scholarly journals The MMR Vaccine and Autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 585-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank DeStefano ◽  
Tom T. Shimabukuro
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Behavioral Challenges ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
One Year ◽  
Older Siblings

Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges. A report published in 1998, but subsequently retracted by the journal, suggested that measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autism. However, autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that has a strong genetic component with genesis before one year of age, when MMR vaccine is typically administered. Several epidemiologic studies have not found an association between MMR vaccination and autism, including a study that found that MMR vaccine was not associated with an increased risk of autism even among high-risk children whose older siblings had autism. Despite strong evidence of its safety, some parents are still hesitant to accept MMR vaccination of their children. Decreasing acceptance of MMR vaccination has led to outbreaks or resurgence of measles. Health-care providers have a vital role in maintaining confidence in vaccination and preventing suffering, disability, and death from measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases.

scholarly journals Latex content in adult vaccines

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Julie Davenport ◽  
Robert Gomez ◽  
Derek Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination

Abstract Introduction Hypersensitivity reactions to natural rubber latex are well-characterized occupational concerns for health care personnel. Health care providers are at increased risk for exposure and possibly transmission of vaccine preventable diseases. Therefore, many health care facilities require providers to be vaccinated against these diseases to maintain employment. Mandatory vaccination for these health care providers presents potential challenges and safety concerns. Materials and Methods Using a commercial Latex Allergen ELISA Assay kit for Hev b 1, we evaluated the latex content of HAVRIX, ENGERIX-B, TWINRIX, and BOOSTRIX all manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline. Results These data demonstrate undetectable Hev b 1 content among all of the vaccines tested. This study provides the first known data regarding natural rubber latex content in adult vaccines. Conclusions Our study revealed undetectable levels of Hev b 1 natural rubber latex content in the tested adult vaccines. These data provide evidence for prospective studies into the safety of vaccinating latex allergic patients.

scholarly journals Midwives’, Obstetricians’, and Recently Delivered Mothers’ Perceptions of Remote Monitoring for Prenatal Care: Retrospective Survey (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorien Lanssens ◽  
Thijs Vandenberk ◽  
Joy Lodewijckx ◽  
Tessa Peeters ◽  
Valerie Storms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Quality And Patient Safety ◽  
One Year

BACKGROUND The Pregnancy Remote Monitoring (PREMOM) study enrolled pregnant women at increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and investigated the effect of remote monitoring in addition to their prenatal follow-up. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions and experiences of remote monitoring among mothers, midwives, and obstetricians who participated in the PREMOM study. METHODS We developed specific questionnaires for the mothers, midwives, and obstetricians addressing 5 domains: (1) prior knowledge and experience of remote monitoring, (2) reactions to abnormal values, (3) privacy, (4) quality and patient safety, and (5) financial aspects. We also questioned the health care providers about which issues they considered important when implementing remote monitoring. We used a 5-point Likert scale to provide objective scores. It was possible to add free-text feedback at every question. RESULTS A total of 91 participants completed the questionnaires. The mothers, midwives, and obstetricians reported positive experiences and perceptions of remote monitoring, although most of them had no or little prior experience with this technology. They supported a further rollout of remote monitoring in Belgium. Nearly three-quarters of the mothers (34/47, 72%) did not report any problems with taking the measurements at the required times. Almost half of the mothers (19/47, 40%) wanted to be contacted within 3 to 12 hours after abnormal measurement values, preferably by telephone. CONCLUSIONS Although most of midwives and obstetricians had no or very little experience with remote monitoring before enrolling in the PREMOM study, they reported, based on their one-year experience, that remote monitoring was an important component in the follow-up of high-risk pregnancies and would recommend it to their colleagues and pregnant patients. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03246737; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03246737 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/76KVnHSYY)

scholarly journals Caregiver Burden: Caregiving Workshops Have a Positive Impact on Those Caring for Individuals With Dementia in Arkansas

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237437352110180
Author(s):  
Robin E. McAtee ◽  
Laura Spradley ◽  
Leah Tobey ◽  
Whitney Thomasson ◽  
Gohar Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Complex Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Burden Scale

Millions of Americans live with dementia. Caregivers of this population provide countless hours of multifaceted, complex care that frequently cause unrelenting stress which can result in immense burden. However, it is not fully understood what efforts can be made to reduce the stress among caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD). Therefore, the aim of this pretest–posttest designed study was to evaluate changes in caregiver burden after providing an educational intervention to those caring for PWD in Arkansas. Forty-one participants completed the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale before and after attending a 4-hour dementia-focused caregiving workshop. The analysis of the means, standard deviations, and paired t tests showed that there was an increase in the confidence and competence in caring for PWD 30 to 45 days after attending the workshop. Health care providers need to understand both the vital role caregivers provide in managing a PWD and the importance of the caregiver receiving education about their role as a caregiver. Utilizing caregiver educational programs is a first step.

