scholarly journals The morphological changes in the internal organs of laboratory animals after prolonged oral administration of gold nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 1642004
Author(s):  
Alla B. Bucharskaya ◽  
Galina N. Maslyakova ◽  
Svetlana S. Pakhomy ◽  
Olga V. Zlobina ◽  
Irina O. Bugaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy

Recently gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been actively studied as photothermal converters, drug carriers, and imaging agents in a wide range of applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. The prolonged peroral administration of GNPs in a range of sizes was performed to investigate the morphological changes and their reversibility in the internal organs of laboratory animals. In this study, GNPs with average diameters of 2[Formula: see text]nm, 15[Formula: see text]nm and 50[Formula: see text]nm were administered during 30 days, and the reversibility of morphological changes was investigated 14 days after administration. After the prolonged administration of GNPs, the severity of morphological changes in the liver, kidney, spleen and lymph nodes depended on the nanoparticle size. Specifically, 50[Formula: see text]nm nanoparticles caused the most pronounced dystrophic and necrobiotic effects, whereas the smallest 2[Formula: see text]nm nanoparticles caused proliferative changes. Most importantly, the development of pathological processes was reversible, as evidenced by the gradual restoration of the organ structure at 14 days after the end of GNPs administration.

scholarly journals Alterations of morphology of lymphoid organs and peripheral blood indicators under the influence of gold nanoparticles in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 1640004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla B. Bucharskaya ◽  
Svetlana S. Pakhomy ◽  
Olga V. Zlobina ◽  
Galina N. Maslyakova ◽  
Olga V. Matveeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Quantitative Changes

At present, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are widely used in biomedical applications such as cancer diagnostics and therapy. Accordingly, the potential toxicity hazards of these nanomaterials and human safety concerns are gaining significant attention. Here, we report the effects of prolonged peroral administration of GNPs with different sizes (2, 15 and 50[Formula: see text]nm) on morphological changes in lymphoid organs and indicators of peripheral blood of laboratory animals. The experiment was conducted on 24 white mongrel male rats weighing 180–220[Formula: see text]g, gold nanospheres sizes 2, 15 and 50[Formula: see text]nm were administered orally for 15 days at a dosage of 190[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/kg of animal body weight. The GNPs were conjugated with polyethylene glycol to increase their biocompatibility and bioavailability. The size-dependent decrease of the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes was noted in the study of peripheral blood, especially pronounced after administration of GNPs with size of 50[Formula: see text]nm. The stimulation of myelocytic germ of hematopoiesis was recorded at morphological study of the bone marrow. The signs of strengthening of the processes of differentiation and maturation of cellular elements were found in lymph nodes, which were showed as the increasing number of immunoblasts and large lymphocytes. The quantitative changes of cellular component morphology of lymphoid organs due to activation of migration, proliferation and differentiation of immune cells indicate the presence of immunostimulation effect of GNPs.

The reversibility of morphological changes in the mesenteric lymph nodes after peroral administration of gold nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Zlobina ◽  
Svetlana S. Pakhomy ◽  
Alla B. Bucharskaya ◽  
Irina O. Bugaeva ◽  
Galina N. Maslyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

The Influence of Long-Term Peroral Administration of Gold Nanoparticles with Various Sizes on the Liver, Spleen, and Lymph Nodes of Laboratory Rats and Their Progeny

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-686
Author(s):  
S. S. Pakhomy ◽  
A. B. Bucharskaya ◽  
G. N. Maslyakova ◽  
O. V. Zlobina ◽  
I. O. Bugaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

The morphological changes in lymphoid organs and peripheral blood indicators in rats after peroral administration of gold nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Bucharskaya ◽  
S. S. Pakhomy ◽  
O. V. Zlobina ◽  
G. N. Maslyakova ◽  
O. V. Matveeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Peroral Administration

scholarly journals Morphological Changes in the Internal Organs of Laboratory Animals under a Single Administration of Fe Nanoparticles

