Little Computer People

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (CHI PLAY) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Sasha Azad ◽  
Chris Martens
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Agent Interactions ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Rigorous Model ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Social Behaviours

Bolstered by a growing interest in simulating believable non-player characters (NPCs), work on NPC models has spanned topics such as planning, procedural storytelling, decision-making, and social dynamics. However, research groups work in isolation, designing and discussing their character models with disparate approaches, often using project-specific terminology. This makes it challenging to identify, classify, and accumulate existing knowledge. It is our position that since modelling of virtual characters has become an integral part of the scientific practice in our field, we must develop a common taxonomy to discuss these models. With this goal in mind, we conduct an in-depth analysis of a selection of projects, categorizing existing agent social interactions, and comparing results from research-based and commercial social simulation works in the entertainment domain. We conceptualize a taxonomy that classifies agent interactions by their social behaviours, inter-agent communication, knowledge flow, and the change in their relationships. We posit such a taxonomy would allow scientists to reproduce and evaluate existing models, collaborate on standards, share advances with other researchers and practitioners, allow for better communication and methodologies developed for new techniques, and allow for a more rigorous model-to-model analysis.

Tobacco’s Appeal to the Senses and the Early Modern Smoker’s Still Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-150
Author(s):  
Julia Saviello
Keyword(s):  
Still Life ◽  
Sense Data ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Pipes ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Cut Tobacco ◽  
Selection Of

Smell and taste – of the five senses these are the two most strongly stimulated by smoking tobacco. The article presents an in-depth analysis of the reflection of both these forms of sensory perception in textual and visual sources concerning the early consumption of the herb. In a first step, tobacco’s changing reception, first as medicine and then as stimulant, is traced through the years of its increasing distribution in Europe, starting in the middle of the 16th century. As this overview reveals, at that time the still little known substance gave rise to new forms of sense perception. Following recent studies on smell and gustation, which have stressed the need to take into account the interactions between these senses, the article probes the manifold stimulation of the senses by tobacco with reference to allegorical representations and genre scenes addressing the five senses. The smoking of tobacco was thematized in both of these art forms as a means of visualizing either smell or taste. Yet, these depictions show no indication of any deliberate engagement with the exchange of sense data between mouth and nose. The question posed at the end of this paper is whether this holds true also for early smoker’s still lifes. In the so-called toebakjes or rookertjes, a subgenre of stilllife painting that, like tobacco, was still a novelty at the beginning of the 17th century, various smoking paraphernalia – such as rolled or cut tobacco, pipes and tins – are arrayed with various kinds of foods and drinks. Finally, the article addresses a selection of such smoker’s still lifes, using the toebakje by Pieter Claesz., probably the first of its kind, as a starting point and the work by Georg Flegel as a comparative example. Through their selection of objects, both offer a complex image of how tobacco engages different senses.

scholarly journals A Large-Scale COVID-19 Twitter Chatter Dataset for Open Scientific Research—An International Collaboration

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Juan M. Banda ◽  
Ramya Tekumalla ◽  
Guanyu Wang ◽  
Jingyuan Yu ◽  
Tuo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Source

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, an unprecedented amount of open data is being generated for medical, genetics, and epidemiological research. The unparalleled rate at which many research groups around the world are releasing data and publications on the ongoing pandemic is allowing other scientists to learn from local experiences and data generated on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a need to integrate additional data sources that map and measure the role of social dynamics of such a unique worldwide event in biomedical, biological, and epidemiological analyses. For this purpose, we present a large-scale curated dataset of over 1.12 billion tweets, growing daily, related to COVID-19 chatter generated from 1 January 2020 to 27 June 2021 at the time of writing. This data source provides a freely available additional data source for researchers worldwide to conduct a wide and diverse number of research projects, such as epidemiological analyses, emotional and mental responses to social distancing measures, the identification of sources of misinformation, stratified measurement of sentiment towards the pandemic in near real time, among many others.

