Developmental Exposure to Air Pollution, Cigarettes, and Lead: Implications for Brain Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 585-614
Author(s):  
Caleb E. Finch ◽  
Todd E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Developmental Exposure ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors

Brain development is impaired by maternal exposure to airborne toxins from ambient air pollution, cigarette smoke, and lead. Shared postnatal consequences include gray matter deficits and abnormal behaviors as well as elevated blood pressure. These unexpectedly broad convergences have implications for later life brain health because these same airborne toxins accelerate brain aging. Gene-environment interactions are shown for ApoE alleles that influence the risk of Alzheimer disease. The multigenerational trace of these toxins extends before fertilization because egg cells are formed in the grandmaternal uterus. The lineage and sex-specific effects of grandmaternal exposure to lead and cigarettes indicate epigenetic processes of relevance to future generations from our current and recent exposure to airborne toxins.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Pollution and Increasing Depressive Symptoms in Older Women: The Mediating Role of The Prefrontal Cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 341-342
Author(s):  
Andrew Petkus ◽  
Xinhui Wang ◽  
Diana Younan ◽  
Daniel Beavers ◽  
Mark Espeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical

Abstract Exposure to air pollution may accelerate brain aging and increase risk of late-life depressive symptoms (DS). Brain structures underlying these associations are unknown. Longitudinal data from 829 community-dwelling women without dementia (baseline age 81.6 ± 3.6 years old) who participated in both the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging study (WHIMS-MRI; 2005-06) and the WHIMS-Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes (2008-16) were analyzed to examine whether volumetric measures of brain structures mediated associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and annual increases in DS (as measured by annually assessed 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale). Annual PM2.5 (fine particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter <2.5) and NO2 were estimated at the participants’ residence using regionalized universal kriging models and aggregated to the 3-year average prior to the WHIMS-MRI. Structural equation models were constructed to estimate associations between exposure, structural brain variables, and trajectories of DS (standardized on baseline mean and SD). Living in locations with higher NO2 (standardized β = 0.023; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.004, 0.042) or PM2.5 (standardized β = 0.021; 95% CI = 0.004, 0.038) was associated with larger annual increases in DS (~60% larger annual increase in DS). Higher NO2, but not PM2.5, was associated with smaller prefrontal cortical volumes (standardized β = -0.431; 99% CI = -0.518; -0.344). Prefrontal cortical volume explained 30.4% of the total association between annual DS increase and NO2. These findings underscore the importance of the prefrontal cortex in associations between NO2 exposure and increasing DS in later-life.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter, Residential Proximity to Major Roads and Measures of Brain Structure

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elissa H. Wilker ◽  
Sarah R. Preis ◽  
Alexa S. Beiser ◽  
Philip A. Wolf ◽  
Rhoda Au ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Brain Infarcts

Background and Purpose— Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment, but whether it is related to structural changes in the brain is not clear. We examined the associations between residential long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and markers of brain aging using magnetic resonance imaging. Methods— Framingham Offspring Study participants who attended the seventh examination were at least 60 years old and free of dementia and stroke were included. We evaluated associations between exposures (fine particulate matter [PM 2.5 ] and residential proximity to major roadways) and measures of total cerebral brain volume, hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensity volume (log-transformed and extensive white matter hyperintensity volume for age), and covert brain infarcts. Models were adjusted for age, clinical covariates, indicators of socioeconomic position, and temporal trends. Results— A 2-μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 was associated with −0.32% (95% confidence interval, −0.59 to −0.05) smaller total cerebral brain volume and 1.46 (95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.94) higher odds of covert brain infarcts. Living further away from a major roadway was associated with 0.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.19) greater log-transformed white matter hyperintensity volume for an interquartile range difference in distance, but no clear pattern of association was observed for extensive white matter. Conclusions— Exposure to elevated levels of PM 2.5 was associated with smaller total cerebral brain volume, a marker of age-associated brain atrophy, and with higher odds of covert brain infarcts. These findings suggest that air pollution is associated with insidious effects on structural brain aging even in dementia- and stroke-free persons.

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION OF JHANSI CITY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. CHAUHAN ◽  
BHANUMATI SINGH ◽  
SHREE GANESH ◽  
JAMSHED ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Status

Studies on air pollution in large cities of India showed that ambient air pollution concentrations are at such levels where serious health effects are possible. This paper presents overview on the status of air quality index (AQI) of Jhansi city by using multivariate statistical techniques. This base line data can help governmental and non-governmental organizations for the management of air pollution.

scholarly journals Differential Effect of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure on Risk of Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie J. Nobles ◽  
Andrew Williams ◽  
Marion Ouidir ◽  
Seth Sherman ◽  
Pauline Mendola
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure
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