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Nikita Aleksandrovich Navolokin ◽  
◽  
Olga Viktorovna Matveeva ◽  
Galina Nikiforovna Maslyakova ◽  
Alla Borisovna Bucharskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Fe Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Influence of intraabdominal hypertension on morphological changes of internal organs in experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
A.I. Sukhodolya ◽  
K.Yu. Krenov ◽  
I.V. Loboda ◽  
V.M. Monastyrsky
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Intraabdominal Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Abdominal Hypertension ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intraabdominal Hypertension ◽  
Neutral Formalin

The development of intra-abdominal hypertension is possible with a wide range of surgical pathologies, in particular, the abdominal cavity, as well as in other nosologies and significantly aggravates the prognosis. Thus, polytrauma and major burns present up to 60% of the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome (AKS), and intestinal obstruction, peritonitis and acute destructive pancreatitis - in almost 80% of cases. The purpose of the work was to investigate the morphological changes that occur in the internal organs in an intraabdominal hypertension syndrome caused by peritonitis. The experiment was conducted on 28 guinea pigs, divided into three groups: I — the control group (n=8), the II group, in which the peritonitis was simulated by destruction of the colon in the experimental animals (n=10), III — the group of experimental animals, in which the peritonitis model was combined with a paranephrine blockade in combination with a blockage of the circular ligament of the liver (n=10). In all experimental animals, intraabdominal pressure was measured every 6 hours during the day. The results were processed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet formulas using the Student t criterion. For morphological study section material was used (fragments of the kidneys, small intestine and peritoneum). To facilitate cutting the pieces, we carried out preliminary fixation of organs in 10% neutral formalin (at least 24 hours). From each organ, cut into 1–2 bits or ribbons, which were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution. After posting according to the generally accepted method, bits were poured into paraffin. Paraffin sections 5–7 microns thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. As a result of experimental work, it has been found that combined regional blockades effectively reduce intra-abdominal pressure within six hours after use, but their effect is short-lived. In the experimental peritonitis group, with the implementation of regional blockades with lidocaine solution, the morphological changes of the kidneys and peritoneum were less pronounced. Improvement of the technique of regional blockades, in particular the continued infusion of local anesthetics, can significantly increase the effectiveness of the technique without side effects that are inherent in, in particular, peridural analgesia.

scholarly journals Влияние длительного перорального введения золотых наночастиц различного размера на печень, селезенку и лимфатические узлы лабораторных крыс и их потомства-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
С.С. Пахомий ◽  
А.Б. Бучарская ◽  
Г.Н. Маслякова ◽  
О.В. Злобина ◽  
И.О. Бугаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Microscopy Method ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

The effect of prolonged oral administration of gold nanoparticles of various sizes on the structure of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes of mature laboratory rats and their offspring was studied. The morphometric study was performed using the system of digital image analysis of medical Mikrovizor µVizo-103. The detection of conglomerates of gold nanoparticles in tissues was carried out using the dark field microscopy method. It was found that gold nanoparticles of sizes 2 and 50 nm cause the most pronounced morphological changes in the organs, which indicates the size-dependent character of their effects. In the liver of the group with 50 nm gold nanoparticles administration the expressed dystrophy of hepatocytes and activation of monocytic-macrophage system were observed. In the spleen and lymph nodes, the processes of proliferation and differentiation of immunocompetent cells and macrophages were activated. Oral administration of gold nanoparticles during pregnancy in females was accompanied by an increase in the number of hepatocytes with necrobiotic changes and an increase in the number of non-parenchymatous elements in the liver of the offspring, most pronounced in the groups with the administration of 2 and 50 nm gold nanoparticles.

