IDENTIFICATION OF ABNORMAL PHASE AND ITS FORMATION MECHANISM IN SYNTHESIZING CHALCOGENIDE FILMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550081 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEGAO LIU ◽  
NIANJING JI ◽  
YONG XU ◽  
HONG LIU
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Photoelectric Conversion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Chalcogenide Films

Chalcogenide films can be used in thin-film solar cells due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiencies. It was difficult to identify one abnormal phase with high X-ray diffraction (XRD) intensity and preferred orientation in the samples for preparing chalcogenide films by spin-coating and co-reduction on soda-lime glass ([Formula: see text]) substrates. The raw materials and reductant are metal chlorides and hydrazine hydrate respectively. In order to identify this phase, a series of experiments were done under different conditions. The phases of obtained products were analyzed by XRD and the size and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). From the experimental results, first it was proved that the abnormal phase was water-soluble by water immersion experiment, then it was identified as NaCl crystal through XRD, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and SEM. The cubic NaCl crystals have high crystallinity with size lengths of about 0.5–2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and show a [Formula: see text]100[Formula: see text] preferred orientation. The reaction mechanism of NaCl crystal was proposed as follows: The NaCl crystal was formed by reaction of Na2O and HCl in a certain experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Revealing the nanoparticles aspect ratio in the glass-metal nanocomposites irradiated with femtosecond laser

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chervinskii ◽  
R. Drevinskas ◽  
D. V. Karpov ◽  
M. Beresna ◽  
A. A. Lipovskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Laser Fluence ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Prolate Spheroid ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Glass Metal

Abstract We studied a femtosecond laser shaping of silver nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime glass. Comparing experimental absorption spectra with the modeling based on Maxwell Garnett approximation modified for spheroidal inclusions, we obtained the mean aspect ratio of the re-shaped silver nanoparticles as a function of the laser fluence. We demonstrated that under our experimental conditions the spherical shape of silver nanoparticles changed to a prolate spheroid with the aspect ratio as high as 3.5 at the laser fluence of 0.6 J/cm2. The developed approach can be employed to control the anisotropy of the glass-metal composites.

A Practical Procedure for Measuring Contact Angles in Wettability Studies by the Sessile Drop Method

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (57-58) ◽  
pp. 3143-3152
Author(s):  
J. López-Cuevas ◽  
M.I. Pech-Canul ◽  
J.L. Rodríguez-Galicia ◽  
J.C. Rendón-Angeles
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Drop ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Reactive Systems ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Sessile Drop Method ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Drop Method

ABSTRACTAn old procedure used to carry out a graphical derivation of curves, which is based on the optical properties of plane mirrors, has been adapted for the measurement of the contact angle (θ) formed between a liquid drop and a flat solid substrate in wettability experiments carried out by the so-called “sessile drop” method. The method was tested for mercury on soda-lime glass at room temperature in air as well as for Cusil (Ag-28wt.%Cu) and Incusil-ABA (Ag-27wt.%Cu-12wt.%In-2wt.%Ti) brazing alloys on pressureless-sintered silicon carbide (PLS-SiC) at 850 °C, under a vacuum of 10-4/10-5 Torr. The proposed method is fast, simple and accurate enough from high (∼140°) to relatively low (∼10°) contact angles. Although the proposed method has been tested for metal-ceramic systems, it is of general application, so that it would be useful for any liquid-solid system. The method is applicable for any temperature, pressure and atmospheric experimental conditions employed, as well as for any chemical composition of liquid and solid. It is also useful for both low and high contact angles, as well as for reactive and non-reactive systems, as long as a photograph of a liquid drop resting on a flat solid surface is available for the studied system.

Stress Induced Extended Ranges for Hydration and Other Phenomena in Ion Implanted Silica Glasses

1996 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Arnold ◽  
G. Battaglin
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Silica Glasses ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
Ion Implanted

AbstractThe extended ranges (2–3 times theoretical) for hydration from an ambient atmosphere or water immersion and other anomalous ranges for property changes in ion-implanted fused silica are explained on the basis of a stress corrosion model (Michalske-Bunker). The results for the hydration of implanted soda-lime glass are similar to fused silica with the added feature of compositional modification due to the near-surface removal of alkali.

