Prevalence of ADHD in children born by mothers consuming Frankincense during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimohammad Ranjbar ◽  
Elahe Kamali Ardakani ◽  
Rahele Zareshahi
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Effect

Aims: In Iranian culture, due to some narratives from the prophet Mohammad about the use of frankincense during pregnancy for increasing IQ in children, some women consume frankincense during expectancy. This study's goal is to evaluate the relationship between frankincense used during pregnancy and the incidence of ADHD. Methods: In this study, the case group comprised children 4-17 years old referring to Shahid Chamran Pharmacy in Yazd from summer to winter 2018 for receiving Methylphenidate, those with whom a psychologist had identified ADHD based on DSM-V factors.  The control group included children of the same age group but without ADHD. For data gathering, a checklist was used with some questions on smoking, family history of ADHD, presence/absence of a specific disease during pregnancy, frankincense used during pregnancy, and a chemical medication consumed during pregnancy. Results: The main result demonstrated that the children whose mothers used frankincense during pregnancy were 0.67 times less likely to be affected by ADHD than those whose mothers did not use this substance. However, the difference failed to be statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Some studies report that frankincense can bear a positive effect on the development of the brain and possibly adequate formation of dendrites trees, axons and induce proper communication between them, so the impact of frankincense on the brain may be justified by its protective effect against the hyperactive child.

scholarly journals A Case-Control Study on the Relationship Between Cholecystectomy and Cholangiocarcinoma in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donglie Zhu ◽  
Hang Fu ◽  
Zelong Yang ◽  
Mingzuo Jiang ◽  
Yanjie Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Hepatic Hemangioma ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Aims: The present study aimed to explore the correlation between cholecystectomy and cholangiocarcinoma, and to provide preliminary clinical basis for precise cholecystectomy in China.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 9744 patients with cholangiocarcinoma, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, femoral fracture, and hepatic hemangioma diagnosed in Xijing hospital from August 2008 to August 2018. They were divided into three groups: case group (1749 cases of cholangiocarcinoma), positive control group (3137 cases of colon cancer and 1950 cases of pancreatic cancer), negative control group (1794 cases of femoral fracture and 1114 cases of hepatic hemangioma). We collected the general information (gender, age), past medical history, cholecystectomy history from the patients, and these data were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The cholecystectomy rate of the case group was significantly higher than that of the positive control group and the negative control group by chi-square test (p<0.025). The cholecystectomy rate and the history of cholecystolithiasis were analyzed by logistic multivariate regression analysis. The OR values of cholecystectomy rate were 1.553 (95%CI: 1.311-1.840) and 3.181 (95%CI: 2.561-3.951), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.000). The OR values of the history of cholecystolithiasis were 2.460 (95%CI: 2.093-2.890) and 5.426 (95%CI: 4.325-6.809), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.000). In case group, the difference between cholecystectomy and cholecystolithiasis was statistically significant (p<0.000) by chi-square test. Conclusions: In conclusion, cholecystectomy is one of the risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma and the patients who undergo cholecystectomy have a higher risk of cholangiocarcinoma than the control groups. Cholecystectomy should be conducted with caution and the precise surgical treatment of gallbladder diseases is advocated.

scholarly journals The Impact of Gender-neutral Communication on Brand Equity: A Study on Children Apparel Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Matteo Coggiola ◽  
Ivan Coste-Manière
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Neutral Type ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This work wants to analyze the impact of communication on Brand Equity, by comparing a gendered and an ungendered type of advertising relative to a brand of children apparel. The idea of this work comes from the acknowledgement that, to the current situation, there is little research on the pro/cons of the usage of a type of communication alternative to the traditional one and free of gender stereotypes, and on its objective consequences on brand dimensions. The study was conducted using a posttest-only control group design: participants were randomly assigned to two groups, control and intervention, and were presented with two different stimuli (a gendered and a gender-neutral one). Convenience sampling has been adopted for this research and an online close-ended response questionnaire was used for data gathering. A total of 152 responses were ultimately used in the study. The study challenges the argument that gender stereotypes are efficient tools to be used in communication to elicit a positive response and generate clearer brand associations in the viewer. The results showed how a gender-neutral type of communication has an overall positive effect on Brand Equity dimension, and how this result varies according to the age range of respondents, showing a substantial gap between Gen Z and elderly generations.

scholarly journals Relationship between impulsivity and suicide among the rural elderly in China: a case-control psychological autopsy study

