CHROMOSOMAL LOCATIONS OF mcr-1 IN Klebsiella pneumoniae AND Enterobacter cloacae FROM DOGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
MING-HUANG CHANG ◽  
GUAN-JUN CHEN ◽  
DAN-YUAN LO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Molecular Surveillance ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

In November 2015, the emergence of a novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism was described. So far, there are only two relevant published reports focused solely on Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Taiwan. This paper describes the emergence of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates harboring mcr-1 on chromosomes in Taiwan. All four mcr-1-positive isolates were from 63 Klebsiella spp., and the isolated Enterobacter spp. were from diseased dogs and cats at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, National Chiayi University. These four isolates were resistant to colistin, amoxicillin, doxycycline and oxytetracycline, and all mcr-1 genes were located on the chromosome, without any flanking ISApl1 or other insertion sequences. The findings suggest that, in addition to food animals and humans, companion animals can serve as reservoirs of mcr-1, adding another layer of complexity to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in the community. Hence we consider it essential to continue to survey resistance to colistin in these bacteria. Continuous microbiological and molecular surveillance is necessary to assist in early detection and minimize the dissemination of mcr-1.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Superpolymyxin and ChromID Colistin R Screening Media for the Detection of Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Spiked Rectal Swabs

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Girlich ◽  
Thierry Naas ◽  
Laurent Dortet
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Stool Samples

ABSTRACT The dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) has led to the increased use of colistin, which has resulted in the emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae worldwide. One of the most threatening scenarios is the dissemination of colistin resistance in CPE, particularly the plasmid-encoded resistance element MCR. Thus, it has now become mandatory to possess reliable media to screen for colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacterial isolates, especially Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, we evaluated the performances of the Superpolymyxin medium (ELITechGroup) and the ChromID Colistin R medium (bioMérieux) to screen for colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from spiked rectal swabs. Stool samples were spiked with a total of 94 enterobacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Enterobacter cloacae), including 53 colistin-resistant isolates. ESwabs (Copan Diagnostics) were then inoculated with those spiked fecal suspensions, and culture proceeded as recommended by both manufacturers. The sensitivity of detection of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was 86.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 74.0% to 94.0%) using both the Superpolymyxin medium and the ChromID Colistin R plates. Surprisingly, the isolates that were not detected were not the same for both media. The specificities were high for both media, at 97.9% (95% CI = 87.3% to 99.9%) for the Superpolymyxin medium and 100% (95% CI = 90.4% to 100%) for the ChromID Colistin R medium. Both commercially available media, ChromID Colistin R and Superpolymyxin, provide useful tools to screen for colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from patient samples (rectal swabs) regardless of the level and mechanism of colistin resistance.

Антимікробна резистентність провідних збудників інфекцій сечових шляхів у Києві (Україна)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
A.V. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Providencia Rettgeri ◽  
E Coli