Study of Melting Ability of Granulated Glass Batch

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 272-275
Author(s):  
Kanit Tapasa ◽  
Ekarat Meechoowas ◽  
Suwannee Thepbutdee ◽  
Amorntep Montreeuppathumb
Keyword(s):  
Glass Furnace ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Batch ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Preheating Temperature

In the conventional soda-lime glass production, loose raw materials are normally mixed into a glass batch for melting. Dusting and segregation of the loose glass batch are always occurred during the melting process inside the glass furnace. Also, the loose glass batch has low thermal conductivity which limits the glass melting ability and pulling rate of the glass furnace. Granulation and preheating of glass raw materials have been proposed to solve the problems. In this study, the granulated soda-lime glass batch (SiO2 50% Na2CO3 22.5% CaCO3 12% NaAlSi3O8 9.5% BaCO3 2.5% ZnO 1.75% Sb2O3 1% and K2CO3 0.75% by weight) was prepared to study the melting ability in an electric furnace. The granulated batch was also preheated at 500-600°C before melting. The preheating temperature was matched to the temperature of flue gas at the bottom of the stack in the glass furnace. The purpose behind this was aiming to recover the waste heat from the furnace. The experiment exhibited the increased melting ability for the granulated-preheated glass batch

Alternative Soda-Lime Glass Batch to Reduce Energy Consumption

2013 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekarat Meechoowas ◽  
Kanit Tapasa ◽  
Tepiwan Jitwatcharakomol
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Batch ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature

Soda-lime glass is produced by melting sand (SiO2), soda ash (Na2CO3), lime stone (CaCO3) together with effective additives such as dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and an important structural modification, alumina (Al2O3) in which the melting temperature is very high around 1500°C. With this reason, to dissolve alumina, high amount of energy is needed. Consequently, one of possibilities to reduce the melting energy is replacing alumina by the raw material with a lower enthalpy of melting. The heat required for melting the batch of raw materials from atmosphere temperature to melting temperature is called exploited heat (Hex), which can be calculated from chemical enthalpy (H°chem) and heat content (Hmelt) at reference temperature (Tex). From thermodynamic approach, chemical enthalpy of alumina is higher than feldspar (KAlSiO3) or pyrophyllite (Al2Si4O10(OH)2). For the glass batch with alumina, the calculated exploited heat is 540 kWh/ton while the batch with feldspar or pyrophyllite is lower, namely 534 and 484 kWh/ton, respectively. This means that the melting process can be emerged easier than the batch with alumina because the melting point of feldspar is around 1200°C and pyrophyllite dehydroxylates around 900°C. The kinetic properties of batch melting were investigated by Batch-Free Time method, which defines the melting ability of the modified batch. According to thermodynamic calculation, it was found that both alternative batches were melted easier. The study showed that feldspar or pyrophyllite could be used instead of alumina without significant changes in glass chemical composition and physical properties. The concern of using feldspar or pyrophyllite is the quantity of minor impurities which affect to the color appearance especially in clear glass products.

Synthesis of MgO Thin Film Deposited on Soda Lime Glass by Sol-Gel Process

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Dae Yong Shin ◽  
Kyung Nam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Dissipation Factor ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Sol Gel Process

MgO thin film was deposited on soda lime glass substrate by sol-gel process. MgO thin film with the (200) preferred orientation were prepared by heat-treated at 300~500°C for 10 min. The crystallization, microstructure and electrical properties with various parameters of MgO thin films were investigated. Consequently, it was shows that the (200) preferred orientation of MgO thin film could be obtained as the heating temperature was increased. At heating temperature of 500°C, MgO thin film was composed of columnar crystals with a size of 120 nm. The dielectric constant of the (200) preferred orientation of MgO thin film at 1 kHz without the electric field was 7.2, with a dissipation factor of 4%. When the electric field was increased, the dielectric constant approaches to 7.9 with the dissipation factor of 2.1%. The refractive index of MgO thin film depended on the film thickness. The refractive index of 250 nm thickness was 1.70.

