastoral intervention, is more precisely conceived as “liturgical power.” Only by emphasising its liturgical dimension, it contends, can we fully grasp the stakes of the process that Foucault himself suggestively described as the “institutionalisation of the pastorate” and which coincides with the establishment of a fundamental division in the single people of God.

Expansion Everlasting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Vigdor
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Acoustic Oscillations ◽  
Cosmic Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
Hubble’S Law ◽  
The Universe

Chapter 5 presents experiments illuminating the cosmological evolution of the universe and its energy budget, accounting for its longevity. The observations establishing the Hubble’s Law linear relationship between intergalactic distances and recession speeds, and their interpretation in terms of the expansion of cosmic space, are reviewed. The evidence for big bang cosmology from nucleosynthesis and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is presented. The measurements that establish the ongoing acceleration of the cosmic expansion are reviewed: distant supernova recession speeds, tiny CMB anisotropies, baryon acoustic oscillations, and gravitational lensing. Excellent model fits to these data, assuming general relativity, cold dark matter, and a cosmological constant, lead to precise determinations of both the age of the universe and the energy budget of the universe. The cosmic history of the expansion rate and the energy budget are inferred, along with the remarkable flatness of cosmic space within the observable portion of the universe.

scholarly journals Theatre, Science, and the Popular: Two Contemporary Examples From Scandinavia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Skjoldager-Nielsen ◽  
Kim Skjoldager-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theatre Studies ◽  
Science Theatre ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article explores relations between theatre, science, and the popular, which have largely been overlooked by Nordic theatre studies. The aim here is to introduce and understand the variety of ways theatre may communicate science to the public, the point of departure informed by the historical development of the relations between the three concepts and Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological critique of modern science. The two analytical examples are Swedish Charlotte Engelkes’ and Peder Bjurman’s Svarta hål – en kvantfysisk vaudeville (2014) and Danish Hotel Pro Forma’s adult per­formance for children Kosmos+ En Big Bang forestilling om universets vidundre (2014).History of science reveals complex combinations of science and the popular in theatri­cal events that raises the question if the audience’s understanding of the scientific sub­ject matter itself always was – or has to be – the purpose of the popular science perfor­mance, or if it rather was – and is – about spurring interest by inspiring sentiments of wonder and reflection on science’s impact on life and outlooks. Newer conceptual devel­opments also suggest that it is not always the case that theatre is a tool for sci­ence popularisation, as a specific genre science theatre, but that scientific information and concepts are artistically interpreted by theatre, and not always in ways affirmative of the science. This later variant is called science-in-theatre. The two genres are demon­strated through the analyses of Svarta hål and Kosmos+, the claim being that the first was an ambiguous exposition of science, i.e. science-in-theatre, whereas the second established an artistically visionary affirmation, as regular science theatre.

Light and Sensitivity: Love in the Time of the Daguerreotype

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czeczot
Keyword(s):  
Male Gaze ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Passive Object

The article deals with the love of Zygmunt Krasiński to Delfina Potocka. The point of departure is the poet's definition of love as looking and reads Krasiński's relationship with his beloved in the context of two phenomena that fascinated him at the time: daguerreotype and magnetism. The invention of the daguerreotype in which the history of photography and spiritism comes together becomes a pretext for the formulation of a new concept of love and the loving subject. In the era of painting the woman was treated as a passive object of the male gaze; photography reverses this scheme of power. Love ceases to be a static relationship of the subject in love and the passive object – the beloved. The philosophy of developing photographs (and invoking phantoms) allows Krasiński - the writing subject to become like a light-sensitive material that reveals the image of the beloved.

Between History and Nature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Waldow
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Hermeneutic Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Way

From within the philosophy of history and history of science alike, attention has been paid to Herder’s naturalist commitment and especially to the way in which his interest in medicine, anatomy, and biology facilitates philosophically significant notions of force, organism, and life. As such, Herder’s contribution is taken to be part of a wider eighteenth-century effort to move beyond Newtonian mechanism and the scientific models to which it gives rise. In this scholarship, Herder’s hermeneutic philosophy—as it grows out of his engagement with poetry, drama, and both literary translation and literary documentation projects—has received less attention. Taking as its point of departure Herder’s early work, this chapter proposes that, in his work on literature, Herder formulates an anthropologically sensitive approach to the human sciences that has still not received the attention it deserves.

