A NEW CLASSIFICATION OF NON-OVERLAPPING SYMMETRIC BINARY FRACTAL TREES USING EPSILON HULLS

Fractals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 365-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Computational Topology ◽  
The Self ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Space Filling ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Definition Of

This paper presents an analysis of non-overlapping symmetric binary fractal trees using methods of computational topology. In particular, we study the topological aspects of the epsilon-hulls of the trees as epsilon ranges over the non-negative real numbers. The complexity of a tree is defined in terms of the maximum range of the number of levels of holes that can be present for a given ∊. All self-contacting trees have infinite complexity, with the important exceptions of the self-contacting trees with branching angles 90° and 135° (which are space-filling). These two angles have been identified by Mandelbrot and Frame as being topologically critical, and our analysis provides further support to that claim. We will show that for trees with branching angles 90° or 135°, there is a finite upper bound to complexity. For all other branching angles there is no upper bound to complexity. Self-avoiding trees are topologically equivalent because they are all contractible. Our new definition of complexity provides a new way to compare self-avoiding trees.

scholarly journals Geometric and Topological Bases of a New Classification of Wood Vascular Tissues Part 1: Shape and Arrangement Classifications of Vessels

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7545
Author(s):  
Nikolai Bardarov ◽  
Vladislav Todorov ◽  
Nicole Christoff
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Topological Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Wood Science ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The need to identify wood by its anatomical features requires a detailed analysis of all the elements that make it up. This is a significant problem of structural wood science, the most general and complete solution of which is yet to be sought. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the use of computer vision methods to automate processes such as the detection, identification, and classification of different tissues and different tree species. The more successful use of these methods in wood anatomy requires a more precise and comprehensive definition of the anatomical elements, according to their geometric and topological characteristics. In this article, we conduct a detailed analysis of the limits of variation of the location and grouping of vessels in the observed microscopic samples. The present development offers criteria and quantitative indicators for defining the terms shape, location, and group of wood tissues. It is proposed to differentiate the quantitative indicators of the vessels depending on their geometric and topological characteristics. Thus, with the help of computer vision technics, it will be possible to establish topological characteristics of wood vessels, the extraction of which would be used to develop an algorithm for the automatic classification of tree species.

scholarly journals CONSTITUTIVE EVALUATIVE CONCEPTS IN CRIMINAL LAW: CONCEPT, TYPES, FUNCTIONS, ESSENTIAL FEATURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-458
Author(s):  
D.R. Kasimov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cognitive Meaning

The article provides a new classification of evaluative concepts enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, indicates the purpose of its existence in the doctrine of criminal law. The article describes the definition of constitutive evaluative concepts that are determined as legislatively vague evaluative concepts that, by their normative-essential and functionally-substantive characteristics, are absolute, necessarily alternative, or accompanying structural features of a crime. Through the prism of the features of constitutive evaluative concepts, their varieties, essential features and functions are distinguished; interpretation (including cognitive) meaning is revealed. Moreover, the interpretation features of these evaluative concepts are considered in two interdependent aspects: the structurally-essential (associated with the types, attributes and functions of constitutive evaluative concepts) and the procedural-substantive (associated with the informative and informative activities of the interpreter). It is indicated that the interpretation features of an structurally-essential nature are, firstly, in the composition and criminogenic properties of constitutive evaluative concepts, and secondly, in the semantic structural composition, indicating a meaningful dependence of the evaluative concept on the accompanying structural features of a crime, and thirdly, legally significant functional features. At the same time, interpretative features of a procedural-substantive order are also highlighted, which include, firstly, the need for a paramount definition of the criminogenic determinant, designed to establish the structural features of a crime in a perfect act, and secondly, in an increased degree of normative casuistic derivative of these evaluative concepts. The author comes to the conclusion that constitutive evaluative concepts are interpreted according to the same logical-linguistic and legal laws, but with some marked structurally meaningful features.