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11801
Author(s):  
Yunfang Zhou ◽  
Zhenyu Ma ◽  
Cun-Xian Jia ◽  
Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background The relationship between impulsivity and suicide is inconsistent in different populations. Hence, the relationship between impulsivity and suicide still needs to be studied among the elderly population. The present study intends to explore the relationship between impulsivity and suicide among the rural Chinese elderly. Methods A case-control psychological autopsy study was conducted from February 1, 2014 to December 18, 2015 among rural residents over the age of 60 who died by suicide. The sample consisted of 242 suicides as the case group and 242 living individuals as the control group. Data on demographic characteristics, impulsivity, previous history of suicide attempts, social support, negative life events, and suicidal behavior were collected. Results Our study found that impulsivity increased the risk of suicide. The case group showed a higher Barratt Impulsiveness Scale score compared with the control group (p < 0.001), which indicates that impulsivity was higher among the elderly suicides. In addition, regression analyses show that impulsivity (odds ratio: 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.06) is an independent risk factor of suicide, after controlling for the effects of marital status, education, family annual income, being left behind, social support, and negative life events. Finally, compared with elderly who do not have a history of attempted suicide, elderly with a history of attempted suicide showed higher impulsivity (p = 0.001).

Non tumoral portal vein thrombosis during cirrhosis: Should anticoagulation be proposed?

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Background: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is considered as infrequent and pejorative event in cirrhosis. Up to date, many questions remain about therapeutic management. Aim: The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of the PVT on the progression of liver disease, to review the indications for anticoagulation and its repercussions. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted over a period of 12 years (2002-2013). It included 484 cases of cirrhosis. Among these patients, 41 had non tumoral portal vein thrombosis (case group). The control group included the remaining 443 patients. Results: In our study, there was no impact of PVT on the natural history of cirrhosis both in terms of complications or survival. Only the early introduction of anticoagulant therapy was associated with a re-permeabilization of portal vein at one year (OR1.6; 95% CI [1.10-2.01]). Prolonged anticoagulation was inversely correlated with recurrent PVT after treatment. However, obtaining a portal vein re-permeabilization was not correlated to a significant gain in terms of prevention of complication related to cirrhosis and survival. Conclusions: results suggest that portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis is not a formal indication for anticoagulant therapy. It should be reserved for candidates of liver transplantation, those with an extension of the PVT to mesenteric vessels or with severe prothrombotic status. Key words: portal vein thrombosis, cirrhosis, anticoagulation.

History of world Indology in modern historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-155
Author(s):  
Alexander Gordon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Indian History ◽  
The Road ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The reason for the article was «History of Indian History» by Leonid Alaev. The book poses several general theoretical questions about the importance of historiography as a «self-reflection» of historical science, the relationship between historical knowledge and historical consciousness. It focuses on the impact on the scientific process of political interests and the search for national identity, which determines the difference of individual national schools. The author of the book shows that for all the differences of the latter, the common logic of the scientific process, which is represented by the folding and evolution of Indology as a world scientific discipline, breaks through the road.

scholarly journals Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in TNFRSF11 with the Progression of Genetic Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yu Fan ◽  
Xuyu Gu ◽  
Huiwen Pan ◽  
Zhe Dai ◽  
Chen Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Objective. To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of TNFRSF11 gene rs9533156 and rs2277438 and susceptibility to gastric cancer. Methods. A case-control study was conducted to select 577 cases of primary gastric cancer and 678 cases of normal control. We extracted whole blood genomic DNA and amplified the target gene fragment by PCR. The genotyping and allele were tested through the snapshot method. Results. In this case-control study, we observed that there was a difference in the genotype distribution of TNFRSF11 gene rs9533156 between the case group and the control group. The frequency distribution of TC heterozygous mutation in the case group was higher than that in the control group. The smoking rate in the case group (34.49%) was higher than that in the control group (27.29%), and the difference in frequency distribution between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.006). Our findings suggest that TNFRSF11 rs9533156 is associated with susceptibility to GC, which is more evident among elderly patients (>62 years), nonsmokers, and patients who do not consume alcohol. The analysis of the relationship between the TNFSF11 gene rs9533156 site variant and clinical factors of gastric cancer showed that, compared with the tumor size <2 cm group, patients with tumor size ≥2 cm and whom carrying rs9533156 site mutations had a higher frequency distribution, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.022). Compared with the nonhyperglycemic group, the frequency distribution of patients with rs9533156 site mutations in the diabetes group was higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion. This study shows that there is a correlation between smoking and the occurrence of gastric cancer. Based on our research, the functional SNP TNFRSF11 TC genotype may be an indicator of individual susceptibility to GC. The mutation at rs9533156 may be related to the size of gastric cancer. The mutation rate of rs9533156 of TNFSF11 gene is higher in diabetic gastric cancer patients.

