scholarly journals Dead But Not Gone: Contemporary Legacies of Communism, Imperialism, and Authoritarianism

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Simpser ◽  
Dan Slater ◽  
Jason Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mechanisms Of Persistence ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Strict Definition

A profusion of recent research has focused on historical legacies as key to understanding contemporary outcomes. We review this body of research, analyzing both the comparative-historical analysis (CHA) and modern political economy (MPE) research traditions as applied to the study of communism, imperialism, and authoritarianism. We restrict our focus to the sizeable subset of arguments that meets a relatively strict definition of legacies, i.e., arguments that locate the roots of present-day outcomes in causal factors operative during an extinct political order. For all their differences, the CHA and MPE approaches both face the challenges of convincingly identifying the sources of historical persistence and of reckoning with alternative channels of causation. We find that mechanisms of persistence in legacy research generally belong to one of three main categories. While both traditions acknowledge the role of institutions in historical persistence, CHA research tends to emphasize the lasting power of coalitions, whereas work in MPE often argues for the persistence of cognitions. We argue that, at their best, CHA and MPE approaches yield complementary insights. Further progress in legacy research will benefit from greater cross-fertilization across research traditions and deeper recognition of commonalities across communist, imperialist, and authoritarian regimes.

scholarly journals Subnationalism and Social Development: A Comparative Analysis of Indian States

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerna Singh
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis

The quality of life that a person leads depends critically on where it is led. Even taking into account levels of economic development, the chances of an individual surviving through infancy, growing up literate, or living a healthy, long life vary dramatically across regions of the world, in different countries, and within the same country. What are the causes of such variation in wellbeing? This article points to a factor that has been virtually ignored in the vast scholarship on social welfare and development—the solidarity that emerges from a sense of shared identity. The argument marks an important departure from the traditional emphasis on the role of class and electoral politics, as well as from the dominant view of the negative implications of identity for welfare. Combining statistical analyses of all Indian states and a comparative historical analysis of two Indian provinces, Kerala and Uttar Pradesh, this article demonstrates how the strength of attachment to the subnational political community—subnationalism—can drive a progressive social policy and improve developmental outcomes.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Heather L. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Administrative Practice ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Universal Rule

This chapter draws on Katip Çelebi's Düstūrü’l-‘amel li ıṣlāhı ’l-ḥalel, or the Guiding Principles for the Rectification of Defects, to outline how attention to genre, to the relationship between conceptual models and administrative practice, to the role of sultanic authority as an anchor for imperial order, and to the significance of comparative historical analysis offers an alternative approach to Ottoman state-making in the early modern period. It further suggests that the “middle years” of the state might best be understood as a tension between principles of universal rule and the practices designed to entice and co-opt regional elites into a coherent sociopolitical order.

scholarly journals The Role of ICT in Addressing Corruption Across Political Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Mergen Dyussenov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Scale ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Resources

The paper reviews existing literature on the role of the internet in addressing corruption by breaking it down into instrumental, important, and critical roles, across two types of political regimes – (semi-)authoritarian and democracies. It analyzes the key resources and strategies utilized by governments and activists across these regimes, and looks into the common themes that emerge as a result of analyzing literature sources, i.e. the notion of crisis, lack of a single accepted definition of corruption across nations, factors found to positively correlate with reduced corruption, and the evolving nature of the internet. The paper finds that neither regime can be perfectly immune against mass-scale protests caused by dissatisfaction with worsening corruption. However, the regimes differ in the nature of protests, with semi-authoritarian regimes witnessing more violent and aggressive uprisings fueled by long-accumulated social disappointment with previous repressive regimes than across much of democracies.

scholarly journals Psychological characteristics of the rules of subordination within the cultural and historical analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
T.P. Budyakova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Psychological Acceptance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Importance

The article examines the psychology of submission. Given psychological characteristic standards of submission historically embodied in the moral codes and legal sources. The subject of analysis are historical regulations XII—XX centuries, the customs, in which the fixed rate of submission, as well as the memoir literature. There are four basic psychological lines of development in the history of the rules of subordination, in particular: a special regulation of the rules of subordination and increasing social importance of the role of subordinate. It is proved that psychological acceptance of a subordinate role and the satisfaction of its implementation includes the requirement of special rules regulating authority and emphasis on the social importance of the role of subordinate. It was established that one of the reasons that the job satisfaction of employees of state structures higher than employees of private companies, a large schema definition of relations with management. Hierarchical role is considered in terms of two components: the role of attributes and rules, rules of conduct. The article focuses on the fact that the individual external signs, locking status subordination, increase the level of self-esteem of subordinate.

A History of Bodies

2018 ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Annette Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Mexican American Women ◽  
Pedagogical Choices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Continuum

This chapter explores the development of pedagogical choices and historical practice via familial and professional mentorship. Rodríguez argues for the critical role of mentorship for the development of women in the historical profession. Naming her work “a history of the gaps,” she discusses widening the definition of historical actors as well as subjects of historical analysis. As an example, the chapter points to the continuum of women acting against racist violence, documenting, analyzing, and historicizing racist violence—against previously masculinist narratives. Demonstrating a “history of the gaps,” Rodríguez’s chapter concludes with the testimonies of Mexican and Mexican American women whose X marks confirmed anti-Mexican murders at the turn of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Bull in a china shop: Alternate reality games and transgressive fan play in social media franchises

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu S. Bakioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Alternate Reality Games ◽  
Alternate Reality ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Meaningful Role ◽  
Viral Distribution ◽  
Careful Management ◽  
Strict Definition