Мета роботи — вивчити резистентність до антибіотиків бактеріальних збудників інфекцій сечових шляхів (ІСШ), виділених у пацієнтів урологічного стаціонару в м. Києві. Матеріали і методи. Досліджено 1612 штамів бактерій, виділених із сечі хворих з ІСШ (цистит, уретрит, пієлонефрит), госпіталізованих в урологічне відділення ДУ «Інститут урології НАМН України» у м. Києві протягом 2016 р. Серед пацієнтів переважали жінки — 1201 (74,5 %). Вік хворих становив від 17 до 74 років. Для збору даних використано медичну документацію лікарні. Мікробіологічні дослідження виконано у лабораторії мікробіології ДУ «Інститут урології НАМН України». Аналізували результати культурального дослідження зразків сечі, зібраних за наявності клінічних ознак ІСШ. Дослідження клінічного матеріалу та інтерпретацію отриманих результатів проводили загальноприйнятими методами. Вивчено чутливість уропатогенів до 31 антибіотика дискодифузійним методом відповідно до рекомендацій Інституту клінічних та лабораторних стандартів США (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)). Результати та обговорення. Аналіз мікробного спектра сечі виявив домінування серед уропатогенів штамів Escherichia coli (32,0 %), Enterococcus faecalis (19,5 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10,9 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis (8,9 %), S. haemolyticus (6,5 %) та Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6,4 %). Частка Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter aerogenes і Streptococcus viridans становила відповідно 2,5, 2,2 і 1,6 %, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus vulgaris та Providencia rettgeri — менше 1,0 %. У більшості випадків (69,7 %) мікроорганізми виділено у монокультурі, у решті випадків — у мікробних асоціа- ціях. Високу резистентність до тестованих антибіотиків виявили штами E. aerogenes (45,1 %), E. cloacae (45,7 %), E. faecium (40,9 %), E. faecalis (40,7 %), E. coli (39,9 %), P. aeruginosa (34,0 %), K. pneumoniae (28,6 %). Найбільш активними до уропатогенів були іміпенем (E. coli — 87,6 %, P. aeruginosa — 75,7 %, E. cloacae — 67,3 %, E. aerogenes — 72,6 %, K. pneumoniae — 93,2 %), меропенем (E. coli — 89,1 %, P. aeruginosa — 76,7 %, K. pneumoniae — 82,6 %), лефлоцин (E. coli — 74,5 %, ентерококи — 78,7 %, P. aeruginosa — 76,7 %, E. cloacae — 73,9 %, E. aerogenes — 80,4 %, K. pneumoniae — 83,5 %), амоксицилін/клавуланат (ентерококи — 84,6 %), фурагін (ентерококи — 82,6 %), цефоперазон (K. pneumoniae — 89,2 %, P. aeruginosa — 73,8 %), цефтріаксон (K. pneumoniae — 80,1 %). Висновки. Антибіотикорезистентність збудників ІСШ — важлива терапевтична проблема. Найбільшою активністю до уропатогенів характеризуються іміпенем, меропенем, лефлоцин, амоксицилін/ клавуланат, фурагін, цефоперазон, цефтріаксон, які можна розглядати як препарат вибору для призначення стартової терапії ІСШ. Необхідно здійснювати постійний моніторинг за резистентністю до дії антибіотиків. Політику використання антибіотиків у кожному стаціонарі слід визначати залежно від локальних даних щодо резистентності до протимікробних препаратів.

scholarly journals Characterization of resistance mechanisms of Enterobacter cloacae Complex co-resistant to carbapenem and colistin

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixing Liu ◽  
Renchi Fang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Lijiang Chen ◽  
Na Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid A ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Horizontal Spread

Abstract Background The emergence of carbapenem-resistant and colistin-resistant ECC pose a huge challenge to infection control. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of the carbapenems and colistin co-resistance in Enterobacter cloacae Complex (ECC) strains. Results This study showed that the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in this study are: 1. Generating carbapenemase (7 of 19); 2. The production of AmpC or ESBLs combined with decreased expression of out membrane protein (12 of 19). hsp60 sequence analysis suggested 10 of 19 the strains belong to colistin hetero-resistant clusters and the mechanism of colistin resistance is increasing expression of acrA in the efflux pump AcrAB-TolC alone (18 of 19) or accompanied by a decrease of affinity between colistin and outer membrane caused by the modification of lipid A (14 of 19). Moreover, an ECC strain co-harboring plasmid-mediated mcr-4.3 and blaNDM-1 has been found. Conclusions This study suggested that there is no overlap between the resistance mechanism of co-resistant ECC strains to carbapenem and colistin. However, the emergence of strain co-harboring plasmid-mediated resistance genes indicated that ECC is a potential carrier for the horizontal spread of carbapenems and colistin resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of mcr1 and mcr2 plasmid mediated colistin resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates of animal origin in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayhan Ilbeigi ◽  
Mahdi Askari Badouei ◽  
Hossein Vaezi ◽  
Hassan Zaheri ◽  
Sina Aghasharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Level ◽  
Farming Industry

