EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE REACTANTS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CADMIUM SULFIDE THIN FILMS PREPARED BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
VORRADA LORYUENYONG ◽  
NOPPANUT RUANKUL ◽  
NATTAPON SUPSO ◽  
PONGSATORN CHUNPADUNGSUK
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Quantum Confinement Effect ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cubic Crystal ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Cds Films

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized and grown on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition. The method involves the preparation of aqueous solutions containing cadmium chloride ( CdCl 2) and thiourea [ CS ( NH 2)2] as source materials for cadmium and sulfur components, respectively. Ammonium hydroxide ( NH 4 OH )–ammonium chloride ( NH 4 Cl ) solution was used as a complexing agent in this study. The hexagonal and cubic crystal structure of as-deposited CdS films, determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), is shown. The effects of Cd : S ratio variation on the surface morphology and optical properties of CdS films are also reported. The UV-vis transmission spectrum and SEM micrographs indicated that the Cd : S ratio in the aqueous solution had an impact on the band gap as well as the crystallite size and packing density of the CdS particles due to the quantum confinement effect.

scholarly journals Deposition time and annealing effects on morphological and optical properties of ZnS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chabou ◽  
B. Birouk ◽  
M.S. Aida ◽  
J.P. Raskin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Annealing Effects

AbstractNanocrystalline zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films are prepared on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using aqueous solutions of zinc chloride, thiourea ammonium hydroxide along with non-toxic complexing agent tri-sodium citrate in alkaline medium at 80 °C. The deposition time and annealing effects on the optical and morphological properties are studied. The morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the films are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. SEM micrographs exhibit uniform surface coverage. UV-Vis (300 nm to 800 nm) spectrophotometric measurements show transparency of the films (transmittance ranging from 69 % to 81 %), with a direct allowed energy band gap in the range of 3.87 eV to 4.03 eV. After thermal annealing at 500 °C for 120 min, the transmittance increases up to 87 %.

scholarly journals Deposition time and annealing effects on morphological and optical properties of ZnS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-416
Author(s):  
N. Chabou ◽  
B. Birouk ◽  
M.S. Aida ◽  
J.P. Raskin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractNanocrystalline zinc sulfide thin films were prepared on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition method using aqueous solutions of zinc chloride, thiourea ammonium hydroxide along with non-toxic complexing agent trisodium citrate in alkaline medium at 80 °C. The effect of deposition time and annealing on the properties of ZnS thin films was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical transmittance spectroscopy and four-point probe method. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the samples exhibited cubic sphalerite structure with preferential orientation along 〈2 0 0〉 direction. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs revealed uniform surface coverage, UV-Vis (300 nm to 800 nm) spectrophotometric measurements showed transparency of the films (transmittance ranging from 69 % to 81 %), with a direct allowed energy band gap in the range of 3.87 eV to 4.03 eV. After thermal annealing at 500 °C for 120 min, the transmittance increased up to 87 %. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the deposited films increased with increasing of the deposition time from 0.35 × 10−4 Ω·cm−1 to 2.7 × 10−4 Ω·cm−1.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Gadolinium Oxide Powders and Films

2020 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Burve ◽  
Vera Serga ◽  
Aija Krūmiņa ◽  
Raimons Poplausks
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Gadolinium Oxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cubic Crystal ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Oxide Powders ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Mean

Due to its magnetic, electrical, absorption, and emission properties, nanoscale gadolinium oxide is widely used in various fields. In this research, nanocrystalline Gd2O3 powders and films on glass substrates have been produced by the extraction-pyrolytic method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of single phase Gd2O3 with cubic crystal structure and the mean crystallite size from 9 to 25 nm in all produced materials. The morphology of samples has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

New Approaches to Chemical Bath Deposition of Chalcogenides

1999 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul O’brien ◽  
Markus R. Heinrich ◽  
David J. Otway ◽  
Odile Robbe ◽  
Alexander Bayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Heated Substrate ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Optoelectronic Applications ◽  
Cds Films

AbstractWe have been studying new approaches to conventional Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) of chalcogenide containing materials, using continuous circulation and replenishment of CBD solution over a heated substrate. Crystalline thin films produced by this method offer potential for use in solar cell devices or other optoelectronic applications. Films of CdS, ZnS and the ternary material CdxZn1−xS have been deposited on TO-glass substrates. In this paper we demonstrate our approach for the deposition of CdS films. These have been characterized by XPS, SEM, XRD and UV/vis spectroscopy and shown to be good quality. The films have been used to fabricate Au/CdTe/CdS/TO-glass solar cells of efficiency 10.1% under AMl.5 illumination.

Analysis of Optical Properties and Structure for CdS Films

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 3721-3724
Author(s):  
W.L. Wang ◽  
K.J. Liao ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
P. Yu ◽  
G.B. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transparent Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cds Films

In this paper, the optical properties and structure of CdS films were investigated by SEM, X-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The CdS films in this study were deposited on the plane transparent glass by chemical bath deposition technique. The experimental results have shown that the annealing treatment has an important effect on the optical properties and structure of CdS films. This may be ascribed to decreasing surface contaminations and oxide content in the films.