Kambin’s triangle: definition and new classification schema

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Fanous ◽  
Luis M. Tumialán ◽  
Michael Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Articular Process ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Original Report ◽  
Definition Of

Kambin’s triangle is an anatomical corridor used to access critical structures in a variety of spinal procedures. It is considered a safe space because it is devoid of vascular and neural structures of importance. Nonetheless, there is currently significant variation in the literature regarding the exact dimensions and anatomical borders of Kambin’s triangle. This confusion was originally caused by leaving the superior articular process (SAP) unassigned in the description of the working triangle, despite Kambin identifying that structure in his original report. The SAP is the most relevant structure to consider when accessing the transforaminal corridor. Leaving the SAP unassigned has led to an open-handed application of the term “Kambin’s triangle.” That single eponym currently has two potential meanings, one meaning for endoscopic surgeons working through a corridor in the intact spine and a second meaning for surgeons accessing the disc space after a complete or partial facetectomy. Nevertheless, an anatomical corridor should have one consistent definition to clearly communicate techniques and use of instrumentation performed through that space. As such, the authors propose a new surgically relevant classification of this corridor. Assigning the SAP a border requires adding another dimension to the triangle, thereby transforming it into a prism. The term “Kambin’s prism” indicates the assignment of a border to all relevant anatomical structures, allowing for a uniform definition of the 3D space. From there, the classification scheme considers the expansion of the corridor and the extent of bone removal, with a particular focus on the SAP.

scholarly journals Aulacogens, the Donets Basin (Eastern Ukraine, Southwestern Russia), and the new classification of rifts: Towards a proper terminology

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dmitry Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Donets Basin ◽  
New Classification ◽  
East European ◽  
Continental Rifts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Present Understanding

Some intra-cratonic basins are traditionally called ?aulacogens?. This term has persisted in the geoscience literature since its invention by Soviet geologists in the mid-20th century before the triumph of the plate tectonics, but its meaning has evolved. Attempts to change its meaning from descriptive to genetic have led to a broad spectrum of opinions on the definition of aulacogens. Some specialists related them to continental rifts, while others have restricted aulacogens to the only particular rift systems or peculiar stages in the evolution of young cratons. The Donets Basin is a typical aulacogen stretching across the southern margin of the East European Craton. A brief review of present knowledge of this basin shows that its nature is rather incompatible with the present understanding of aulacogens. Instead, the new classification of rifts offers a more precise terminology for its exact characteristics. It is suggested that the term ?aulacogen? should only be restricted to those basins for which it has been applied historically.

scholarly journals 2020: Renewing the Paradigms for Orofacial Pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Daniel Chavarría-Bolanos ◽  
Amaury Pozos-Guillén ◽  
Mauricio Montero-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
International Association ◽  
International Health ◽  
International Classification ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Health Community ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

In 2020, two important changes were adapted by the international health community: a new definition of pain and a new classification for orofacial pain conditions. With these changes new tasks and challenges also emerged, and clinicians from several disciplines begun to adopt and reconsidered classic paradigms, and the policies derived from them. This new perspective article, examine the new definition of pain proposed by the International Association for the Study of Pain, and the new International Classification of Orofacial Pain; analyzing the positive impact and further perspectives of these.

The development of geophysical maps’new classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 923 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
D.S. Loginov ◽  
S.A. Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
New Classification ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Geophysical Mapping

At the present time, the common classification of geophysical maps is missing, which is a consequence of their long-term development of the geological mapping. The features of existing approaches to the definition of geophysical maps’ place among maps of natural phenomena and the limitations of existing lists of mapping themes were determined and identified in this article. New approaches to the classification of geophysical maps that take into account the completeness of their contents and the current state of geophysical mapping were offered. A new classification of geophysical maps was elaborated based on four criteria

scholarly journals Revisiting the Personality Traits and Dimensions within the Frame Work of Vedic Science

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhey Shyam Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
The Self ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Vedic Science ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Outer Garment