scholarly journals Are antiretrovirals prescribed according to the recommended prescribed daily doses in the private healthcare sector in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norah L. Katende-Kyenda ◽  
Martie Lubbe ◽  
Juan H.P. Serfontein ◽  
Ilse Truter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Health Care Sector ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Private Health Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Increased Risk

Current antiretroviral treatment (ART) guidelines recommend different combinations that have led to major improvements in the management of HIV and AIDS in the developed and developing world. With the rapid approval of many agents, health care providers may not be able to familiarise themselves with them all. This lack of knowledge leads to increased risk of dose- prescribing errors, especially by non-HIV and AIDS specialists. The purpose of this retrospective non-experimental, quantitative drug utilisation study was to evaluate if antiretrovirals (ARVs) are prescribed according to the recommended prescribed daily doses (PDDs) in a section of the private health care sector in South Africa (SA). Analysed ARV prescriptions (49995, 81096 and 88988) for HIV and AIDS patients were claimed from a national medicine claims database for the period 1 January 2005 through to 31 December 2007. ARV prescriptions prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) with PDDs not according to the recommended ARV dosing increased dramatically, from 12.33% in 2005 to 24.26% in 2007. Those prescribed by specialists (SPs) increased from 15.46% in 2005 to 35.20% in 2006 and decreased to 33.16% in 2007. The highest percentage of ARV prescriptions with PDDs not according to recommended ARV dosing guidelines was identified in ARV regimens with lopinavir−ritonavir at a PDD of 1066.4/264 mg and efavirenz at a PDD of 600 mg prescribed to patients in the age group of Group 3 (19 years > age ≤ 45 years). These regimens were mostly prescribed by GPs rather than SPs. There is a need for more education for all health care professionals and/or providers in the private health care sector in SA on recommended ARV doses, to avoid treatment failures, development of resistance, drug-related adverse effects and drug interactions.OpsommingHuidige riglyne vir behandeling met antiretrovirale middels beveel verskillende kombinasies aan wat tot groot verbetering in die beheer van MIV en VIGS in die ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende wêreld gelei het. Met die vinnige goedkeuring van talle nuwe middels kan dit gebeur dat verskaffers van gesondheidsorg nie kan bybly om hulle hiermee op hoogte te hou nie. Hierdie gebrek aan kennis lei tot ‘n hoër risiko vir foute in die voorgeskrewe dosis en veral deur persone wat nie spesialiste in MIV en VIGS is nie. Die doel van hierdie nie-eksperimentele, retrospektiewe, kwantitatiewe studie van die gebruik van geneesmiddels was om te bepaal of antiretrovirale middels in ‘n deel van die privaat gesondheidsorgsektor in Suid-Afrika (SA) volgens die aanbevole voorgeskrewe daaglikse dosisse (VDD) voorgeskryf word. Voorskrifte van antiretrovirale middels (49995, 81096 en 88988) aan pasiënte met MIV en VIGS wat in die periode van 1 Januarie 2005 tot 31 Desember 2007 van ‘n nasionale medisyne databasis geëis is, is ontleed. Voorskrifte van antiretrovirale middels deur algemene praktisyns (APs) met VDDs wat nie volgens die aanbevole dosisse vir antiretrovirale middels was nie, het dramaties van 12.33% in 2005 tot 24.26% in 2007 toegeneem. Die wat deur spesialiste (SPs) voorgeskryf is, het van 15.46% in 2005 tot 35.20% in 2006 toegeneem en in 2007 tot 33.16% gedaal. Die hoogste persentasie van voorskrifte vir antiretrovirale middels met VDDs wat nie volgens die riglyne was nie, was in die regimens met lopinavir−ritonavir met ‘n VDD van 1066.4/264 mg en efavirens met ‘n VDD van 600 mg wat aan pasiënte in die ouderdomsgroep van ouer as 19 tot en met 45 jaar voorgeskryf is. Hierdie regimens is meer deur APs as deur SPs voorgeskryf. Daar is ‘n behoefte aan nog opleiding van alle gesondheidsprofessies en/of voersieners in die privaat gesondheidsorgsektor in SA oor die aanbevole antiretrovirale middel-dosisse om mislukking van behandeling, ontwikkeling van weerstand, nadelige effekte vanweë geneesmiddels en geneesmiddel interaksies te voorkom.

scholarly journals Different Perceptions of Parents and Children on Factors Influencing Sport Specialization