The Tangled Tale of Phase Space

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Three Body Problem ◽  
Henri Poincaré ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Space Phase ◽  
Central Paradigm ◽  
System Phase

This chapter presents the history of the development of the concept of phase space. Phase space is the central visualization tool used today to study complex systems. The chapter describes the origins of phase space with the work of Joseph Liouville and Carl Jacobi that was later refined by Ludwig Boltzmann and Rudolf Clausius in their attempts to define and explain the subtle concept of entropy. The turning point in the history of phase space was when Henri Poincaré used phase space to solve the three-body problem, uncovering chaotic behavior in his quest to answer questions on the stability of the solar system. Phase space was established as the central paradigm of statistical mechanics by JW Gibbs and Paul Ehrenfest.

The Experience of Poetry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Attridge
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
English Renaissance ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The question this book addresses is whether, in addition to its other roles, poetry—or a cultural practice we now call poetry—has, across the two-and-a-half millennia from the composition of the Homeric epics to the publication of Ben Jonson’s Works and the death of Shakespeare in 1616, continuously afforded the pleasurable experience we identify with the crafting of language into memorable and moving rhythmic forms. Parts I and II examine the evidence for the performance of the Iliad and the Odyssey and of Ancient Greek lyric poetry, the impact of the invention of writing on Alexandrian verse, the performances of poetry that characterized Ancient Rome, and the private and public venues for poetic experience in Late Antiquity. Part III deals with medieval verse, exploring the oral traditions that spread across Europe in the vernacular languages, the importance of manuscript transmission, the shift from roll to codex and from papyrus to parchment, and the changing audiences for poetry. Part IV explores the achievements of the English Renaissance, from the manuscript verse of Henry VIII’s court to the anthologies and collections of the late Elizabethan period. Among the topics considered in this part are the advent of print, the experience of the solitary reader, the continuing significance of manuscript circulation, the presence of poet figures in pageants and progresses, and the appearance of poets on the Elizabethan stage. Tracking both continuity and change, the book offers a history of what, over these twenty-five centuries, it has meant to enjoy a poem.

scholarly journals Complexes of Emotions in Joseph and Aseneth

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-155
Author(s):  
Tyler Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Emotional Aspect ◽  
Complex Emotions ◽  
Jewish Text ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Literature ◽  
Joseph And Aseneth ◽  
Greek Novel

The ancient Greek novel introduced to the history of literature a new topos: the “complex of emotions.” This became a staple of storytelling and remains widely in use across a variety of genres to the present day. The Hellenistic Jewish text Joseph and Aseneth employs this topos in at least three passages, where it draws attention to the cognitive-emotional aspect of the heroine’s conversion. This is interesting for what it contributes to our understanding of the genre of Aseneth, but it also has social-historical implications. In particular, it supports the idea that Aseneth reflects concerns about Gentile partners in Jewish-Gentile marriages, that Gentile partners might convert out of expedience or that they might be less than fully committed to abandoning “idolatrous” attachments. The representations of deep, grievous, and complex emotions in Aseneth’s transformational turn from idolatry to monolatry, then, might play a psychagogic role for the Gentile reader interested in marrying a Jewish person.

What, Where and Why is Europe? Some Answers from Recent Historiography

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
The Political ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Alexander Von Humboldt ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institutional Expansion ◽  
Definition Of

Writing the history of a continent is generally a tricky business. If the continent is not even a real continent, but rather ‘a western peninsula of Asia’ (Alexander von Humboldt) without a clear definition of where the continent becomes peninsula, things do not get any easier. Despite these problems there is no dearth of trying. In fact, writing European histories seems to become more fashionable by the year — ironically just as the political and institutional expansion of Europe is losing steam. While the European Union is catching its breath, the historians are catching up. With the first wave of post-Euro and post-big-bang-Enlargement literature written, it is time for the reviewer to survey the landscape — and to provide some guideposts for future exploration.

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