ENHANCING ADHESION STRENGTH AND WEAR PERFORMANCE OF ALCRN COATING ON COOL-WORK TOOL STEEL THROUGH INTRODUCING CRNX ADHESION LAYER

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150079
Author(s):  
HUI XIAO ◽  
XIANNA MENG ◽  
BINGYUE NIE ◽  
HAIYAN KANG ◽  
CONG LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Nitrogen Pressure ◽  
Adhesion Layer ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Support Resistance ◽  
The One

Hard thin coating directly deposited on soft steel substrate often suffers low adhesion strength and load-bearing capacity. In this work, CrN[Formula: see text]-type adhesion layers (ALs) were introduced between hard AlCrN coating and soft cool-work tool steel substrate to enhance the adhesion strength and wear performance. The microstructure of CrN[Formula: see text] ALs prepared with different nitrogen pressure and its influence on adhesion strength and tribological properties were investigated. The results show that with the nitrogen pressure increase from 0.5 Pa to 3.0 Pa, the phase transformation sequences occurring in ALs are: Cr + Cr2N [Formula: see text] Cr2N + CrN [Formula: see text] CrN. The adhesion strength increases with the increase of nitrogen pressure due to the formation of CrN which provides better load support resistance than the fragile Cr2N and soft Cr. In addition, the adhesion strength of the samples with ALs is always higher than that of the one without ALs. The improvement of adhesion strength for samples with CrN[Formula: see text]-type ALs is beneficial for improving wear resistance, especially at high wearing loads.

Effect of Electrolytic/Chemical Pretreatment on Adhesion Strength of DLC Coatings on 304 Stainless Steel Substrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Jin ◽  
Chao Yin Nie ◽  
Chun Hua Ran ◽  
Wen Zhu ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel Substrate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

To improve adhesion strength of DLC coatings on 304 stainless steel substrate,we studied substrate pretreatment by electrolytic/chemical etching methods.In this study,The DLC coatings were deposited on two groups of 304 stainless steel which had been electrolytically and chemically etched separately. The morphology of the coatings and substrate were characterized by SEM and metalloscope. The surface roughness of substrate was measured by roughness tester .The result shows that adhesion strength of DLC coatings on 304 stainless steel substrate is improved obviously due to mechanical interlock,surface adsorption and stress release.With prolonging the etching time,the adhesion strength of DLC coatings on the chemically etched substrate increase firstly and then decrease. The adhesion strength of DLC coatings on electrolytically etched substrate continuously increase. DLC coatings on electrolytically etched substrate perform better than the one on chemically etched substrate in adhesion.This is caused by the different surface morphology.

Effect of Substrate Heat Treatment on Wear Behavior of Fe- and Ni-Based Hardfacings

2016 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Katsich ◽  
Reinhard Polak
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Abrasion Test ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Tempered Steel

In different fields of high abrasive processes, e.g. in agriculture and mining industry, components made of tempering steel are additionally protected with a wear resistant alloy on high loaded sections. An industrial standard process flow includes heat treatment of components after hardfacing process. However, the exact effect of heat treatment procedure on wear performance of hardfacings is still mostly unknown.The main aim of this study was to determine the influence of substrate heat treatment on iron and nickel based hardfacings under two and three-body conditions. Commonly used wear resistant tempered steel was used as substrate material. Heat treatment investigations were performed on two Fe-based tool steel alloys (M2 and FeVCrC) and a Ni-based alloy reinforced with WC/W2C (Ni-FTC) deposited by plasma transferred arc technology (PTA), respectively. After hardfacing a heat treatment optimized for tempered steel substrate was performed on hardfaced samples.Microstructure investigations were done by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and hardness measurements. Additionally wear behavior was estimated by dry-sand rubber-wheel test (three-body abrasion) and continuous impact abrasion test (two-body abrasion).Results showed significant influence of heat treatment, due to microstructural changes, on wear performance under 3-body conditions of Fe-based tool steels. This effect was not as pronounced in Ni-based alloy than in types of tool steel. Interestingly, in both M2 tool steel and Ni-based systems heat treatment led to decrease 2-body wear resistance. However, heat treated V-rich tool steel type showed good wear performance in continuous impact abrasion test. Composed wear map, based on this study, shows critical changes in general wear performance for investigated hardfacings.