scholarly journals Characterization of TiO2 films obtained by a wet chemical process

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Sedik ◽  
Ana M. Ferraria ◽  
Ana P. Carapeto ◽  
Bouzid Bellal ◽  
Mohamed Trari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wet Chemical

AbstractTiO2has an easily tunable bandgap and a great absorption dye ability being widely used in many fields and in a number of fascinating applications. In this study, a wet chemical route, particularly a sol gel method using spin-coating is adopted to deposit TiO2thin films onto soda lime glass and silicon substrates. TiO2films were prepared by using an alcoholic solution of analytical reagent grade TiCl4as titanium precursor at various experimental conditions. The accent was put on the conditions of preparation (spin time, spin speed, precursor concentration, number of coating layersetc), doping and on the post-deposit treatment namely the drying and the crystallization. The results showed a strong dependence on the drying temperature and on the temperature and duration of the crystallization. We found that the solution preparation and its color are important for getting a reproducible final product. The Raman spectra recorded at room temperature, showed the characteristic peaks of anatase which appear at 143 and around 396 cm−1. These peaks confirm the presence of TiO2.The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the crystalline characteristic of TiO2while the chemical states and relative amounts of the main elements existing in the samples were investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology of the samples was visualized by AFM. We show by this work the feasibility to obtain different nanostructured TiO2by changing the concentration of the solution. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2films was evaluated. Rhodamine B is a recalcitrant dye and TiO2was successfully tested for its oxidation. An abatement of 60% was obtained under sunlight for an initial concentration of 10 mg/l.

Increasing the Melting Ability of Glass Batch by Batch Modification

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekarat Meechoowas ◽  
Konnika Tui-Ai ◽  
Kanit Tapasa ◽  
Usuma Naknikham ◽  
Tepiwan Jitwatcharakomol
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Hydroxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Batch ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Lower Melting

The soda-lime glass with the composition of 74SiO2-18Na2O-6CaO-B2O3-Al2O3 thermodynamically requires the exploited heat of 557 kW/ ton of glass to transform raw materials into glass. The objective of this project is to modify the soda-lime glass batch by using wollastonite instead of limestone and pyrophyllite instead of aluminium hydroxide. The exploited heat of the batch with wollastonite is reduced to 546 kW/ton of glass while the batch with wollastonite and pyrophyllite is decreased to 550 kW/ton of glass. According to Batch-Free Time testing, it is found that the melting ability of both modified batches is higher than of the original batch, while the properties of glass are slightly changed. This implies that the modified batch requires a lower melting energy than the original batch.

scholarly journals Removal of Cesium from Radioactive Waste Liquids Using Geomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8407
Author(s):  
Haixin Zhang ◽  
Mingze Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyu Du ◽  
Sihan Feng ◽  
Naoto Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pore Size Analysis ◽  
Contaminated Waste

In this study, we investigated the removal of Cs from aqueous solutions using geomaterials. Adsorption was chosen as an effective method to develop for the removal of Cs from radioactive waste liquids. Geomaterials, including fly ash and slag as raw materials, were prepared as adsorbents using an alkali activator. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD); scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS); and BET surface area, pore volume, and pore size analysis. The effects of various parameters, such as pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of the Cs were studied. The partition coefficient (PC) as well as the adsorption capacity were evaluated to assess the true performance of the adsorbent in this work. The fly ash-based geomaterials showed a maximum Cs adsorption capacity of 89.32 mg·g−1 and a high PC of 31.02 mg·g−1·mM−1 for the Cs under our experimental conditions. From this work, this method can be regarded being practical for use as a potential adsorbent for treating Cs in wastewater. Furthermore, the immobilization of Cs in geomaterials was explored from a chemical perspective. In conclusion, fly ash-based geomaterials may be a promising option for the treatment and disposal of nuclear-contaminated waste.

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