INFLUENCE OF THE WIDTH OF TOBACCO FIBER AND THE PROPERTIES OF CIGARETTE PAPER ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE SMOKE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS FROM THIN-CUT TOBACCO

Рассмотрены технологические свойства табачного сырья скелетного типа сорта Юбилейный с шириной табачного волокна 0,5 и 0,8 мм и табачной мешки американского типа с шириной волокна 0,6 и 0,9 мм, использованных для изготовления изделий из табака курительного тонкорезаного. Выявлено, что у табака сорта Юбилейный с шириной волокна 0,8 мм наибольший условный расход на изготовление 1000 шт. изделий. Проведен анализ состава и воздухопроницаемости сигаретной бумаги для изготовления курительных изделий разных диаметров. Исследовано влияние физических параметров изделий из табака курительного тонкорезаного (диаметр, ширина табачного волокна, воздухопроницаемость сигаретной бумаги) на химический состав дыма (никотин, смола, монооксид углерода). Установлено, что увеличение ширины табачного волокна привело к значительному повышению содержания никотина и смолы в дыме изделий с табаком сорта Юбилейный; в дыме курительных изделий с американской мешкой столь четкой корреляции не наблюдалось. При использовании бумаги на основе конопли с меньшей, чем в бумаге с рисовой основой, воздухопроницаемостью в дыме курительных изделий возрастала концентрация как никотина, так и смолы, содержание которой в дыме образцов изделий с табаком сорта Юбилейный при ширине волокна 0,5 мм повышалось на 4–23%, при ширине волокна 0,8 мм – на 6–13%; с американской мешкой при ширине волокна 0,6 мм возрастало на 7–11%, при ширине волокна 0,9 мм – на 2–4%. Результаты исследований помогут выработать рекомендации для производителей и потребителей этого вида продукции. The paper considers the technological properties of skeletal-type tobacco raw materials of the Yubileynyy variety with a fiber width of 0,5 and 0,8 mm and American-type tobacco bags with a fiber width of 0,6 and 0,9 mm, used for the manufacture of products from thin-cut smoking tobacco. It was revealed that tobacco of the Yubileynyy variety with a fiber width of 0,8 mm has the highest conventional consumption for the manufacture of 1000 pieces products. The analysis of the composition and air permeability of cigarette paper for the manufacture of smoking products of different diameters was carried out. The influence of the physical parameters of tobacco products made of thin-cut tobacco (diameter, width of tobacco fiber, breathability of cigarette paper) on the chemical composition of smoke (nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide) is investigated. It was found that an increase in the width of tobacco fiber led to a significant increase in the content of nicotine and tar in the smoke of tobacco products of the Yubileynyy variety; such a clear correlation was not observed in the smoke of smoking products with an American-type. When using hemp-based paper with less air permeability than in rice-based paper, the concentration of nicotine and tar in the smoke of smoking products increased. The tar content in the smoke of samples of tobacco products of the Yubileynyy variety with a fiber width of 0,5 mm increased by 4–23%, with a fiber width of 0,8 mm – by 6–13%; with an American-type with a fiber width of 0,6 mm increased by 7–11%, with a fiber width of 0,9 mm – by 2–4%. The research results will help to develop recommendations for manufacturers and consumers of this type of products.

Intelligent Control in the Application of a Rotary Dryer for Reduction in the Over-Drying of Cut Tobacco

The drying process is fundamental for cut tobacco processing. However, there are some problems related to the drying process such as overheating, or inconsistent control of moisture content. This paper shows how an intelligent controller is designed for an industrial rotary drying system. This controller is applied to a tobacco production unit to reduce overdried cut tobacco and improve the overall unit performance. The proposed control system aims to keep the content of moisture at the dryer outlet as close as possible to the optimal value and improve the homogeneity of the product without any operator intervention. The study shows that, if a reduction of humidity in the cut tobacco drying process is achieved using AI, the quality of the final product improves. In particular, if compared to regulatory control, the proposed method constantly monitors and adjusts the moisture content level in order to reduce the amount of overdried product. The findings of this paper indicate that the suggested process can save at least 222.2 kg of cut tobacco for each batch in the first stage of the drying process.

Fiscal and regulatory effects of the tobacco excise duty reform in Moldova: lessons for Ukraine

The article analyses the experience of reforming the excise duty on tobacco products in Moldova in order to build an information base of how innovations in taxation have been integrated abroad and how this experience is taken into account when making administrative decisions in Ukraine. Moldova has implemented a somewhat radical fiscally oriented excise policy, and its excise duty reform for certain types of tobacco products has often been ambiguous in terms of ensuring compliance with EU standards and attaining the claimed objectives. Up to 2020, the country had diverging excise duty rates for filter and non-filter cigarettes and minimum retail prices for these products, a practice that was contrary to the requirements of European harmonized excise duty accrual. In Moldova, the excise duty on heated tobacco products, which are potentially less harmful to human health, is set at the minimum excise duty for cigarettes, but e-cigarette liquids are subject to no excise taxation at all. The Moldovan excise duty on fine-cut tobacco is greater than 160% of the excise duty on cigarettes, but the steep rise in excise taxes has left cigars, cigarillos and other smoking tobacco unaffected. The country still has a room to increase the sales of certain types of tobacco products that will be in demand among smokers for their low cost, while paying rather modest excise duties. In conclusion, Moldova's experience in tobacco excise duty reform is controversial. None of the “taxation know-how” initiatives in Moldova can be called a success and cannot be recommended as an example for Ukraine to follow. Rather, Moldova's excise policy should be considered as an example of introducing ambiguous measures in order to hedge itself from making any glaring mistakes.

Preventive Detection Method for Leakage of Sheet Tobacco Dryer

Content Sheet Tobacco Dryer is an important and key equipment in the tobacco making workshop of cigarette factory, its function is mainly to expand and dry cut tobacco, and the drying process is mainly carried out by the sheet heating plate in the drum through heat conduction, while the energy of the sheet heating plate mainly comes from the steam inside, and there is a risk of leakage through continuous operation of the sheet and its accessories, once leakage occurs, it will cause quality accidents of tobacco products, and leakage can be well prevented and eliminated through regular leakage detection.

Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer of Cut Tobacco in a Batch Rotary Dryer by Multi-Objective Optimization

Summary To simulate the drying process of cut tobacco in a batch rotary dryer, six different models of equilibrium moisture content were selected to calculate the driving force of mass transfer, and a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer was numerically solved. The multi-objective nonlinear problem of heat and mass transfer coefficients was optimized by employing a weight factor. The simulation results showed that the weight factor r was an important parameter for fitting results of moisture content and temperature. The model evaluation indices almost reached their minimal values with r at 0.1. For all the six equilibrium/classic models the fit was better for moisture content than for temperature. One model (M-Hen/C) was superior to other equilibrium/classic models and the REA (reaction engineering approach) model. This study aims for an understanding of heat and mass transfer in the tobacco drying process, and provides a theoretical framework to support the prediction of temperature and moisture in various drying situations.