scholarly journals China’s Carbon Emissions and Trading Pilot, Political Connection, and Innovation Input of Publicly Listed Private Firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6084
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Chunquan Yu ◽  
Shixiong Cheng ◽  
Jingyi Xu ◽  
Yuzhao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Political Connection ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Taking China’s carbon emissions and trading pilot (CCETP) as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper examines the impact of CCETP on publicly listed private firms’ innovation input and the moderating effect of the firms’ political connection based on the difference-in-differences model. The results show that CCETP has a significantly positive effect on the innovation input of Chinese publicly listed private firms. Moreover, the political connection of executives exhibits a positive moderating effect on CCETP’s impact on innovation input. Meanwhile, the effect is more significant in regions with high environmental protection investment and large publicly listed private firms. The conclusions could provide some policy enlightenment for China’s carbon market, as well as a rational adjustment of the relationship between political connection and innovation input of publicly listed private firms in the future.

scholarly journals Occupation-related physical activities in osteoarthritis of the knee in female

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Mohammed Emran ◽  
Syed Mozaffar Ahmed ◽  
Md. Israt Hasan ◽  
Ali Emran
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Climbing Stairs

The aim of this study was to determine the role of occupation-related physical activities in the osteoarthritis of the knee. The study was conducted on 87 female patients from September 2016 to August 2017. The same number of healthy females of the same age group were included as a control. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, enquiring about demographic data and details of risk factors. There were statistically significant (p<0.05) changes in the occupation-related physical activities like sustained knee bending, climbing stairs (>10 flights/day), kneeling (>30 min/day), squatting (>30 min/day), in patients when compared to the control group. However, there were no significant changes in other occupation-related physical activities. Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) patients were found 29.9% in the patient and 17.2% in the control group. Patients with a positive family history of osteoarthritis of the knee were 13.8% in the case group and 3.4% in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between the two groups. In conclusion, occupation-related physical activities like sustained knee bending, climbing stairs, kneeling and squatting had a significant association with osteoarthritis of the knee in the female.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRAINE AND THE OCCURANCE OF BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO (BPPV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Keyword(s):  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Vestibular Disorder ◽  
Inconsistent Result ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Introduction: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disorder. Migren also common in general population. Several studies have shown inconsistent result for the relationship between migraine and BPPV.This study aims to determine relationship between migraine and the occurance of BPPV Methode: This case control study selected subjects with consecutive sampling techniques. Sampling was conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan and network hospital. Thirty two patients with BPPV were selected as case group and matched with thirty two patients without BPPV as control group. Migraine history was taken in medical record. This study began in March until June 2020. Result: The majority of case and control group were female with eighteen subjects (56.2%) and median age about 60.5 (27-78) years old. We found eight patients (25.0%) with history of migraine in case group and in control group four patients (12,5%) with history of migraine. There is no significance relationship in migraine and the occurance of BPPV with p= 0.33 and OR=2.33 (95% CI = 0.62-8.71) Conclusion: There is no relationship between migraine and the occurance of BPPV.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical Symptoms and Serum Lead Level in Patients with History of Oral Opium Use being Admitted to Hazrat Rasoul Akram, Firoozgar, Firoozabadi and Haft Tir Hospitals, Tehran

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Majid Rezaei Tavirani ◽  
Hazhir Heidari Beigvand
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Opiate Addicts

Introduction: Drug abuse and its complications is a socio-health problem in Middle Eastern countries such as Iran. Smugglers may add lead to drug during drug production, which is in order to increase its weight for greater benefit. Considering the frequency of the patients with various complaints among Iranians, this study was designed and conducted to evaluate the clinical symptoms and serum levels of lead in patients being admitted to Hazrat Rasoul Akram, Firoozgar, Firouzabadi and Haft Tir hospitals with any complaints. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, serum levels of lead were measured in 128 samples in case and control groups. The case group consisted of 64 patients using oral opium who being admitted to Rasoul Akram and Firoozgar, Haft Tir and Firouzabadi hospitals with different complaints in May 2017. The control group consisted of 64 patients with no history of addiction that were homogenized with the case group in terms of age and sex. They were evaluated for serum levels of lead and other variables. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean serum lead level was 76.34±17.82 in the group using opium and was 7.68±3.72 in the control group that the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). The most common complaints of patients were abdominal pain and symptoms of bowel obstruction. The mean rate of oral opium consumption was 1.73±0.23 in subjects under 50 years old and with a mean of 2.89±0.27 in subjects over 50 years old. Serum lead level was significantly (P = 0.032) increased compared to the amount consumed. Duration of oral opium consumption was 5 months to 30 years with a mean of 15.24 years, which was not significantly correlated to serum lead level (P = 0.213). Also, the hemoglobin range was significantly correlated to different levels of lead in patients consuming oral opium (P = 0.027). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed a high mean serum lead level in oral opium addicts in the study population. The results also confirm numerous reports suggesting the definitive diagnosis of lead poisoning as a justifying factor in addicted patients with nonspecific symptoms, which may indicate the need for serum lead level screening in opiate addicts to prevent more serious complications.

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