scholarly journals Optical angiography for diabetes-induced pathological changes in microvascular structure and function: An overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingtan Zhu ◽  
Dongyu Li ◽  
Tingting Yu ◽  
Dan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Organ Systems

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a kind of metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to absolute or relative lack of insulin, leading to chronic damage of vasculature within various organ systems. These detrimental effects on the vascular networks will result in the development of various diseases associated with microvascular injury. Modern optical imaging techniques provide essential tools for accurate evaluation of the structural and functional changes of blood vessels down to capillaries level, which can offer valuable insight on understanding the development of DM-associated complications and design of targeted therapy. This review will briefly introduce the DM-induced structural and functional alterations of vasculature within different organs such as skin, cerebrum and kidneys, as well as how novel optical imaging techniques facilitate the studies focusing on exploration of these pathological changes of vasculature caused by DM both in-vivo and ex-vivo.

scholarly journals A practical method for multimodal registration and assessment of whole-brain disease burden using PET, MRI, and optical imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Scarpelli ◽  
Debbie R. Healey ◽  
Shwetal Mehta ◽  
Vikram D. Kodibagkar ◽  
Christopher C. Quarles
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Phenotypic Heterogeneity ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Rodent Brain

Abstract Many neurological diseases present with substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, making assessment of these diseases challenging. This has led to ineffective treatments, significant morbidity, and high mortality rates for patients with neurological diseases, including brain cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Improved understanding of this heterogeneity is necessary if more effective treatments are to be developed. We describe a new method to measure phenotypic heterogeneity across the whole rodent brain at multiple spatial scales. The method involves co-registration and localized comparison of in vivo radiologic images (e.g. MRI, PET) with ex vivo optical reporter images (e.g. labeled cells, molecular targets, microvasculature) of optically cleared tissue slices. Ex vivo fluorescent images of optically cleared pathology slices are acquired with a preclinical in vivo optical imaging system across the entire rodent brain in under five minutes, making this methodology practical and feasible for most preclinical imaging labs. The methodology is applied in various examples demonstrating how it might be used to cross-validate and compare in vivo radiologic imaging with ex vivo optical imaging techniques for assessing hypoxia, microvasculature, and tumor growth.

scholarly journals In Vivo and Ex Vivo Microscopy: Moving Toward the Integration of Optical Imaging Technologies Into Pathology Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy A. Wells ◽  
Michael Thrall ◽  
Anastasia Sorokina ◽  
Jeffrey Fine ◽  
Savitri Krishnamurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Imaging Technologies ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Tissue Removal ◽  
Excised Tissue

The traditional surgical pathology assessment requires tissue to be removed from the patient, then processed, sectioned, stained, and interpreted by a pathologist using a light microscope. Today, an array of alternate optical imaging technologies allow tissue to be viewed at high resolution, in real time, without the need for processing, fixation, freezing, or staining. Optical imaging can be done in living patients without tissue removal, termed in vivo microscopy, or also in freshly excised tissue, termed ex vivo microscopy. Both in vivo and ex vivo microscopy have tremendous potential for clinical impact in a wide variety of applications. However, in order for these technologies to enter mainstream clinical care, an expert will be required to assess and interpret the imaging data. The optical images generated from these imaging techniques are often similar to the light microscopic images that pathologists already have expertise in interpreting. Other clinical specialists do not have this same expertise in microscopy, therefore, pathologists are a logical choice to step into the developing role of microscopic imaging expert. Here, we review the emerging technologies of in vivo and ex vivo microscopy in terms of the technical aspects and potential clinical applications. We also discuss why pathologists are essential to the successful clinical adoption of such technologies and the educational resources available to help them step into this emerging role.

scholarly journals In Vivo Imaging of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in Mouse Lungs: A Biomarker of Inflammation

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 7290.2005.05133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Hardwick ◽  
Ming-Kai Chen ◽  
Kwamena Baidoo ◽  
Martin G. Pomper ◽  
Tomás R. Guilarte
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptors ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors

The ability to visualize the immune response with radioligands targeted to immune cells will enhance our understanding of cellular responses in inflammatory diseases. Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) are present in monocytes and neutrophils as well as in lung tissue. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a model of inflammation to assess whether the PBR could be used as a noninvasive marker of inflammation in the lungs. Planar imaging of mice administrated 10 or 30 mg/kg LPS showed increased [123I]-( R)-PK11195 radioactivity in the thorax 2 days after LPS treatment relative to control. Following imaging, lungs from control and LPS-treated mice were harvested for ex vivo gamma counting and showed significantly increased radioactivity above control levels. The specificity of the PBR response was determined using a blocking dose of nonradioactive PK11195 given 30 min prior to radiotracer injection. Static planar images of the thorax of nonradioactive PK11195 pretreated animals showed a significantly lower level of radiotracer accumulation in control and in LPS-treated animals ( p < .05). These data show that LPS induces specific increases in PBR ligand binding in the lungs. We also used in vivo small-animal PET studies to demonstrate increased [11C]-( R)-PK11195 accumulation in the lungs of LPS-treated mice. This study suggests that measuring PBR expression using in vivo imaging techniques may be a useful biomarker to image lung inflammation.