Optimization of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis using Design of Experiments Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1518-1423
Author(s):  
Adina Turcu Stiolica ◽  
Mariana Popescu ◽  
Maria Viorica Bubulica ◽  
Carmen Nicoleta Oancea ◽  
Claudiu Nicolicescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Chloroauric Acid ◽  
Gold Colloids ◽  
Citrate Concentration ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Gold nanoparticles are considered the newest drug carriers for different diseases. Therefore it is appropriate continuous optimization of their preparation. In this study, gold colloids with an average size of 1 - 26 nm were obtained by the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid with trisodium citrate. The nanomaterials were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering technique. In addition, zeta potential was measured for samples synthesized in order to determine the stability of the colloids. A Two-level Full Factorial design was chosen to determine the optimum set of process parameters (chloroauric acid concentration and sodium citrate concentration) and their effect on various gold nanoparticles characteristics (size and zeta potential). These effects were quantified using Design of Experiments (DoE) with 5 runs and 1 centerpoint. The selected objective and process model in this investigation are screening and interaction. Findings from this research show that to obtain particles larger than 35 nm, it is recommended to increase sodium citrate concentration, at low chloroauric acid values. These conditions will help to achieve smaller zeta potential, too.

Synthesis of a silymarin-gold nanoparticle conjugate and analysis of its liver-protecting activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Staroverov ◽  
Sergey Kozlov ◽  
Alexander Fomin ◽  
Konstantib Gabalov ◽  
Alexey Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Experimental Hepatitis ◽  
Acute Liver Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
First Time

Background: The liver disease problem prompts investigators to search for new methods of liver treatment. Introduction: Silymarin (Sil) protects the liver by reducing the concentration of free radicals and the extent of damage to the cell membranes. A particularly interesting method to increase the bioavailability of Sil is to use synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as reagents. The study considered whether it was possible to use the silymarin-AuNP conjugate as a potential liver-protecting drug. Method: AuNPs were conjugated to Sil and examine the liver-protecting activity of the conjugate. Experimental hepatitis and hepatocyte cytolysis after carbon tetrachloride actionwere used as a model system, and the experiments were conducted on laboratory animals. Result: For the first time, silymarin was conjugated to colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Electron microscopy showed that the resultant preparations were monodisperse and that the mean conjugate diameter was 18–30 nm ± 0.5 nm (mean diameter of the native nanoparticles, 15 ± 0.5 nm). In experimental hepatitis in mice, conjugate administration interfered with glutathione depletion in hepatocytes in response to carbon tetrachloride was conducive to an increase in energy metabolism, and stimulated the monocyte–macrophage function of the liver. The results were confirmed by the high respiratory activity of the hepatocytes in cell culture. Conclusion: We conclude that the silymarin-AuNP conjugate holds promise as a liver-protecting agent in acute liver disease caused by carbon tetrachloride poisoning.

scholarly journals Individual Expression of Hepatitis A Virus 3C Protease Induces Ferroptosis in Human Cells In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7906
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Komissarov ◽  
Maria A. Karaseva ◽  
Marina P. Roschina ◽  
Andrey V. Shubin ◽  
Nataliya A. Lunina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
3C Protease ◽  
Wide Range

Regulated cell death (RCD) is a fundamental process common to nearly all living beings and essential for the development and tissue homeostasis in animals and humans. A wide range of molecules can induce RCD, including a number of viral proteolytic enzymes. To date, numerous data indicate that picornaviral 3C proteases can induce RCD. In most reported cases, these proteases induce classical caspase-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, the human hepatitis A virus 3C protease (3Cpro) has recently been shown to cause caspase-independent cell death accompanied by previously undescribed features. Here, we expressed 3Cpro in HEK293, HeLa, and A549 human cell lines to characterize 3Cpro-induced cell death morphologically and biochemically using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We found that dead cells demonstrated necrosis-like morphological changes including permeabilization of the plasma membrane, loss of mitochondrial potential, as well as mitochondria and nuclei swelling. Additionally, we showed that 3Cpro-induced cell death was efficiently blocked by ferroptosis inhibitors and was accompanied by intense lipid peroxidation. Taken together, these results indicate that 3Cpro induces ferroptosis upon its individual expression in human cells. This is the first demonstration that a proteolytic enzyme can induce ferroptosis, the recently discovered and actively studied type of RCD.

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