Abstract Objectives The emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from human and animal sources is one of the major public health concerns as colistin is the last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. We aimed to determine the prevalence of the prototype widespread colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) among commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from food-producing and companion animals in Iran. Results A total of 607 E. coli isolates which were previously collected from different animal sources between 2008 and 2016 used to uncover the possible presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) by PCR. Overall, our results could not confirm the presence of any mcr-1 or mcr-2 positive E. coli among the studied isolates. It is concluded that despite the important role of food-producing animals in transferring the antibiotic resistance, they were not the main source for carriage of mcr-1 and mcr-2 in Iran until 2016. This study suggests that the other mcr variants (mcr-3 to mcr-9) might be responsible for conferring colistin resistance in animal isolates in Iran. The possible linkage between pig farming industry and high level of mcr carriage in some countries needs to be clarified in future prospective studies.

Detection of chromosomal and plasmid-mediated mechanisms of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Indian food samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghafur ◽  
Chaitra Shankar ◽  
Palani GnanaSoundari ◽  
Manigandan Venkatesan ◽  
Deepa Mani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Indian Food

scholarly journals PERFIL DE SENSIBILIDADE A ANTIMICROBIANOS POR COMPONENTES DA MICROBIOTA BACTERIANA ORAL E RETAL DE PRIMATAS NÃO HUMANOS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcone Helmer Silva ◽  
Hilma Lúcia Tavares Dias ◽  
Ednaldo da Silva Filho ◽  
Sarah Raphaela Rocha de Azevedo Scalercio ◽  
Wellington Bandeira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Callithrix Jacchus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Xylosus

Resumo Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram identificar bactérias isoladas da cavidade oral e da ampola retal de Saimiri collinsi e Callithrix jacchus e determinar a sensibilidade a 16 antimicrobianos. Trinta indivíduos de cada espécie foram analisados e foram isoladas 136 bactérias em C. jacchus e 84 em S. collinsi. As bactérias isoladas em maior número em S. collinsi foram Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Raoutella ornithinolytica, Staphylococcus xylosus e Proteus mirabilis. As bactérias isoladas em C. jacchus foram K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E. coli, Serratia marcescens e S. xylosus na cavidade oral e ampola retal. O teste de sensibilidade mostrou que, dentre as cepas isoladas, os maiores percentuais de resistência foram observados para ampicilina, amoxicilina, cefalotina e nitrofurantoína. Na cavidade oral de ambas as espécies as cepas foram sensíveis à ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, meropenem, amicacina, levofloxacina e a sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim. Na ampola retal, as isoladas foram sensíveis à cefoxitina, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, ertapenem, meropenem, amicacina e levofloxacina. Conclui-se que as espécies de S. collinsi e C. jacchus apresentam sua microbiota oral e retal composta por várias espécies bacterianas e que a resistência pode ser um problema no criatório, uma vez que as cepas mostraram percentuais elevados de resistência a diferentes antimicrobianos.

scholarly journals Pharmacodynamic Profile of Ertapenem against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in a Murine Thigh Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Maglio ◽  
Mary Anne Banevicius ◽  
Christina Sutherland ◽  
Chinedum Babalola ◽  
Charles H. Nightingale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Parameter ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Profile

ABSTRACT The pharmacodynamic profile of ertapenem was evaluated in a neutropenic mouse thigh infection model. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive and ESBL-negative clinical strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were studied. MICs ranged from 0.0078 to 0.06 μg/ml with standard inoculum tests. Ertapenem doses were administered once to five times daily to achieve various exposures, reported as the percentage of the dosing interval that the concentration of free ertapenem was in excess of the MIC (%T>MICfree). Mean values for the static exposure and 80% maximally effective exposure (ED80) were 19% (range, 2 to 38%) and 33% (range, 13 to 65%) T>MICfree, respectively. Differences in exposure requirements based on the presence of an ESBL resistance mechanism or bacterial species were not evident. In addition, experiments using a 100-fold higher inoculum did not decrease the magnitude of the reduction in bacterial density from baseline achieved compared to lower-inoculum studies. The pharmacodynamic parameter of %T>MICfree correlated well with bactericidal activity for all isolates, and the static and ED80 exposures are consistent with those reported previously for carbapenems.