scholarly journals Study of Osteocyte Behavior by High-Resolution Intravital Imaging Following Photo-Induced Ischemia

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2874
Author(s):  
Hengfeng Yuan ◽  
Wen Jiang ◽  
Yuanxin Chen ◽  
Betty Kim
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Avascular Osteonecrosis ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Behavioral Dynamics ◽  
Bony Anatomy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Ischemic injuries and local hypoxia can result in osteocytes dysfunction and play a key role in the pathogenesis of avascular osteonecrosis. Conventional imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) can reveal structural and functional changes within bony anatomy; however, characterization of osteocyte behavioral dynamics in the setting of osteonecrosis at the single cell resolution is limited. Here, we demonstrate an optical approach to study real-time osteocyte functions in vivo. Using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as a biomarker for metabolic dynamics in osteocytes, we showed that NADH level within osteocytes transiently increase significantly after local ischemia through non-invasive photo-induced thrombosis of afferent arterioles followed by a steady decline. Our study presents a non-invasive optical approach to study osteocyte behavior through the modulation of local environmental conditions. Thus it provides a powerful toolkit to study cellular processes involved in bone pathologies in vivo.

scholarly journals Quantification of vascular networks in photoacoustic mesoscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L Brown ◽  
Thierry L Lefebvre ◽  
Paul W Sweeney ◽  
Bernadette Stolz ◽  
Janek Gröhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Image Filtering ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Segmentation Methods

Mesoscopic photoacoustic imaging (PAI) enables non-invasive visualisation of tumour vasculature and has the potential to assess prognosis and therapeutic response. Currently, evaluating vasculature using mesoscopic PAI involves visual or semi-quantitative 2D measurements, which fail to capture 3D vessel network complexity, and lack robust ground truths for assessment of segmentation accuracy. Here, we developed an in silico, phantom, in vivo, and ex vivo-validated end-to-end framework to quantify 3D vascular networks captured using mesoscopic PAI. We applied our framework to evaluate the capacity of rule-based and machine learning-based segmentation methods, with or without vesselness image filtering, to preserve blood volume and network structure by employing topological data analysis. We first assessed segmentation performance against ground truth data of in silico synthetic vasculatures and a photoacoustic string phantom. Our results indicate that learning-based segmentation best preserves vessel diameter and blood volume at depth, while rule-based segmentation with vesselness image filtering accurately preserved network structure in superficial vessels. Next, we applied our framework to breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), with corresponding ex vivo immunohistochemistry. We demonstrated that the above segmentation methods can reliably delineate the vasculature of 2 breast PDX models from mesoscopic PA images. Our results underscore the importance of evaluating the choice of segmentation method when applying mesoscopic PAI as a tool to evaluate vascular networks in vivo.

scholarly journals EANM recommendations based on systematic analysis of small animal radionuclide imaging in inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik H. J. G. Aarntzen ◽  
Edel Noriega-Álvarez ◽  
Vera Artiko ◽  
André H. Dias ◽  
Olivier Gheysens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Radionuclide Imaging ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Complementary Value

AbstractInflammatory musculoskeletal diseases represent a group of chronic and disabling conditions that evolve from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors that cause perturbations in innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases is, to a large extent, derived from preclinical and basic research experiments. In vivo molecular imaging enables us to study molecular targets and to measure biochemical processes non-invasively and longitudinally, providing information on disease processes and potential therapeutic strategies, e.g. efficacy of novel therapeutic interventions, which is of complementary value next to ex vivo (post mortem) histopathological analysis and molecular assays. Remarkably, the large body of preclinical imaging studies in inflammatory musculoskeletal disease is in contrast with the limited reports on molecular imaging in clinical practice and clinical guidelines. Therefore, in this EANM-endorsed position paper, we performed a systematic review of the preclinical studies in inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases that involve radionuclide imaging, with a detailed description of the animal models used. From these reflections, we provide recommendations on what future studies in this field should encompass to facilitate a greater impact of radionuclide imaging techniques on the translation to clinical settings.

scholarly journals Immunological Methods for Nursing Research: From Cells to Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena W. Morrison ◽  
Charles A. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Common Principle ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Research Questions

Scientists and clinicians frequently use immunological methods (IMs) to investigate complex biological phenomena. Commonly used IMs include immunocytochemistry (IC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and flow cytometry. Each of these methodologies exploits a common principle in IMs —the binding of an antibody to its antigen. Scientists continue to develop new methodologies, such as high-throughput immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in vivo imaging techniques, which exploit antibody—antigen binding, to more accurately answer complex research questions involving single cells up to whole organ systems. The purpose of this paper is to discuss established and evolving IMs and to illustrate the application of these methods to nursing research.

