INFLUENCE OF INTERFACIAL LAYER THICKNESS AND SUBSTRATE ROUGHNESS ON ADHESION OF TiN COATINGS DEPOSITED AT LOW TEMPERATURES BY IBAD

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAMIR KAKAS ◽  
PAL TEREK ◽  
LAZAR KOVACEVIC ◽  
ALEKSANDAR MILETIC ◽  
BRANKO SKORIC
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Substrate Roughness ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Carburized Steel ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
The One

Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) was applied to produce TiN coatings on carburized steel substrates. Low deposition temperatures (~50°C) were applied to prevent distortion and softening of previously heat-treated substrates. Mechanical properties of all studied coatings are comparable to those obtained at usually used high temperatures. In order to improve adhesion between TiN coating and substrate, an interfacial layer was prepared by ion beam mixing of Ti atoms and steel substrate. The adhesion strength evaluation revealed significant improvement compared to the coatings produced without the ion beam mixed interfacial layer. Adhesion increased with increase in thickness of the interfacial layer. Substrate roughness was varied systematically in order to determine its influence on adhesion strength. The research was conducted for a rarely studied domain of low roughness (Average roughness Ra below 50 nm). The results of scratch tests revealed improvement of adhesion with increase in substrate roughness. This adhesion trend is different from the one reported by other authors who used rougher substrates. Two groups of opposing mechanisms acting during adhesion testing were identified. It appears that there exists an optimum roughness below which adhesion strength increases, and above which it decreases with the increase in substrate roughness. Accordingly, applying an expensive surface finish does not have to be a guarantee for achieving the appropriate adhesion of TiN coatings deposited at low temperatures.

Effect of Electrolytic/Chemical Pretreatment on Adhesion Strength of DLC Coatings on 304 Stainless Steel Substrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Jin ◽  
Chao Yin Nie ◽  
Chun Hua Ran ◽  
Wen Zhu ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel Substrate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

To improve adhesion strength of DLC coatings on 304 stainless steel substrate,we studied substrate pretreatment by electrolytic/chemical etching methods.In this study,The DLC coatings were deposited on two groups of 304 stainless steel which had been electrolytically and chemically etched separately. The morphology of the coatings and substrate were characterized by SEM and metalloscope. The surface roughness of substrate was measured by roughness tester .The result shows that adhesion strength of DLC coatings on 304 stainless steel substrate is improved obviously due to mechanical interlock,surface adsorption and stress release.With prolonging the etching time,the adhesion strength of DLC coatings on the chemically etched substrate increase firstly and then decrease. The adhesion strength of DLC coatings on electrolytically etched substrate continuously increase. DLC coatings on electrolytically etched substrate perform better than the one on chemically etched substrate in adhesion.This is caused by the different surface morphology.

Microstructural response of TiN monolithic and multilayer coatings during microscratch testing

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 2312-2318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.H. Xie ◽  
M. Hoffman ◽  
P. Munroe ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
A. Bendavid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Multilayered Structure ◽  
Multilayered Structures ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tangential Forces ◽  
Steel Substrates

Monolithic TiN and multilayered structures of TiN films that alternate with thin Ti interlayers were coated by filtered arc deposition onto a stainless steel substrate. Microscratch tests with a diamond indenter of 5-μm radius were carried out in combination with focused ion beam (FIB) sectioning and scanning and transmission electron microscopy to explore the controlling deformation mechanisms of these TiN coatings in relation to their microstructural design. It was found that for the monolithic TiN coating, columnar TiN grains slid against each other under normal forces and, at the same time, tilted under tangential forces. For the TiN multilayers, however, intercolumnar shear sliding was suppressed considerably by the multilayered structure and the interlayers, and grain tilting occurred largely within the upper TiN layer, presumably due to the shear effect of the soft Ti interlayers. With further increases in tangential force, rupture of TiN grains was observed within both types of coatings; for the TiN multilayers, rupture of TiN grains occurred predominantly within the layers close to the steel substrates. It can be concluded that the application of TiN multilayers provides better resistance to contact damage than the traditional monolithic TiN coatings did.

scholarly journals Microstructural Investigations of Low Temperature Joining of Q&P Steels Using Ag Nanoparticles in Combination with Sn and SnAg as Activating Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Hausner ◽  
Martin Wagner ◽  
Guntram Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
The One ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Heat Treatment Step ◽  
Strength And Ductility

Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steels show a good balance between strength and ductility due to a special heat treatment that allows to adjust a microstructure of martensite with a fraction of stabilized retained austenite. The final heat treatment step is performed at low temperatures. Therefore, joining of Q&P steels is a big challenge. On the one hand, a low joining temperature is necessary in order not to influence the adjusted microstructure; on the other hand, high joint strengths are required. In this study, joining of Q&P steels with Ag nanoparticles is investigated. Due to the nano-effect, high-strength and temperature-resistant joints can be produced at low temperatures with nanoparticles, which meets the contradictory requirements for joining of Q&P steels. In addition to the Ag nanoparticles, activating materials (SnAg and Sn) are used at the interface to achieve an improved bonding to the steel substrate. The results show that the activating materials play an important role in the successful formation of joints. Only with the activating materials, can joints be produced. Due to the low joining temperature (max. 237 °C), the microstructure of the Q&P steel is hardly influenced.

ENHANCING ADHESION STRENGTH AND WEAR PERFORMANCE OF ALCRN COATING ON COOL-WORK TOOL STEEL THROUGH INTRODUCING CRNX ADHESION LAYER

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150079
Author(s):  
HUI XIAO ◽  
XIANNA MENG ◽  
BINGYUE NIE ◽  
HAIYAN KANG ◽  
CONG LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Nitrogen Pressure ◽  
Adhesion Layer ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Support Resistance ◽  
The One

Hard thin coating directly deposited on soft steel substrate often suffers low adhesion strength and load-bearing capacity. In this work, CrN[Formula: see text]-type adhesion layers (ALs) were introduced between hard AlCrN coating and soft cool-work tool steel substrate to enhance the adhesion strength and wear performance. The microstructure of CrN[Formula: see text] ALs prepared with different nitrogen pressure and its influence on adhesion strength and tribological properties were investigated. The results show that with the nitrogen pressure increase from 0.5 Pa to 3.0 Pa, the phase transformation sequences occurring in ALs are: Cr + Cr2N [Formula: see text] Cr2N + CrN [Formula: see text] CrN. The adhesion strength increases with the increase of nitrogen pressure due to the formation of CrN which provides better load support resistance than the fragile Cr2N and soft Cr. In addition, the adhesion strength of the samples with ALs is always higher than that of the one without ALs. The improvement of adhesion strength for samples with CrN[Formula: see text]-type ALs is beneficial for improving wear resistance, especially at high wearing loads.

scholarly journals On the measurement of the ratio of the specific heats using small volumes of gas.—The ratios of the specific heat of air and of hydrogen at atmospheric pressure and a temperatures between 20°C. and —183°C

1925 ◽  
Vol 107 (743) ◽  
pp. 510-543 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Error ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Expansion Chamber ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Large Expansion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
Chamber Capacity

Introduction .—In nearly all the previous determinations of the ratio of the specific heats of gases, from measurements of the pressures and temperature before and after an adiabatic expansion, large expansion chambers of fror 50 to 130 litres capacity have been used. Professor Callendar first suggests the use of smaller vessels, and in 1914, Mercer (‘Proc. Phys. Soc.,’ vol. 26 p. 155) made some measurements with several gases, but at room temperature only, using volumes of about 300 and 2000 c. c. respectively. He obtained values which indicated that small vessels could be used, and that, with proper corrections, a considerable degree of accuracy might be obtained. The one other experimenter who has used a small expansion chamber, capacity about 1 litre, is M. C. Shields (‘Phys. Rev.,’ 1917), who measured this ratio for air and for hydrogen at room temperature, about 18° C., and its value for hydroger at — 190° C. The chief advantage gained by the use of large expansion chambers is that no correction, or at the most, a very small one, has to be made for any systematic error due to the size of the containing vessels, but it is clear that, in the determinations of the ratio of the specific heats of gases at low temperatures, the use of small vessels becomes a practical necessity in order that uniform and steady temperature conditions may be obtained. Owing, however, to the presence of a systematic error depending upon the dimensions of the expansion chamber, the magnitude of which had not been definitely settled by experiment, the following work was undertaken with the object of investigating the method more fully, especially with regard to it? applicability to the determination of this ratio at low temperatures.

