OPPORTUNITY AND NECESSITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF HUMAN CAPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 2050025
Author(s):  
DANIELA RODRIGUES ◽  
AURORA AC TEIXEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Necessity Entrepreneurship ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
Positive Effect

Although considerable research has been devoted to the study of the effect of entrepreneurship on economic growth, fewer studies have analyzed the effect of the types (opportunity vs necessity) of entrepreneurship on economic growth. Moreover, the latter set of studies overlooked the relevance of human capital as a mediating factor in the relation between (types of) entrepreneurship and economic growth. The aim of the present study is to fill in this gap by assessing the extent to which the direct and indirect effect of (the types of) entrepreneurship, via human capital, matters for countries’ economic growth. In methodological terms, we resort to fixed effects panel data estimations, involving a large set of (OECD and non-OECD) countries, over a relatively long time span (1990–2016). The results suggest total entrepreneurship has a positive effect on economic growth. Distinguishing between types of entrepreneurship, there is clear evidence that OE fosters economic growth, whereas necessity entrepreneurship inhibits it. Interestingly, human capital tends to mitigate the negative effect of necessity entrepreneurship on economic growth. In the case of opportunity entrepreneurship, the direct positive effect observed is reduced in contexts characterized by high levels of human capital, which might reflect increased opportunity costs.

scholarly journals DOES PUBLIC DEBT HAMPER ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPEAN TRANSITIONAL COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1228
Author(s):  
Liza Alili Sulejmani ◽  
Armend Ademi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Lately, there has been an increased interest among policy makers and scholars regarding the nexus between public debt and economic growth, with emphasizes on its effects on transition economies, particularly after the last global financial crisis. This paper tries to investigate the impact of public debt on economic growth in the European transition economies, for the time spin 2000-2016, by using Pooled OLS, Fixed effects, Random effects and Hausman – Taylor Instrumental variable (IV). In addition, results reveal that public debt although has positive effect on per capita growth still is statistically insignificant, whereas debt square has negative effect on per capita GDP growth. Further, gross savings, final consumption and fixed capital formation have positive effect on per capita growth, while government expenditures do not show significant impact. Moreover, such results highlight important implications for fiscal policymakers in these countries in order to foster the economic growth in the context of public debt level.

scholarly journals Human Capital, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Nexus: Why Investment in Free Compulsory Universal Education Matters for Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Yalley Josephine
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Universal Education ◽  
Correlational Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Global Futures ◽  
Positive Effect

This study uses a quantitative correlational design model to investigate the effects of human capital and economic growth on poverty reduction. The study sampled and analyzed 140 countries’ data from United Nations Human Development Index report, 2010 to 2018. Comparing data from Africa, Europe and Asia, the study found that human capital had a positive effect on economic growth, while economic growth had a negative effect on poverty. The study argues that poverty reduction in Africa matters in creating sustainable global futures and recommends investment into free universal pre-tertiary education as a strategy to combat poverty.

scholarly journals Determinants of Firm Performance: Evidence from Romanian Listed Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lazăr
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe paper investigates firm-specific determinants of firm profitability for Romanian listed companies over the 2000-2011 period within the framework of resource based view of the firm. The results show that tangibles, leverage, size and labour intensity have negative effect on firm performance, while sales growth and value added have a positive effect. The results prove robust when introducing two-way fixed effects model and industry year effects model (in order to simultaneously account for specific industry characteristics and time effects).

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSUMSI ENERGI DAN REZIM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Zakiah Husna ◽  
Idris Idris
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Regime ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to determine the effect of energy consumption and regime on economic growth in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data in the form of time series data from 1988-2017, with documentation and library study data collection techniques obtained from relevant institutions and agencies. the variables used are economic growth (GDP), non-renewable energy consumption, renewable energy consumption and regime, the research methods used are: (1) Multiple Regression Analysis (OLS), (2) Classical Assumption Test results of research stating that: ( 1) non-renewable energy consumption has a positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia. (2) consumption of renewable energy has a positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia. (3) the energy regime has a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia. (4) non-renewable energy consumption, renewable energy consumption and energy regime have a significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia. so only the energy regime has a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia.

scholarly journals PENGARUH FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDO

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Nia Putri Kunanti ◽  
Melti Roza Adry
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Private Credit ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to determine how the influence of financial development on economic growth in Indonesia. Financial development indicators are M2 money supply, bank assets, private credit and trade openness. Where inflation and trade openness as a control variable and economic growth as the dependent variable. The data used in this study are secondary data from 2005 quarter 1 to 2018 quarter 4 which were collected through documentation and related agencies. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis and error correction models. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the money supply M2 has a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia; (2) Bank assets have a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia; (3) Private credit has a positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia; (4)) trade openness has a positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia.

scholarly journals LA INSERCIÓN COMERCIAL DE CHINA EN LATINOAMÉRICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (310) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto López Arévalo ◽  
Óscar Rodil Marzábal
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

