EVALUATION OF THE COUPLING BETWEEN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) AND GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE (GSR) SIGNALS VERSUS THE COMPLEX STRUCTURE OF MUSIC

Since skin activity, like other organs, is controlled by the brain, we decoded the correlation among the brain and skin responses in auditory stimulation by complexity-based analysis of EEG and GSR signals. Three pieces of music were selected according to the difference in the fractal exponent and sample entropy of embedded noises in them. We calculated the fractal dimension and sample entropy of EEG and GSR signals for 11 subjects in rest and response to these music pieces. The correlation coefficients of 0.9525 and 0.9822 in the case of fractal dimension and sample entropy demonstrated a strong correlation between the complexities of the GSR and EEG signals. Therefore, we can state that the skin and brain responses are coupled. This method can be applied to evaluate the relationship between the human brain and other organs.

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COMPLEXITY-BASED EVALUATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HEART AND BRAIN RESPONSES TO MUSIC

Fractals ◽

10.1142/s0218348x21502388 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2150238

Author(s):

TISARA KUMARASINGHE ◽

ONDREJ KREJCAR ◽

ALI SELAMAT ◽

NORAZRYANA MAT DAWI ◽

ENRIQUE HERRERA-VIEDMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fractal Dimension ◽

Sample Entropy ◽

Auditory Stimuli ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Pink Noise ◽

Eeg Signals ◽

Brain Responses ◽

Brown Noise ◽

The Difference ◽

The Brain

The evaluation of the correlation between the activations of various organs has great importance. This work investigated the synchronization of the brain and heart responses to different auditory stimuli using complexity-based analysis. We selected three pieces of music based on the difference in the complexity of embedded noise (including white noise, brown noise, and pink noise) in them. We played these pieces of music for 11 subjects (7 M and 4 F) and computed the fractal dimension and sample entropy of EEG signals and R–R time series [as heart rate variability (HRV)]. We found strong correlations ([Formula: see text] in the case of fractal dimension and [Formula: see text] in the case of sample entropy) among the complexities of EEG signals and HRV. This finding demonstrates the synchronization of the brain and heart responses and auditory stimuli from the complexity perspective.

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Prevalence of ADHD in children born by mothers consuming Frankincense during pregnancy

Advances in Pharmacology and Therapeutics Journal ◽

10.18502/aptj.v1i1.7959 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alimohammad Ranjbar ◽

Elahe Kamali Ardakani ◽

Rahele Zareshahi

Keyword(s):

Data Gathering ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Dsm V ◽

History Of ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain ◽

Positive Effect

Aims: In Iranian culture, due to some narratives from the prophet Mohammad about the use of frankincense during pregnancy for increasing IQ in children, some women consume frankincense during expectancy. This study's goal is to evaluate the relationship between frankincense used during pregnancy and the incidence of ADHD. Methods: In this study, the case group comprised children 4-17 years old referring to Shahid Chamran Pharmacy in Yazd from summer to winter 2018 for receiving Methylphenidate, those with whom a psychologist had identified ADHD based on DSM-V factors. The control group included children of the same age group but without ADHD. For data gathering, a checklist was used with some questions on smoking, family history of ADHD, presence/absence of a specific disease during pregnancy, frankincense used during pregnancy, and a chemical medication consumed during pregnancy. Results: The main result demonstrated that the children whose mothers used frankincense during pregnancy were 0.67 times less likely to be affected by ADHD than those whose mothers did not use this substance. However, the difference failed to be statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Some studies report that frankincense can bear a positive effect on the development of the brain and possibly adequate formation of dendrites trees, axons and induce proper communication between them, so the impact of frankincense on the brain may be justified by its protective effect against the hyperactive child.

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The Relationship Between Nasal Sound Pressure Level and Palatopharyngeal Closure

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.1201.193 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 193-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ralph L. Shelton ◽

William B. Arndt ◽

Albert W. Knox ◽

Mary Elbert ◽

Linda Chisum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sound Pressure Level ◽

Sound Pressure ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Pressure Level ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship

A group of 21 subjects with well-fitted speech bulbs was compared for nasal sound pressure level (SPL) with a group of 13 subjects having moderate deficiency of palatopharyngeal closure. The difference in mean measures for the two groups was statistically significant. Correlation coefficients are reported for the relationships between nasal SPL and both a cinefluorographic measure of palatopharyngeal closure and several articulation measures.