scholarly journals Prevalência das famílias TEM, SHV e CTX-M de β-lactamases de espectro estendido em Escherichia coli e Klebsiella spp no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Fernando de Oliveira ◽  
Nara Lucia Frazzon Dal Forno ◽  
Izabel Almeida Alves ◽  
Jorge André Horta ◽  
Alexandre Rieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Neste estudo estimou-se a distribuição e prevalência de β-lactamases de espectro estendido pertencentes às famílias TEM, SHV e CTX-M entre amostras de Escherichia coli e Klebsiella spp. no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Durante 14 meses, 90 microrganismos foram selecionados como prováveis produtores de ESBL. Os isolados foram submetidos a testes fenotípicos confirmatórios para a presença de ESBL. A seguir, os tipos de ESBLs presentes em cada microrganismo foram determinados através da pesquisa dos respectivos genes através da reação em cadeia da polimerase. Empregando-se o método do disco combinado, a presença de ESBLs foi confirmada em 55 (61,1%) amostras; quando o método do duplo disco foi utilizado, 57 (63,3%) amostras foramprodutoras de ESBLs. Com base na PCR, as ESBLs do tipo TEM e SHV foram mais presentes em Klebsiella pneumoniae enquanto que ESBL do tipo CTX-M foram mais presentes em Klebsiella oxytoca.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Characteristics of Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Containing Isolates from the Environment: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu ◽  
Ishmael Festus Jaja ◽  
Obichukwu Chisom Nwobi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Extensive Drug Resistance ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Genes Encoding

The emergence and spread of mobile colistin (COL) resistance (mcr) genes jeopardize the efficacy of COL, a last resort antibiotic for treating deadly infections. COL has been used in livestock for decades globally. Bacteria have mobilized mcr genes (mcr-1 to mcr-9). Mcr-gene-containing bacteria (MGCB) have disseminated by horizontal/lateral transfer into diverse ecosystems, including aquatic, soil, botanical, wildlife, animal environment, and public places. The mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-5, mcr-7, and mcr-8 have been detected in isolates from and/or directly in environmental samples. These genes are harboured by Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Kluyvera, Aeromonas, Providencia, and Raulotella isolates. Different conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids form the backbones for mcr in these isolates, but mcr have also been integrated into the chromosome of some strains. Insertion sequences (IS) (especially ISApl1) located upstream or downstream of mcr, class 1–3 integrons, and transposons are other drivers of mcr in the environment. Genes encoding multi-/extensive-drug resistance and virulence are often co-located with mcr on plasmids in environmental isolates. Transmission of mcr to/among environmental strains is clonally unrestricted. Contact with the mcr-containing reservoirs, consumption of contaminated animal-/plant-based foods or water, international animal-/plant-based food trades and travel, are routes for transmission of MGCB.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Gonzales Escalante ◽  
Katherine Yauri Condor ◽  
Jose A. Di Conza ◽  
Gabriel O. Gutkind
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate an easy-to-perform assay based upon inhibition of mobile colistin resistance (MCR) activity by EDTA. We included 92 nonrelated isolates of Enterobacteriaceae (74 Escherichia coli, 17 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 Serratia marcescens). Our proposed method is based on a modification of the colistin agar-spot screening test (CAST), a plate containing 3 μg/ml colistin, by adding an extra plate of colistin agar-spot supplemented with EDTA (eCAST). Bacterial growth was evaluated after 24 h of incubation at 35°C. All the colistin-resistant isolates showed development on the CAST plates. Colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae without mcr-1 and S. marcescens also grew on the eCAST plates. In contrast, colistin-resistant MCR-producing E. coli was not able to grow in eCAST plates. The combined CAST/eCAST test could provide a simple and easy-to-perform method to differentiate MCR-producing Enterobacteriaceae from those in which colistin resistance is mediated by chromosomal mechanisms.

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