In this article I examine the role of fan ARGs in Lonelygirl15 (LG15), a video blog that became one of the first social media franchises of YouTube. Eager to explore the narrative possibilities of Internet technologies, its creators set out to provide community-based storytelling that embodied the general spirit of coauthorship. To ensure viral distribution, the videos were shot to evoke the maximum amount of curiosity, teasing their viewers with a seemingly simple plot laden with clues that promised a deeper mystery. While fan creativity was encouraged, the concerns over creating a commercially viable story led to careful management of fan activities and strict definition of the boundaries of the LG15 canon. Intrigued by the mysterious beginnings of the show, some fans created ARG spin-offs to deliver a more engaging experience than the show initially offered. I argue that early fan ARGs became tactics through which fans engaged in transgressive play and negotiated a more meaningful role within the franchise.

scholarly journals The role of the notion of a proper answer in the logic of questions

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-340
Author(s):  
Adam Jonkisz
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Logic Of Questions ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Inferential Erotetic Logic ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Pertinent Question ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Strict Definition

The observations in the article mainly concern the role of the concept of the so-called right answer in question logic. The purpose of these remarks is to justify the postulate that any logic of questions should be based on a conception of the structure of questions and answers, in which the notion of a proper answer is strictly defined. This postulate is addressed to any question logic, although it is mainly supported and illustrated by analyses and comparative remarks referring to concepts based on Ajdukiewicz’s question theory and to recent approaches of inferential erotetic logic (IEL). The analyses confirm that the concept of proper answer is fundamental in question theories, as it is assumed in the definitions of almost all concepts relating to questions and answers. In Ajdukiewicz’s concept, it is used explicitly, for example, in the definitions of the conditions of proper questioning and of complete and exhaustive answers. In IEL, it appears explicitly in the definitions of: the pertinent question, the notion of the presupposition of a question (and its variations), the relations of evoking a question (by a set of indicative sentences) and implying a question (by another question), etc. This basic concept should therefore be well defined. This postulate applies especially to such theories of questions in which assertions about questions and answers are proved in symbolic language – as is the case in IEL, which, however, lacks a strict definition of the concept of proper answer (there are only vague, pragmatic terms formulated in natural language). There is, however, a definition that is closer to the idea of the proper answer, adopted by Ajdukiewicz as well as in the concepts related to it, that a proper answer is one the structure of which is determined by the scheme of the question structure. However, this definition should be complemented by an accurate and general conception of question structure, which is lacking in the existing concepts. In order to confirm the validity of the formulated postulate, the article proposes new results achieved in the theory of questions, in which Ajdukiewicz’s ideas are developed and supplemented by a full account of the structure of questions and well-defined, i.e. formulated in a general and strict way as is the idea of proper answer.

Southern Political Development in Comparative Perspective

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mickey
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
To Come ◽  
Party State

This book examines the democratization of authoritarian enclaves in America's Deep South during the period 1944–1972. Through a comparative historical analysis of the experiences of Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina, it shows how the cohesion of elites and party–state capacity contributed to differences in modes of democratization across the Deep South. It suggests that the advancement of Republicans was in part a consequence and a cause of these democratization processes. This introductory chapter discusses some of the alternative perspectives on postwar southern political culture, along with the role of the political economy and black insurgency in southern political development. It also describes the phenomenon of authoritarian enclaves and offers some intuitions about how they might be democratized, focusing on subnational authoritarianism and subnational democratization. Finally, it provides an overview of the book's research design and summarizes the findings to come.

The Transformation Problem: A Comparative Historical Analysis of Approaches and Solutions (Classical Perspectives)

2008 ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Levina
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Marxian Theory ◽  
Neoclassical Theory ◽  
Labor Theory Of Value ◽  
Transformation Problem ◽  
Labor Theory ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Theory Of Value

The article focuses on the analysis of approaches to the transformation problem. The author examines the place and role of the transformation problem in Marx’s theory and methodology, as well as provides a critical analysis of solutions to this problem that emerged during the earlier stage of the debates in the Western literature. They include the approaches within the so-called "dual-system" interpretation developed by the proponents of the neoclassical theory and Marxists (those aiming at preserving Marxian theory without his labor theory of value, as well as those trying to retain Marx’s major conclusions but to correct his mistakes and make his theory consistent).

scholarly journals Theoretical Aspects of the Analysis of the Possible Causes of Ukrainian Revolutions

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Social Cynicism ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Intensity Of Development ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Revolutionary Situation

The study of the issues of revolution is of scientific interest in the context of changes in public consciousness and its influence on the speed of social processes. A comparative historical analysis of foreign and domestic scientific works showed that the use of the concept of «revolution» for different eras is ambiguous, and the explanations for the emergence and development of revolution are characterized by variability of concepts, which is caused both by differences in scientific approaches to the definition of key concepts, and subjective scientists' vision of the ultimate goal of research. The article presents a classification of the most recognized foreign theories in which the causes of the revolution are highlighted from various points of view of scientific knowledge. It is determined that the objective and subjective conditions for maintaining the revolutionary situation in Ukraine are changes in the system of relations in the social structure of society and the transformation of individual norms and rules to the action of a social elevator. It was emphasized that a change in the conditions of social interaction led to the development in society of an objective factorial relationship «social disorientation – social anomie – social cynicism – social madness», characterized by a tendency to repeat and narrow in time. It is proved that the cause of Ukrainian revolutions is the socio-psychological instability of society, manifested in the interconnection of objective conditions with relative inertia and changing objective factors with each electoral cycle, and the level of interaction of subjective conditions and factors determined the intensity of development of revolutionary processes.

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