scholarly journals THE QUEST FOR RINGS ON BIPOLAR SCALES

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHEL GRABISCH ◽  
BERNARD DE BAETS ◽  
JÁNOS FODOR
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Algebraic Structure ◽  
Abelian Groups

We consider the interval ]-1, 1[ and intend to endow it with an algebraic structure like a ring. The motivation lies in decision making, where scales that are symmetric w.r.t. 0 are needed in order to represent a kind of symmetry in the behaviour of the decision maker. A former proposal due to Grabisch was based on maximum and minimum. In this paper, we propose to build our structure on t-conorms and t-norms, and we relate this construction to uninorms. We show that the only way to build a group is to use strict t-norms, and that there is no way to build a ring. Lastly, we show that the main result of this paper is connected to the theory of ordered Abelian groups.

A preliminary study of gray matter volume differences related to context-dependent and independent decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jinbo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Decision Styles ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Independent Decision

Facing the high degree of uncertainty of the environment, we have evolved two kinds of decision-making styles: context-dependent and context-independent decision. However, the underlying neural basis of these two kinds of decision styles was mostly unknown. Here, the cognitive bias task was applied to split participants into the context-independent decision-maker and context-dependent decision-maker based on the cognitive bias task scores. Then, we used voxel-based morphometry to directly investigate its underlying differences in gray matter volume. We found that the gray matter volume of the prefrontal cortex and parietal regions, such as inferior parietal lobule, was larger in context-dependent decision-makers than that of the context-independent decision-maker.

scholarly journals Cancer Patients: Their Desire for Information and Participation in Treatment Decisions

1989 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 260-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J Sutherland ◽  
H A Llewellyn-Thomas ◽  
G A Lockwood ◽  
D L Tritchler ◽  
J E Till
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Disclosure Of Information ◽  
Participation In Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Autonomy ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between cancer patients’ desire for information and their preference for participation in decision making has been examined. Approximately 77% of the 52 patients reported that they had participated in decision making to the extent that they wished, while most of the remaining 23% would have preferred an opportunity to have greater input. Although many of the patients actively sought information, a majority preferred the physician to assume the role of the primary decision maker. Ethically, the disclosure of information has been assumed to be necessary for autonomous decision making. Nevertheless, the results of this study indicate that patients may actively seek information to satisfy an as yet unidentified aspect of psychological autonomy that does not necessarily include participation in decision making.

scholarly journals VERBAL DECISION MAKING ANALYSIS

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kochin ◽  
Leonas Ustinovičius
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Mathematical Proof ◽  
Preference Elicitation ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Verbal Decision Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Approaches

The paper presents the ideology of a qualitative approach to decision making ‐ verbal decision analysis. The authors have analyzed existing quantitative approaches and pointed out their main disadvantages. They formulated the requirements for decision‐making methods taking into account these disadvantages: psychological correctness of a dialog with decision maker (DM), strict mathematical proof of the methods and checking of DM information for consistency. The authors present the results of research on psychological correctness of operations of preference elicitation from DM. Several existing verbal decision analysis methods are briefly mentioned.

scholarly journals A Woman as a Decision-Maker: Exploring the "Lived Experience" at Home and Outside

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Titus ◽  
Debashish Sengupta ◽  
Sahana Madan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Women In India ◽  
At Home

In this research paper, we look at decision-making by women in India from a contextual perspective. This study looks at decision making by women as based on four possible contexts that may arise, and where decisions are called for. These contexts are qualified based on two broad parameters, namely the level of involvement (dictated by the stakes at play) and the predisposition displayed. Involvement is qualified as high or low (on a continuum), whilst predisposition is stated as either cognitive or affective. The results of the research study reveal a difficult act of balancing that women have to do in terms of decision making at home. They need to get their decisions, whether it is about their career, or their choice of mate, about home, marriage, children ratified by their husbands or parents, women also try to ensure that such decisions do not reflect poorly on their homes. This calls for them to balance between options and often sacrifice their self-interest in the interest of their “home.”

scholarly journals Transitions in decision-making authority at the end of life: a problem of law, ethics and practice in deceased donation

2020 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106572
Author(s):  
Shih-Ning Then ◽  
Dominique E Martin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Practical Implications