INFLUENCE OF INTERFACIAL LAYER THICKNESS AND SUBSTRATE ROUGHNESS ON ADHESION OF TiN COATINGS DEPOSITED AT LOW TEMPERATURES BY IBAD

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAMIR KAKAS ◽  
PAL TEREK ◽  
LAZAR KOVACEVIC ◽  
ALEKSANDAR MILETIC ◽  
BRANKO SKORIC
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Substrate Roughness ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Carburized Steel ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
The One

Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) was applied to produce TiN coatings on carburized steel substrates. Low deposition temperatures (~50°C) were applied to prevent distortion and softening of previously heat-treated substrates. Mechanical properties of all studied coatings are comparable to those obtained at usually used high temperatures. In order to improve adhesion between TiN coating and substrate, an interfacial layer was prepared by ion beam mixing of Ti atoms and steel substrate. The adhesion strength evaluation revealed significant improvement compared to the coatings produced without the ion beam mixed interfacial layer. Adhesion increased with increase in thickness of the interfacial layer. Substrate roughness was varied systematically in order to determine its influence on adhesion strength. The research was conducted for a rarely studied domain of low roughness (Average roughness Ra below 50 nm). The results of scratch tests revealed improvement of adhesion with increase in substrate roughness. This adhesion trend is different from the one reported by other authors who used rougher substrates. Two groups of opposing mechanisms acting during adhesion testing were identified. It appears that there exists an optimum roughness below which adhesion strength increases, and above which it decreases with the increase in substrate roughness. Accordingly, applying an expensive surface finish does not have to be a guarantee for achieving the appropriate adhesion of TiN coatings deposited at low temperatures.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Cr-B Coatings Produced on Vanadis® 6 Tool Steel Using Laser Processing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Aneta Bartkowska
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Laser Beam Power ◽  
High Microhardness ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a study of the microstructure, chemical composition, microhardness and corrosion resistance of Cr-B coatings produced on Vanadis 6 tool steel. In this study, chromium and boron were added to the steel surface using a laser alloying process. The main purpose of the study was to determine the impact of those chemical elements on surface properties. Chromium and boron as well as their mixtures were prepared in various proportions and then were applied on steel substrate in the form of precoat of 100 µm thickness. Depending on the type of precoat used and laser processing parameters, changes in microstructure and properties were observed. Coatings produced using precoat containing chromium and boron mixture were characterized by high microhardness (900 HV0.05–1300 HV0.005) while maintaining good corrosion resistance. It was also found that too low laser beam power contributed to the formation of cracks and porosity.

Evaluation of the Effects of Copper Electroplating Parameters on the Adhesion Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farag I. Haider ◽  
Suryanto ◽  
Mohd Hanafi Ani ◽  
M.H. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel Substrate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Copper Electroplating ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for the experiment design of CuSO4 and H2SO4 concentrations and current densities. RSM was also used to evaluate the significance of each parameter and its interaction on the adhesion strength of austenitic stainless steel substrate. Adhesion strength was investigated by a Teer ST-30 tester, and the structure of the samples investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that increasing the concentration of CuSO4 and decreasing theat of H2SO4 strengthens adhesion. Conversely, the current density only has a slight effect.

scholarly journals Production of lactic acid from cellulose using solid catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 07006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujitra Doungsri ◽  
P. Rattanaphanee ◽  
Aatichat Wongkoblap
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen Pressure ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
The One

Lactic acid (LA), one of the important biomass derived platform chemicals, has been used in food and chemical industries, especially in biodegradable polymer as polylactic acid (PLA). The aim of this work is to study the one-pot production of LA from cellulose by using different solid catalysts. The reaction was conducted in a high pressure batch reactor and the catalyst used in this study were ZrO2 and Al2O3. The reaction was carried out at temperature of 200oC for 6 hr. and under nitrogen pressure of 1 MP. It was found that the production yield of LA were 8.02% and 6.63%, when the ZrO2 and Al2O3 catalysts were used respectively. The result indicated that the ZrO2 may effect on the LA production because of the acid and base sites of the ZrO2. Therefore, the reaction pathways for conversion of cellulose into lactic acid have been investigated, and developed the new conditions to achieve the higher yield.

scholarly journals Tribological Behaviour of K340 Steel PVD Coated with CrAlSiN Versus Popular Tool Steel Grades