Cybersecurity Standards in the Context of Operating System

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Syed Wasif Abbas Hamdani ◽  
Haider Abbas ◽  
Abdul Rehman Janjua ◽  
Waleed Bin Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Compliance Testing ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Security Standards ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

Cyber threats have been growing tremendously in recent years. There are significant advancements in the threat space that have led towards an essential need for the strengthening of digital infrastructure security. Better security can be achieved by fine-tuning system parameters to the best and optimized security levels. For the protection of infrastructure and information systems, several guidelines have been provided by well-known organizations in the form of cybersecurity standards. Since security vulnerabilities incur a very high degree of financial, reputational, informational, and organizational security compromise, it is imperative that a baseline for standard compliance be established. The selection of security standards and extracting requirements from those standards in an organizational context is a tedious task. This article presents a detailed literature review, a comprehensive analysis of various cybersecurity standards, and statistics of cyber-attacks related to operating systems (OS). In addition to that, an explicit comparison between the frameworks, tools, and software available for OS compliance testing is provided. An in-depth analysis of the most common software solutions ensuring compliance with certain cybersecurity standards is also presented. Finally, based on the cybersecurity standards under consideration, a comprehensive set of minimum requirements is proposed for OS hardening and a few open research challenges are discussed.

On the Origin of Theories: Charles Darwin’s Vocabulary of Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry M. Cowles
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
John Herschel ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This is an essay on the origin of theories. It argues that methodology can do more than shape scientific theories—sometimes, vocabularies of method become such theories. The origin of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is a case in point: Darwin’s well-known attention to methodological matters not only framed but bled into his theory of nature. A careful student of contemporary methodology, Darwin sought guidance for using a controversial tool in the scientific world in which he came of age: the hypothesis. In the process of reading the works of John Herschel and William Whewell, Darwin turned nature itself into a man of science. The hypotheses and testing of scientific practice were mirrored in the variations and selection of the natural world. Though unintentional, Darwin’s naturalization of a vocabulary of method helped pave the way for applications of evolutionary theory to the study of the human mind and, completing the circle, to the philosophy of science. Considering the role of vocabularies of method in the origin of theories suggests new directions for the study of cognitive history and the power of language to transform the historical imagination.

The Techniques of Flow Measurement

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Medlock
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Large River ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Flow Metering ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

Flow measurement has a long history extending over a period of about 3000 years, but it was only just over 200 years ago that the subject was first studied on a scientific basis and it was only 20 years ago that a surge of new techniques became available. Today there is a wide selection of methods and equipment to enable flow to be measured whether the medium is in the form of a liquid, gas, vapour or solid, or any combination thereof. According to the application, volumetric flow rate can be measured over a range exceeding 10−5m3/h to 106m3/h which in everday terms is equivalent to a cupful per day to the flow of a very large river. The price of a flowmeter can be as small as a few pounds or in excess of £1 million depending on the accuracy and capacity required. References are made to about 50 types of flow metering devices which can be classified into 11 groups.

THE ISSUE OF CONTEMPORANEITY AS CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL TOTALITY IN THE WORKS OF BORIS GROYS

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Elena Y. Baboshko ◽  
◽  
Dmitriy V. Galkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modernist Discourse ◽  
Selection Of

The authors refer the issue of definition of contemporaneity as cultural and historical totality basing on the research results of a well-known theorist Boris Groys. Analyzing the progress of his ideas, the authors conclude, that the philosopher’s considerable contribution to the science is composed of the next phase of the development of the thesis about the art language as the base of contemporaneity construction and of the “natural selection” of contemporary art structures. The latter is not simply reduced to the postmodern “polylogue” variant, but implies a kind of contemporaneity patterns niche and “stabilization”. The patterns naturally tend to become complementary due to simple juxtaposition/ overlay in general time context. According to the authors, this circumstance does not prevent them from being turned by different political forces into locally dominating contemporaneity patterns (as in the case of Gesamkunstwerk Stalin). Contemporary art provides simple experience, that helps to retain the illusion of single and seemingly total contemporaneity. B. Groys leads us to the thought that art provides conditions for generating a significant reflective distance in relation to different social and historical situations. The distance gives an artist the opportunity to consider the reality comprehensively, given the autonomy, through the art language. However, we believe, that the most important philosopher’s achievement is not only drawing parallels between cultural and social and historical processes, based on the concept of art strategies influencing the social dynamics. He also managed to approach one of the most significant issues in culture theory and history – the opportunity to define contemporaneity as cultural and historical totality. According to his modernity theory, the origin of contemporaneity is hidden in the avant-garde art manifestation. He interprets the utopic by its nature modernist discourse, applied in art practice, through Nietzscheian will to power as redefining the new age philosophy. This article aims to analyze the progress of the issue of contemporaneity in the works of B. Groys and to explicate the complexity of considering contemporaneity as cultural and historical totality. The authors believe that the thorough study of the phenomenon of total artwork (Gesamtkunstwerk) as a soviet Stalin project and critics’ opinion analysis helps to create arguments limiting the opportunity of considering contemporaneity as totality.