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Test Anxiety and Its Relationship to Self-Esteem During the COVID-19 Pandemic

International Journal of Psychological Studies ◽

10.5539/ijps.v13n4p15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Nawal Hamid Mohammed Hamid

Keyword(s):

Test Anxiety ◽

Preliminary Data ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Self Esteem ◽

The Self ◽

P Value ◽

Northern Border ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Descriptive Method

This research aimed to investigate the level of test anxiety and the relationship between test anxiety and self-esteem among the students of the faculty of Science and Arts in Rafha campus, Northern Border University, KSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, it intended to identify the differences in test anxiety among the students according to gender variable. The researcher applied the descriptive method, prepared a preliminary data form, and used the Westside Test Anxiety Scale by Driscoll (2007) and the Self-esteem Scale by El Sayed (2019). The data were collected online, and the sample size was (336) students. The results showed that the level of test anxiety among the students of the faculty of Science and Arts during the COVID-19 pandemic was high. The correlation coefficient between the impairment subscale and self-esteem was negative but statistically insignificant. Moreover, the correlation coefficients between both the worry subscale and the test anxiety total scores with the self-esteem resulted in a negative sign and statistically significant. There were significant differences in test anxiety among the students in the impairment subscale, the P-value was (0.005), which indicates that the difference between the two means is statistically significant, and the males’ mean is greater. While the P-value for the worry subscale was (0.226), which indicates that the difference was insignificant, the P-value of the test anxiety total scores was (0.029), which reveals that the difference between the two means is statistically significant, and the males’ mean is greater.

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ANALYSIS OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BRAIN AND SKIN REACTIONS TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSIC

Fractals ◽

10.1142/s0218348x21501243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (02) ◽

pp. 2150124

Author(s):

HAMIDREZA NAMAZI ◽

DUMITRU BALEANU ◽

SHAFIUL OMAM ◽

ONDREJ KREJCAR

Keyword(s):

Rock Music ◽

Research Area ◽

Sample Entropy ◽

Skin Reactions ◽

Dimension Formula ◽

Different Types ◽

Skin Response ◽

Important Research Area ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽

The Brain

Evaluation of the correlation among the activities of various organs is an important research area in physiology. In this paper, we analyzed the correlation between the brain and skin reactions in response to various auditory stimuli. We played three different music (relaxing, pop, and rock music) to eleven subjects (4 M and 7 F, 18–22 years old) and accordingly analyzed the changes in the complexity of Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) signals by calculating their fractal exponent and sample entropy. A strong correlation was observed among the alterations of the complexity of GSR and EEG signals in the case of fractal dimension ([Formula: see text]) and also sample entropy ([Formula: see text]), which indicates the correlation between the activities of skin and brain. This analysis method could be further applied to investigate the correlation among the activities of the brain and other organs of the human body.

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ANALYSIS OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN EYES AND BRAIN ACTIVITIES IN RESPONSE TO MOVING VISUAL STIMULI

Fractals ◽

10.1142/s0218348x21502741 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

RAMESH RAMAMOORTHY ◽

AVINASH MENON ◽

KARTHIKEYAN RAJAGOPAL ◽

ROBERT FRISCHER ◽

HAMIDREZA NAMAZI

Keyword(s):

Fractal Dimension ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Fractal Theory ◽

Visual Stimuli ◽

Sample Entropy ◽

Eeg Signals ◽

Complex Patterns ◽

The Brain

This paper analyzed the coupling among the reactions of eyes and brain in response to visual stimuli. Since eye movements and electroencephalography (EEG) signals as the features of eye and brain activities have complex patterns, we utilized fractal theory and sample entropy to decode the correlation between them. In the experiment, subjects looked at a dot that moved on different random paths (dynamic visual stimuli) on the screen of a computer in front of them while we recorded their EEG signals and eye movements simultaneously. The results indicated that the changes in the complexity of eye movements and EEG signals are coupled ([Formula: see text] in case of fractal dimension and [Formula: see text] in case of sample entropy), which reflects the coupling between the brain and eye activities. This analysis could be extended to evaluate the correlation between the activities of other organs versus the brain.

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Complexity-Based Analysis of the Variations of Brain and Muscle Reactions in Walking and Standing Balance While Receiving Different Perturbations

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2021.749082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Najmeh Pakniyat ◽

Hamidreza Namazi

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Fractal Dimension ◽

Sample Entropy ◽

Standing Balance ◽

Physiological Signals ◽

Complex Structures ◽

Eeg Signals ◽

Muscle Activations ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽

The Brain

In this article, we evaluated the variations of the brain and muscle activations while subjects are exposed to different perturbations to walking and standing balance. Since EEG and EMG signals have complex structures, we utilized the complexity-based analysis. Specifically, we analyzed the fractal dimension and sample entropy of Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electromyogram (EMG) signals while subjects walked and stood, and received different perturbations in the form of pulling and rotation (via virtual reality). The results showed that the complexity of EEG signals was higher in walking than standing as the result of different perturbations. However, the complexity of EMG signals was higher in standing than walking as the result of different perturbations. Therefore, the alterations in the complexity of EEG and EMG signals are inversely correlated. This analysis could be extended to investigate simultaneous variations of rhythmic patterns of other physiological signals while subjects perform different activities.