Properties of CdS Thin Films Grown by Chemical Bath Deposition as a Function of Bath Temperature

2009 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Moualkia ◽  
S. Hariech ◽  
M.S. Aida
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Cds Thin Films ◽  
Direct Band

The present work deals with the preparation and characterization of cadmium sulfur (CdS) thin films. These films are prepared by chemical bath deposition on the well cleaned glass substrates. The thickness of the samples was measured by using profilometer DEKTAK, structural and optical properties were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The optical properties of the films have been investigated as a function of temperature. The band gap energy and Urbach energy were also investigated as a function of temperature. From the transmittance data analysis the direct band gap ranges from 2.21 eV to 2.34 eV. A dependence of band gap on temperature has been observed and the possible raisons are discussed. Transmission spectra indicates a high transmission coefficient (75 %). Structural analysis revealed that the films showed cubic structure, and the crystallite size decreased at a higher deposition temperature.

scholarly journals Growth of Polycrystalline In2S3 Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition Using Acetic Acid as a Complexing Agent for Solar Cell Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Gopinath ◽  
K. T. Ramakrishna Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Solar Cell Application ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates

In2S3 films have been successfully deposited on Corning glass substrates via chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using acetic acid as a novel complexing agent. The layers were grown by employing synthesis using indium sulphate and thioacetamide (TA) as precursors by varying TA concentration in the range of 0.1–0.5 M, keeping other deposition parameters constant. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) revealed an increase of S/In ratio in the films with the increase of TA concentration in the solution. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated a change in preferred orientation from (311) plane related to cubic structure to the (103) direction corresponding to the tetragonal crystal structure. The evaluated crystallite size varied in the range of 15–25 nm with the increase of TA concentration. Morphological analysis showed that the granular structure and the granular density decrease with the raise of TA concentration. The optical properties of the layers were also investigated using UV-Vis-NIR analysis, which indicated that all the In2S3 films had the optical transmittance >60% in the visible region, and the evaluated energy band varied in the range of 2.87–3.32 eV with the change of TA concentration. Further, a thin film heterojunction solar cell was fabricated using a novel absorber layer, SnS, with In2S3 as a buffer. The unoptimized SnS/In2S3/ZnO:Al solar cell showed a conversion efficiency of 0.6%.

Effect of Second Complexing Agent of N2H4 on the Optical and Structural Properties of ZnS Thin Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Huan Ke ◽  
Shu Wang Duo ◽  
Ting Zhi Liu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yan Fei
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sphalerite Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Zns Films

ZnS films have been deposited on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD). The optical and structural properties were analyzed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the prepared thin films from the solution using N2H4 as second complexing agent were thicker than those from the solution without adding N2H4 in; this is due to using second complexing agent of N2H4, the deposition mechanisms change which is conductive to heterogeneous deposition. When using N2H4 as second complexing agent, the crystallinity of ZnS thin films improved with a significant peak at 2θ=28.96°which can be assigned to the (111) reflection of the sphalerite structure. The transmittances of the prepared films from the solution adding N2H4 in as second complexing agent were over 85%, compared to those from the solution without N2H4 (over 95%). The band gaps of the ZnS films from the solution using N2H4 as second complexing agent were larger (about 4.0eV) than that from those from the solution without N2H4 (about 3.98eV), which indicated that the prepared ZnS films from the solution adding N2H4 in as second complexing agent were better used as buffer layer of solar cells with adequate optical properties. In short, using N2H4 as second complexing agent, can greatly improve the optical and structural properties of the ZnS thin films.

scholarly journals Substrate Rotation Chemical Bath Deposition of Cadmium Sulfide Buffer Layers for Thin Film Solar Cell Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitij Taneja ◽  
Alekhya Venkata Madiraju ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Raghunandan Seelaboyina ◽  
Anup Kumar Keshri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solar Cell Application ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Substrate Rotation ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
20 Nm

A method for deposition of cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, by chemical bath deposition (CBD), has been modified. For achieving relatively uniform and pin-hole-free CdS films, substrate rotation, concentration of CdS salts, and deposition time were optimized. The deposited films were characterized by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Band gap of ~2.4 eV was measured by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, CdS phase was confirmed by XRD, and film uniformity and roughness (~15–20 nm) were measured by SEM and AFM, respectively.

STUDY OF CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION OF ZnS THIN FILMS WITH SUBSTRATE VIBRATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Q. BIAN ◽  
X. B. XU ◽  
J. B. CHU ◽  
Z. SUN ◽  
Y. W. CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Hydrazine Hydrate ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Zns Films

An improved chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique has been provided to prepare zinc sulfide ( ZnS ) thin films on glass substrates deposited at 80–82°C using a mixed aqueous solution of zinc sulfate, ammonium sulfate, thiourea, hydrazine hydrate, and ammonia at the alkaline conditions. Both the traditional magnetic agitation and the substrates vibration by hand frequently were done simultaneously during the deposition. The substrates vibration reduced the formation and residence of gas bubbles on the glass substrates during growth and resulted in growth of clean ZnS thin films with high quality. Ammonia and hydrazine hydrate were used as complexing agents. It is found that hydrazine hydrate played an important role in growth of ZnS films. The structure and microstructure of ZnS films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis spectroscopic methods. The XRD showed a hexagonal structure. The formed ZnS films exhibited good optical properties with high transmittance in the visible region and the band gap value was estimated to be 3.5–3.70 eV.

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