Where a person is unable to make medical decisions for themselves, law and practice allows others to make decisions on their behalf. This is common at the end of a person’s life where decision-making capacity is often lost. A further, and separate, decision that is often considered at the time of death (and often preceding death) is whether the person wanted to act as an organ or tissue donor. However, in some jurisdictions, the lawful decision-maker for the donation decision (the ‘donation decision-maker’) is different from the person who was granted decision-making authority for medical decisions during the person’s life. To date, little attention has been given in the literature to the ethical concerns and practical problems that arise where this shift in legal authority occurs. Such a change in decision-making authority is particularly problematic where premortem measures are suggested to maximise the chances of a successful organ donation. This paper examines this shift in decision-making authority and discusses the legal, ethical and practical implications of such frameworks.

scholarly journals Fixation patterns in simple choice reflect optimal information sampling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Callaway ◽  
Antonio Rangel ◽  
Tom Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Information Sampling ◽  
Optimal Information

When faced with a decision between several options, people rarely fully consider every alternative. Instead, we direct our attention to the most promising candidates, focusing our limited cognitive resources on evaluating the options that we are most likely to choose. A growing body of empirical work has shown that attention plays an important role in human decision making, but it is still unclear how people choose with option to attend to at each moment in the decision making process. In this paper, we present an analysis of how a rational decision maker should allocate her attention. We cast attention allocation in decision making as a sequential sampling problem, in which the decision maker iteratively selects from which distribution to sample in order to update her beliefs about the values of the available alternatives. By approximating the optimal solution to this problem, we derive a model in which both the selection and integration of evidence are rational. This model predicts choices and reaction times, as well as sequences of visual fixations. Applying the model to a ternary-choice dataset, we find that its predictions align well with human data.

scholarly journals Support of decision-making under risk by a risk-averse decision-maker

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Łodziński
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Discrete Problem ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
State Of The Environment

The paper presents the decision support under risk by the risk averse decision maker. Decision making under risk occurs when the result of the decision is not unequivocal and depends on the state of the environment. The decision making process is modeled with the use of multi-criteria optimization. The decision is made by solving the problem with the control parameters that determine the decision maker's aspirations and the evaluation of the solutions received. The decision maker asks the parameter for which the solution is determined. Then, evaluate the solution received accepting or rejecting it. In the second case, the decision maker gives a new parameter value and the problem is solved again for the new parameter. The work includes an simple discrete problem of decision support under risk

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Media Sosial pada Usaha XYZ

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nuraini Arifianti ◽  
Nunuk Adiarni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
Content Evaluation ◽  
Marketing Messages

The social media is currently not only used for social friendship but also for business purpose.The people use line, whatshapp, instagram and facebook. Related to business goals, the content is made possible by availability of the applications to convey marketing messages to customers. This requires creative message and content creators, which work in team with decision maker and administrator. However, it’s need  to continuously manage it. This study was aimed to find out how the management of social media in XYZ businesses using descriptive qualitative. Instagram management implemented by XYZ starts from setting target customers to the content evaluation process. However, it has not comprehensively been managed unless it responds to negative comments from followers. The results of the study prove that using the social media such as Instagram in marketing requires management by planning, organizing and decision making process for creative content and followed by an evaluation and handling follower responses.

Who Should be Involved in the Selection Of Venous Access Devices?

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Cynthia Chernecky ◽  
Katherine Nugent ◽  
Jennifer L. Waller ◽  
Denise Macklin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Vascular Access Devices ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The purposes of this study were to describe who should be involved in the vascular access device (VAD) decision-making process, according to patients and caregivers, and to describe if there were differences associated with persons involved in the selection of VADs according to race and gender. Convenience sample included 32 oncology out-patients and 10 caregivers from the southern United States. There were differences by race and sex in decision-making priorities of patients with vascular access devices indwelling; however, these were not statistically significant. Patients, physicians, and oncology nurses were viewed by both patients and caregivers as significant to the decision-making process. In contrast, caregivers were ranked as the least significant by both patients and caregivers. Females chose the physician as the primary decision-maker while males chose the patient as the primary decision-maker.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document