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Contrasting the Co-variability of Daytime Cloud and Precipitation over Tropical Land and Ocean

10.5194/acp-2017-612 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Daeho Jin ◽

Lazaros Oreopoulos ◽

Dongmin Lee ◽

Nayeong Cho ◽

Jackson Tan

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽

Cloud Type ◽

Convective Systems ◽

Low Cloud ◽

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽

The Difference ◽

Histogram Bins ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. The co-variability of cloud and precipitation in the extended tropics (35° N–35° S) is investigated using contemporaneous datasets for a 13-year period. The goal is to quantify the relationship between cloud types and precipitation events of particular strength. Particular attention is paid to whether the relationship exhibits different characteristics over tropical land and ocean. A major analysis metric is correlation coefficients between fractions of individual cloud types and frequencies within precipitation histogram bins that have been matched in time and space. The cloud type fractions are derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) joint histograms of cloud top pressure and cloud optical thickness in one-degree grid cells, and the precipitation frequencies come from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) dataset aggregated to the same grid. It is found that the strongest coupling (positive correlation) between clouds and precipitation occurs for cumulonimbus clouds and heaviest rainfall over ocean. While the same cloud type and rainfall bin are also best correlated over land compared to other combinations, the correlation magnitude over land is weaker than over ocean. The difference is attributed to the greater size of convective systems over ocean. It is also found both over ocean and land that the anti-correlation of strong precipitation with weak (i.e., thin and/or low) cloud types is of greater absolute strength than positive correlations between weak cloud types and weak precipitation. Cloud type co-occurrence relationships explain some of the cloud-precipitation anti-correlations. Couplings between weaker rainfall and clouds are also distinct in ocean vs. land, with precipitation predictability when cloud type is known being quite poor in general, particularly over land.

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Differential Effects of Simulated Cortical Network Lesions on Synchrony and EEG Complexity

International Journal of Neural Systems ◽

10.1142/s0129065718500247 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (04) ◽

pp. 1850024 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Antonio José Ibáñez-Molina ◽

Sergio Iglesias-Parro ◽

Javier Escudero

Keyword(s):

Brain Function ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Spatial Location ◽

Sample Entropy ◽

Different Types ◽

Kuramoto Oscillators ◽

The Relationship ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽

The Brain

Brain function has been proposed to arise as a result of the coordinated activity between distributed brain areas. An important issue in the study of brain activity is the characterization of the synchrony among these areas and the resulting complexity of the system. However, the variety of ways to define and, hence, measure brain synchrony and complexity has sometimes led to inconsistent results. Here, we study the relationship between synchrony and commonly used complexity estimators of electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and we explore how simulated lesions in anatomically based cortical networks would affect key functional measures of activity. We explored this question using different types of neural network lesions while the brain dynamics was modeled with a time-delayed set of 66 Kuramoto oscillators. Each oscillator modeled a region of the cortex (node), and the connectivity and spatial location between different areas informed the creation of a network structure (edges). Each type of lesion consisted on successive lesions of nodes or edges during the simulation of the neural dynamics. For each type of lesion, we measured the synchrony among oscillators and three complexity estimators (Higuchi’s Fractal Dimension, Sample Entropy and Lempel-Ziv Complexity) of the simulated EEGs. We found a general negative correlation between EEG complexity metrics and synchrony but Sample Entropy and Lempel-Ziv showed a positive correlation with synchrony when the edges of the network were deleted. This suggests an intricate relationship between synchrony of the system and its estimated complexity. Hence, complexity seems to depend on the multiple states of interaction between the oscillators of the system. Our results can contribute to the interpretation of the functional meaning of EEG complexity.

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A Study on the Relationship between Proprietorship Concentration and Profit Management in the Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

Revista Administração em Diálogo - RAD ◽

10.20946/rad.v19i0.31992 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Soghra Ranjbarian ◽

Akbar Zavari Rezaei ◽

Asghar Azizi

Keyword(s):

Institutional Investors ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Computer Application ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Study Results ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

The presence of institutional investors may change the behaviors of companies. The impact of institutional investors on management decisions on financial affairs have been proven in other studies; yet, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between lack of information symmetry an concentration of proprietorship with profit management in the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The period under study included years 2004 to 2009. Rahavard Novin Computer application was utilized to collect the data; then they were calculated using Microsoft Excel. SPSS computer application was used to test research hypothesis and conduct other statistical analysis using statistical methods like descriptive statistics, correlation (correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination), regression analysis and testing its coefficients, correlation analysis and test of coefficients and significance of the difference between two correlation coefficients. A total of 109 active companies in the stock exchange were selected as the sample of the study. Results on the first hypothesis revealed that the relationship between concentration of proprietorship and lack of information symmetry. In case of the second hypothesis, it is predicted that there is a significant relationship between profit management with lack of information symmetry and concentration of proprietorship. According to research results, investors and analysts ought to pay attention to factors like proprietorship composition, the level of information symmetry along with the figures published by the companies when making short and long-term decisions.

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