Tutoring Process in Emotionally Intelligent Tutoring Systems

2016 ◽  
pp. 1094-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sintija Petrovica
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Tutoring Systems ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Intelligent Tutoring ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Tutoring Systems ◽  
Knowledge States ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Emotionally Intelligent ◽  
Selection Of

Research has shown that emotions can influence learning in situations when students have to analyze, reason, make conclusions, apply acquired knowledge, answer questions, solve tasks, and provide explanations. A number of research groups inspired by the close relationship between emotions and learning have been working to develop emotionally intelligent tutoring systems. Despite the research carried out so far, a problem how to adapt tutoring not only to a student's knowledge state but also to his/her emotional state has been disregarded. The paper aims to examine to what extent the tutoring process and tutoring strategies are adapted to students' emotional and knowledge states in these systems. It also presents a study on how to influence student's emotions looking from the pedagogical point of view and provides general guidelines for selection of tutoring strategies to influence and regulate student's emotions.

scholarly journals The development of tactile social interactions in Corydoras aeneus larvae

Behaviour ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-539
Author(s):  
Riva J. Riley ◽  
Thomas P. Roe ◽  
Elizabeth R. Gillie ◽  
Andrea Manica
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Flight Response ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
Tactile Interaction ◽  
Social Exposure ◽  
Social Behaviours

Abstract Many social animals acquire social behaviours during development, and social experience during development can be vital for acquiring necessary social behaviours in adulthood. We investigated the development of a distinctive tactile interaction behaviour in Bronze Cory catfish, in which adults interact with one another tactilely during foraging and during group responses to threats. We found that larvae respond to applied tactile stimulation with a flight response significantly less often as larvae matured. This habituation to tactile stimulation is consistent with developing appropriate adult social behaviour. We also found that social exposure affects the larval response to tactile interactions with conspecifics, and that isolation in early life leads to a greater likelihood of responding to tactile interactions with conspecifics with a flight response. This suggests that social exposure is important for developing social tactile interaction behaviour and underscores the particular importance of early experience in social development.

Some Normative Data on Preschool Children's Social Behaviours

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Keith D. Ballard ◽  
Terence J. Crooks
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Social Validity ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Social Involvement ◽  
Repeated Observation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Behaviours

Data on rate and qualitative features of social interactions and on peer social involvement in play were obtained from repeated observation measures taken across 14 to 23 weeks on two children randomly selected from each of 6 kindergartens. Session-by-session variability was found to be a feature of the social interaction and social play data, and there was evidence that social behaviours may vary systematically across different kindergarten settings. A case is made for obtaining normative data in each setting of interest in order to identify atypical behaviour and to evaluate the social validity of intervention outcomes.

Bidirectional interactions between host social behaviour and parasites arise through ecological and evolutionary processes

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Dana M. Hawley ◽  
Amanda K. Gibson ◽  
Andrea K. Townsend ◽  
Meggan E. Craft ◽  
Jessica F. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Ecological Feedbacks ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Bidirectional Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviours

Abstract An animal's social behaviour both influences and changes in response to its parasites. Here we consider these bidirectional links between host social behaviours and parasite infection, both those that occur from ecological vs evolutionary processes. First, we review how social behaviours of individuals and groups influence ecological patterns of parasite transmission. We then discuss how parasite infection, in turn, can alter host social interactions by changing the behaviour of both infected and uninfected individuals. Together, these ecological feedbacks between social behaviour and parasite infection can result in important epidemiological consequences. Next, we consider the ways in which host social behaviours evolve in response to parasites, highlighting constraints that arise from the need for hosts to maintain benefits of sociality while minimizing fitness costs of parasites. Finally, we consider how host social behaviours shape the population genetic structure of parasites and the evolution of key parasite traits, such as virulence. Overall, these bidirectional relationships between host social behaviours and parasites are an important yet often underappreciated component of population-level disease dynamics and host–parasite coevolution.

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