scholarly journals Towards Clinical Translation of LED-Based Photoacoustic Imaging: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhao Zhu ◽  
Ting Feng ◽  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Xueding Wang ◽  
Sidan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Clinical Potential

Photoacoustic imaging, with the capability to provide simultaneous structural, functional, and molecular information, is one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging modalities of recent times. As a hybrid modality, it not only provides greater penetration depth than the purely optical imaging techniques, but also provides optical contrast of molecular components in the living tissue. Conventionally, photoacoustic imaging systems utilize bulky and expensive class IV lasers, which is one of the key factors hindering the clinical translation of this promising modality. Use of LEDs which are portable and affordable offers a unique opportunity to accelerate the clinical translation of photoacoustics. In this paper, we first review the development history of LED as an illumination source in biomedical photoacoustic imaging. Key developments in this area, from point-source measurements to development of high-power LED arrays, are briefly discussed. Finally, we thoroughly review multiple phantom, ex-vivo, animal in-vivo, human in-vivo, and clinical pilot studies and demonstrate the unprecedented preclinical and clinical potential of LED-based photoacoustic imaging.

scholarly journals Image-based modelling of skeletal muscle oxygenation

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (127) ◽  
pp. 20160992 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zeller-Plumhoff ◽  
T. Roose ◽  
G. F. Clough ◽  
P. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Vessel Networks

The supply of oxygen in sufficient quantity is vital for the correct functioning of all organs in the human body, in particular for skeletal muscle during exercise. Disease is often associated with both an inhibition of the microvascular supply capability and is thought to relate to changes in the structure of blood vessel networks. Different methods exist to investigate the influence of the microvascular structure on tissue oxygenation, varying over a range of application areas, i.e. biological in vivo and in vitro experiments, imaging and mathematical modelling. Ideally, all of these methods should be combined within the same framework in order to fully understand the processes involved. This review discusses the mathematical models of skeletal muscle oxygenation currently available that are based upon images taken of the muscle microvasculature in vivo and ex vivo . Imaging systems suitable for capturing the blood vessel networks are discussed and respective contrasting methods presented. The review further informs the association between anatomical characteristics in health and disease. With this review we give the reader a tool to understand and establish the workflow of developing an image-based model of skeletal muscle oxygenation. Finally, we give an outlook for improvements needed for measurements and imaging techniques to adequately investigate the microvascular capability for oxygen exchange.

In-vivo near-infrared optical imaging of growing osteosarcoma cell lesions xenografted in mice: dual-channel quantitative evaluation of volume and mineralization

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 978-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Nakayama ◽  
Tomoyuki Kawase ◽  
Kazuhiro Okuda ◽  
Larry F Wolff ◽  
Hiromasa Yoshie
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Nir Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo Imaging

Background In a previous study using a rodent osteosarcoma-grafted rat model, in which cell-dependent mineralization was previously demonstrated to proportionally increase with growth, we performed a quantitative analysis of mineral deposit formation using 99mTc-HMDP and found some weaknesses, such as longer acquisition time and narrower dynamic ranges (i.e. images easily saturated). The recently developed near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging technique is expected to non-invasively evaluate changes in living small animals in a quantitative manner. Purpose To test the feasibility of NIR imaging with a dual-channel system as a better alternative for bone scintigraphy by quantitatively evaluating mineralization along with the growth of osteosarcoma lesions in a mouse-xenograft model. Material and Methods The gross volume and mineralization of osteosarcoma lesions were evaluated in living mice simultaneously with dual-channels by NIR dye-labeled probes, 2-deoxyglucose (DG) and pamidronate (OS), respectively. To verify these quantitative data, retrieved osteosarcoma lesions were then subjected to ex-vivo imaging, weighing under wet conditions, microfocus-computed tomography (μCT) analysis, and histopathological examination. Results Because of less scattering and no anatomical overlapping, as generally shown, specific fluorescence signals targeted to the osteosarcoma lesions could be determined clearly by ex-vivo imaging. These data were well positively correlated with the in-vivo imaging data ( r > 0.8, P < 0.02). Other good to excellent correlations ( r > 0.8, P < 0.02) were observed between DG accumulation and tumor gross volume and between OS accumulation and mineralization volume. Conclusion This in-vivo NIR imaging technique using DG and OS is sensitive to the level to simultaneously detect and quantitatively evaluate the growth and mineralization occuring in this type of osteosarcoma lesions of living mice without either invasion or sacrifice. By possible mutual complementation, this dual imaging system might be useful for accurate diagnosis even in the presence of overlapping tissues.

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