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Drozd ◽  
Mariusz Walczak ◽  
Mirosław Szala ◽  
Kamil Gancarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Wear Factor ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Steel Grades

The tribological performance of metalwork steel tools is of vital importance in both cold and hot working processes. One solution for improving metal tool life is the application of coatings. This paper investigates the effect of CrAlSiN thin-film PVD-deposition on the tribological behaviour of tool steel K340. The sliding wear performance of the coated K340 steel is analysed in relation to both the uncoated K340 steel and a range of tool steels dedicated to hot- and cold-working, such as X155CrVMo12-1, X37CrMoV5-1, X40CrMoV5-1, 40CrMnMo7 and 90MnCrV8. The investigated tool steels were heat-treated, while K340 was subjected to thermochemical treatment and then coated with a CrAlSiN hard film (K340/CrAlSiN). The hardness, chemical composition, phase structure and microstructure of steels K340 and K340/CrAlSiN are examined. Tribological tests were conducted using the ball-on-disc tester in compliance with the ASTM G99 standard. The tests were performed under dry unidirectional sliding conditions, using an Al2O3 ball as a counterbody. The wear factor and coefficient of friction are estimated and analysed with respect to hardness and alloying composition of the materials under study. SEM observations are made to identify the sliding wear mechanisms of the analysed tool steels and PVD-coated K340 steel. In contrast to the harsh abrasive-adhesive wear mechanism observed for uncoated tool steels, the abrasive wear dominates in case of the AlCrSiN. The deposited thin film effectively prevents the K304 substrate from harsh wear severe degradation. Moreover, thanks to the deposited coating, the K304/CrAlSiN sample has a COF of 0.529 and a wear factor of K=5.68×10−7 m3 N−1 m−1, while the COF of the reference tool steels ranges from 0.702 to 0.885 and their wear factor ranges from 1.68×10−5 m3 N−1 m−1 to 3.67×10−5 m3 N−1 m−1. The CrAlSiN deposition reduces the wear of the K340 steel and improves its sliding properties, which makes it a promising method for prolonging the service life of metalwork tools.

Observation of a radical intermediate in the one electron oxidation of 5-methyl-1-thia-5-azacyclooctane by •Br2−

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1874-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Kenneth Musker ◽  
Parminder S. Surdhar ◽  
Rizwan Ahmad ◽  
David A. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Cation Radical ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Radical Intermediate ◽  
Text Type ◽  
First Order ◽  
The One

The one electron oxidant •Br2− reacts with 5-methyl-1-thia-5-azacyclooctane (4) in aqueous solution at high pH with an overall rate constant of ~2 × 108 M s−1. The radical intermediate produced has a broad maximum at 500 nm with ε = 2400 M−1 cm−1 and at pH 10 decays with a first order rate constant of 2.3 ± 0.3 × 104 s−1, first half-life of 30 ± 5 μs. Its characteristics do not correspond to those of the [Formula: see text] species reported by Asmus and co-workers. The species appears to be the same as the cation radical reported earlier in the one electron oxidation of 4 in acetonitrile. This species is considered to have an [Formula: see text] type structure, which provides transannular stabilization.

Wear performance of different PVD coatings during hard wet end milling of H13 tool steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Beake ◽  
Li Ning ◽  
Ch. Gey ◽  
S.C. Veldhuis ◽  
A.B. Kornberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Pvd Coatings ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
H13 Tool Steel

Microstructure and Properties of Fe/Al2O3 Gradient Coatings on Steel Substrate

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1325-1329
Author(s):  
Jian Fei Liu ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Yin Sen Ding ◽  
Guo Pu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
Gradient Coatings ◽  
Α Al2o3

The composites of Fe/Al2O3 gradient coatings on steel substrate were prepared by spraying and sol-gel method, and the microstructure and performances of the composites were analyzed. The results show that the adhesion strength of Fe/Al2O3 gradient coatings with FeAlNi transitional layers reaches 25.3MPa when the sintering temperature is 1220°C, and the surface hardness of coatings is four times higher than that of steel substrate. The coatings are mainly composed of α-Al2O3, AlFeO3 and NiFe2O4. There is no obvious hole or macro-interface, while some organization similar to the branch appears in the coatings. The bonding of Fe/Al2O3 gradient coatings and steel substrate mainly depends on adsorption, diffusion and chemical combination.

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