<p>Este trabajo estudia los intercambios bilaterales de China con México, Chile, Costa Rica y Perú desde la óptica del comercio intraindustrial durante 1995-2017. En particular, se analizan las diferencias en el patrón de inserción intraindustrial en un contexto marcado por la existencia (Chile, Costa Rica y Perú) o no (México) de acuerdos de libre comercio con China. El estudio se completa con un análisis econométrico (efectos fijos) de los determinantes del comercio intraindustrial. Los resultados muestran una inserción de bajo perfil intraindustrial, con la excepción de algunas partidas específicas relativas a productos eléctricos y de la industria automotriz. Por otro lado, se confirma el efecto positivo del tamaño de la economía, de la inversión extranjera directa y de la diferenciación de producto, así como negativo de la diferencia en el nivel de ingreso; mientras que existe una indefinición en el papel de los acuerdos de libre comercio con China.<br /><br /></p><p>THE TRADE INTEGRATION OF CHINA IN LATIN AMERICA</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br />This paper studies China’s bilateral trade with Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica and Peru from the perspective of intra-industrial trade during 1995-2017. In particular, the differences in the pattern of intra-industrial insertion are analyzed in a context characterized by the existence (Chile, Costa Rica and Peru) or not (Mexico) of free trade agreements with China. An econometric analysis (fixed effects) of the determinants of intra-industrial trade completes the study. The results show a low intra-industrial profile, except for some specific items related to electrical products and the automotive industry. The positive effect of the size of the economy, foreign direct investment and product differentiation is also confirmed, as well as the negative effect of the difference in income level. However, there is an undefined role for free trade agreements with China.</p>

scholarly journals EFECT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON NIGERIAN ECONOMY

10.26458/1814 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Lawrence Olisaemeka UFOEZE ◽  
Camilus OKUMA, N. ◽  
Clem NWAKOBY ◽  
Udoka Bernard Alajekwu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Exchange Rate Fluctuations ◽  
Fixed Exchange Rate ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

This study investigated the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on Nigerian economy. The fixed and floating exchange eras were compared to know the exchange rate system in which the economy has fairly better. The time period covered was 1970 to 2012. The study employed the ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression technique for the analysis. The coefficient of determination (R2), F-test, t-test, beta and Durbin-Watson were used in the interpretation of the results. The resulted revealed that about 85% of the changes in macroeconomic indicators are explained in the fixed exchange era. In the floating exchange era, 99% was explained while the whole periods has 73% explanatory power, hence the floating exchange era (1986 to date) is more effective in explaining economic trend in Nigeria. Also, exchange rate has significant positive effect on GDP during the fixed exchange rate era and negative effect the eras floating and all-time; inflation has insignificant negative effect on GDP during the fixed exchange era; significant effect in floating era and significant negative effect in the all-time period; money supply has insignificant negative effect GDP in fixed exchange era; and significant positive effect during the floating and all-time period; and oil revenue has significant positive effect on the GDP in all the exchange rate regimes (floating, fixed and all-time) in Nigeria.  The study thus conclude that exchange rate movement is a good indicator for monitoring Nigerian economic growth. So far exchange rate has always been a key economic indicator for Nigeria. The floating exchange period has outperformed the fixed exchange rate in terms of contribution inflation, money supply and oil revenue to economic growth. This indicate that the floating exchange rate has been a better economic regime for sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. From the findings, it is evident that oil revenue has positive effect in Nigeria and has remained the mainstay of the economy. It is thus recommended among other things that a positive exchange rate stock should be monitored regularly, so as not to allow those that find exchange rate as an avenue of investment like banks and public carry out their business, which is more devastating to the economy. 

scholarly journals KORUPSI DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Amin Haqiqi ◽  
◽  
Husaeri Putra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Scientific Research Articles ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Effect

This study analyzes corruption and economic growth. The method of analysis uses literature studies. This literature study was carried out by searching scientific research articles about corruption through Google Scholar and journals about corruption. After the identification of several articles, the results show different results about the effect of corruption on economic growth. From each journal shows Corruption has a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia and those that have a positive effect. This shows several factors that underlie the influence of corruption on economic growth, namely due to cultural differences, policies, economic freedom and the rules of each region. The diversity of each region in Indonesia makes a different level of influence of corruption so that if a region has a high level of economic freedom and rules and bureaucracy that are not difficult, corruption has a positive effect on economic growth. In general, the effect of corruption on economic growth is negative, where the cleaner the region or region is from corruption, the more it will encourage the growth of the region.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Foreign Direct Investment in BRICS Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3(J)) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Kunofiwa Tsaurai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Capital Development

Recent studies which investigated the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in BRICS include Hsin-Hong and Shou-Ronne (2012), Nandi (2012), Jadhav (2012), Darzini and Amirmojahedi (2013), Nischith (2013), Ho et al. (2013), Kaur et al. (2013) and Priya and Archana (2014). The findings from these studies shows lack of consensus and confirm that a list of agreeable determinants of FDI in BRICS countries is still an unsettled matter. This paper was therefore initiated in order to contribute to the debate on the discourse on FDI determinants in BRICS countries.This paper deviates from earlier similar studies in five ways: (1) uses most recent data, (2) is the first to investigate whether a combination of financial development, trade openness, human capital, economic growth and inflation influence FDI in BRICS countries, (3) uses different proxies of the variables that affect FDI, (4) employed both fixed effects and pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) approaches and (5) used a stacked data approach.The results of the study showed that economic growth, trade openness and exchange rate stability positively impacted on FDI, financial development positively influenced FDI under fixed effects, FDI was positively influenced by human capital development using the pooled OLS and inflation negatively affected FDI in line with literature. Taking into account these findings, this study urges BRICS to implement policies that increase financial sector efficiency and economic growth, maintain stable exchange rates, keep inflation rates at lower levels, enhance trade openness and human capital development in order to increase FDI inflows.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Solvency of Insurance Companies in Palestine

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Yousef Abdel Latif Abdel Jawad ◽  
Issam Ayyash
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The study aimed to investigate the factors that affect the solvency of the insurance companies in Palestine and to highlight the nature and strength of the relationship between liquidity, investment, leverage, claims and the solvency of the insurance companies in Palestine.To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive and quantitative analysis methods were used in the study. Based on the data of the financial statements of seven insurance companies (out of 9 companies) and by using regression of fixed effects of panel data for 2010-2017, the study found that the claims have a positive effect on the financial solvency and leverage has a negative effect on the solvency of insurance companies in Palestine, while investment and liquidity have an insignificant effect on financial solvency.

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