The personality, as the outer garment of the character, manifests on different fronts of human actions and is assessed in an organization through several parameters, the so-called personality traits and dimensions. One popular approach used for this purpose is that of Jung which is based on four cognitive styles of psychology. The personality theory of Jung, in fact, yields four sharp categories of personality using two opposite ways of gathering information, namely sensation and intuition and another pair of two opposite ways of evaluating information, namely thinking and feeling. These different ways of gathering and evaluating information combine to form matrix of four problem-solving behaviors in cognitive psychology. Using the basics of Vedic Science, in particular the science of the Self (as developed earlier through the patomic model of human Being [1]), a deeper foundation to this scheme of classification of Jung is suggested in the present work. While investigating the ingredients of personality at the most fundamental level within this frame work, certain clues to improving the personality are also given. Further, with reference to an integrated personality (in terms of integrated body, mind and soul towards the success of an action) a personality creation mechanism is suggested which yields a new classification scheme on the basis of Vedic Science. It is argued that modern methods for assessing the personality while lack in assessing the spiritual content in the personality, the scheme suggested here, however, is rich enough for this purpose.

IMAGE ENGINEERING AND RELATED PUBLICATIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Understanding ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Statistical Survey

Image engineering is a discipline that includes image processing, image analysis, image understanding, and the applications of these techniques. To promote its development and evolvement, this paper provides a well-regulated explanation of the definition of image engineering, as well as its intention and extension. It also introduces a new classification of the theories of image engineering, and the applications of image technology. A thorough statistical survey on the publications in this discipline is carried out, and an analysis and discussion of the statistics from the classification results are presented. This work shows a general and an up-to-date picture of the status, progress, trends and application areas of image engineering.

scholarly journals De-Extinction

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Novak
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
New Classification ◽  
International Union ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Woolly Mammoth

De-extinction projects for species such as the woolly mammoth and passenger pigeon have greatly stimulated public and scientific interest, producing a large body of literature and much debate. To date, there has been little consistency in descriptions of de-extinction technologies and purposes. In 2016, a special committee of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) published a set of guidelines for de-extinction practice, establishing the first detailed description of de-extinction; yet incoherencies in published literature persist. There are even several problems with the IUCN definition. Here I present a comprehensive definition of de-extinction practice and rationale that expounds and reconciles the biological and ecological inconsistencies in the IUCN definition. This new definition brings together the practices of reintroduction and ecological replacement with de-extinction efforts that employ breeding strategies to recover unique extinct phenotypes into a single “de-extinction” discipline. An accurate understanding of de-extinction and biotechnology segregates the restoration of certain species into a new classification of endangerment, removing them from the purview of de-extinction and into the arena of species’ recovery. I term these species as “evolutionarily torpid species”; a term to apply to species falsely considered extinct, which in fact persist in the form of cryopreserved tissues and cultured cells. For the first time in published literature, all currently active de-extinction breeding programs are reviewed and their progress presented. Lastly, I review and scrutinize various topics pertaining to de-extinction in light of the growing body of peer-reviewed literature published since de-extinction breeding programs gained public attention in 2013.

scholarly journals Definition and Classification of Bioceramic Endodontic Sealers

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-904
Author(s):  
Kostadin Zhekov ◽  
Vesela P. Stefanova
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
New Classification ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Composition Properties ◽  
Endodontic Sealers ◽  
Original Classification

Introduction: The term “bioceramic” is used in endodontics to describe various products and is often used in general terms for mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and other hydroscopic dental cements (HDC), which creates confusion in the terminology. Aim: The aim of the study is to present a definition and an original classification of bioceramic endodontic sealers. Materials and methods: A total of 123 articles were found by the PubMed search engine using the key phrase “bioceramic endodontic sealers”. Of these 123 articles, we analyzed 20 articles that contain information about the composition, properties, definition, and classification of bioceramic endodontic sealers. Results: In accordance with the collected data on the composition and the delivery form of calcium silicate endodontic sealers, we propose a new definition of bioceramic endodontic sealers that clarifies the specificities of these materials. In the new classification they are divided by two criteria: source of calcium silicate and form of delivery. It also contains the particular products’ names in order to aid their usage in the clinical practice.  Conclusions: The new definition of bioceramic endodontic sealers clears out the confusion in the terminology, which promotes the classification of these products and helps understanding their clinical application.

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