Comparison of Focused Ion Beam and Conventional Techniques on Tem Specimen Preparation of Metal-Ceramic Interfaces

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 860-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ramirez de Arellano López ◽  
W.-A. Chiou ◽  
K. T. Faber
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ceramic Coating ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Inhomogeneous Materials ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Basic Industry ◽  
Coated Surface

The results of TEM analyses of materials are critically dependent on the quality of the sample prepared. Although numerous techniques have been developed in the last two decades, differential thinning of inhomogeneous materials remains a serious problem. Recently, focused ion beam (FIB) technique has been introduced for cross-sectional sample preparation for TEM and SEM.A novel system for depositing a fine-grain (∼ 200 nm) ceramic coating on a metal surface via a patent pending Small-Particle Plasma Spray (SPPS) technique has been developed at the Basic Industry Research Laboratory of Northwestern University. To understand the properties of the coated surface, the ceramic/metal interface and the microstructure of the ceramic coating must be investigated. This paper presents a comparison of the microstructure of an A12O3 coating on a mild steel substrate prepared using conventional and FEB techniques.

Evaluation of the Effects of Copper Electroplating Parameters on the Adhesion Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farag I. Haider ◽  
Suryanto ◽  
Mohd Hanafi Ani ◽  
M.H. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel Substrate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Copper Electroplating ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for the experiment design of CuSO4 and H2SO4 concentrations and current densities. RSM was also used to evaluate the significance of each parameter and its interaction on the adhesion strength of austenitic stainless steel substrate. Adhesion strength was investigated by a Teer ST-30 tester, and the structure of the samples investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that increasing the concentration of CuSO4 and decreasing theat of H2SO4 strengthens adhesion. Conversely, the current density only has a slight effect.

AFM Study of Surface Morphology of Aluminum Nitride Thin Films

1995 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Watanabe ◽  
Yoshikazu Nakamura ◽  
Shigekazu Hirayama ◽  
Yuusaku Naota
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Silicon Single Crystal ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Average Roughness

AbstractAluminum nitride (AlN) thin films have been synthesized by ion-beam assisted deposition method. Film deposition has been performed on the substrates of silicon single crystal, soda-lime glass and alumin A. the influence of the substrate roughness on the film roughness is studied. the substrate temperature has been kept at room temperature and 473K and the kinetic energy of the incident nitrogen ion beam and the deposition rate have been fixed to 0.5 keV and 0.07 nm/s, respectively. the microstructure of the synthesized films has been examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the surface morphology has been observed by atomic force microscopy(AFM). IN the XRD patterns of films synthesized at both room temperature and 473K, the diffraction line indicating the alN (10*0) can be discerned and the broad peak composed of two lines indicating the a1N (00*2) and a1N (10*1) planes is also observed. aFM observations for 100 nm films reveal that (1) the surface of the films synthesized on the silicon single crystal and soda-lime glass substrates is uniform and smooth on the nanometer scale, (2) the average roughness of the films synthesized on the alumina substrate is similar to that of the substrate, suggesting the evaluation of the average roughness of the film itself is difficult in the case of the rough substrate, and (3) the average roughness increases with increasing the substrate temperature.

scholarly journals Parametric study of hyperfine structure of Zr II even-parity levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1310-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safa Bouazza
Keyword(s):  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Laser Fluorescence ◽  
Beam Laser ◽  
Extended Space ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The One ◽  
Fast Ion ◽  
Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Until now experimental hyperfine structure (hfs) data of 12 even-parity Zr II levels were given in the literature. Recently new hyperfine splitting measurements of 11 other Zr II levels, of the same parity are achieved, applying fast-ion-beam laser-fluorescence spectroscopy. The hfs of these 23 gathered levels has been analysed by simultaneous parametrisation of the one- and two-body interactions, first in model space (4d + 5s)3 and secondly in extended space. For the three lowest configurations, radial parameters of the magnetic dipole A and quadrupole electric B factors are deduced in their entirety for 91Zr II, compared and discussed with calculated values, available in the literature, and also with ours, computed by means of the ab initio method. For instance we give the main experimental values of the extracted single-electron hfs parameters of 4d25s: [Formula: see text] = –2701 MHz, [Formula: see text] = –122.4 MHz, and [Formula: see text] = –113.5 MHz.

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