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mayrena I. Hernandez ◽  
Kevin M. Biese ◽  
Dan A. Schaefer ◽  
Eric G. Post ◽  
David R. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dyad Analysis ◽  
School Team ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Context: Sport specialization among youth athletes has been associated with increased risk of overuse injuries. Previous research demonstrates that children perceive specialization to be beneficial in making their high school team and receiving athletic college scholarships. Previous research demonstrates that parents play a significant role in their child’s sport experience. However, it is unknown if parents and children answer questions related to specialization factors in a similar manner. Objective: To evaluate the beliefs of youth athletes and parents on factors related to sport specialization and evaluate the level of agreement between dyads on sports specialization. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Online and paper surveys. Patients or Other Participants: Aim 1: 1998 participants (993 children and 1005 parents). Aim 2: 77 paired parent–child dyads. Interventions: Self-administered survey. Main Outcome Measures: The responses were summarized via frequency and proportions (%). Chi-squares were calculated between parent and child responses. Kappa coefficients were calculated for dyads to determine level of agreement. Sport specialization was classified using a common 3-point scale. Results: The parents were more concerned about risk of injury in sports compared with children (P < .001, χ2 = 231.4; parent: extremely: 7.1%; child: extremely: 3.7%). However, children were more likely to believe that specialization was associated with their chances of obtaining an athletic college scholarship compared with parents (P < .001, χ2 = 201.6; parent: very/extremely likely: 13.7%; child: very/extremely likely: 15.8%). Dyad subanalysis indicated a moderate level of agreement for “quitting other sports to focus on one sport” (κ = .50) and a low level of agreement for “identifying a primary sport” (κ = .30) and “training >8 months per year in primary sport” (κ = .32). Conclusions: Parents and youth athletes had differing beliefs on the factors related to sport specialization. Dyad analysis shows that parents and children answer sport specialization classification questions differently. Health care providers should be aware of these differences, and messaging should be individualized to the audience.

Human Milk, Breastfeeding, and Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Serostatus

When making recommendations concerning feeding options for infants, health care providers in the United States must balance the potential for transmission of HIV through human milk with the known benefits of breastfeeding. Additional epidemiologic studies are needed to assess accurately the actual risk of HIV transmission to infants from human milk in the United States. However, because HIV transmission via human milk is possible, knowledge of the HIV serostatus of pregnant women is important to determine whether breastfeeding is appropriate.

The Relevance of Supplemental Vitamin D in Malignancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Nica-Badea ◽  
Aurelian Udristioiu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vdr Polymorphisms

Background: Vitamin D has a widely acknowledged role in regulating the metabolism of calcium and phosphate, both essential to bone remodeling. However, numerous studies in recent decades have emphasized the association between low sun exposure and vitamin D deficiency, and an increased risk of extra-skeletal disorders such as cancer. Objective: This mini-review of literature aims to present an objective overview of several recent studies and meta-analyses evaluating the role of vitamin D in cancer prevention, its potential to improve cancer treatment outcomes, as well as the negative effects of vitamin D deficiencies. Methods: The antitumor effects of calcitriol and analogs in the treatment of cancer, either as single agents or in combination with other anticancer agents, are based on several mechanisms: inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness, induction of differentiation and apoptosis, and promotion of angiogenesis, all recorded in a number of preclinical studies of several cancer types Results: The importance of VDR polymorphisms for individual malignancies remains a topic of debate. Contradictory effects have been recorded in recent studies, the results of which include positive associations of VDR when cumulated with other risk factors, both an increase and a decrease in cancer risks, as well as no correlation between VDR polymorphisms and individual malignancies.. Conclusion: The scientific evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that health care providers and individuals should consider increasing concentrations of 25 (OH) D through sensitive sun exposure and / or by supplementing with vitamin D to reduce cancer risk and, in combination with standard care, to treat cancer.

“My Whole World Fell Apart”: Parents Discovering Their Child Has Anorexia Nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1821-1832
Author(s):  
Emily P. Williams ◽  
Shelly Russell-Mayhew ◽  
Nancy J. Moules ◽  
Gina Dimitropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Hermeneutic Inquiry ◽  
Difficult Times

This was the first study to examine the experience of parents who discover their child was living with anorexia nervosa (AN), thus fulfilling a critical gap in the eating disorder literature. Gadamerian hermeneutic inquiry was the guiding philosophy and method used to investigate this topic. Dialogues with parents revealed the ambiguity inherent within discovery; the isolation, betrayal, and loss felt by parents; and the complicated family dynamics occurring during the process of discovering one’s child has AN. As such, when discoveries are made, parents play a vital role in the development and functioning of the family’s response to the situation. This research offers health care providers a better understanding of the difficult times parents and caregivers experience when discovering their child has AN.

scholarly journals Senior healt-hcare fraud under investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole F. Stowell ◽  
Carl Pacini ◽  
Martina K. Schmidt ◽  
Nathan Wadlinger
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Care Fraud ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Usa

Purpose This study aims to increase awareness and educate the reader about health-care fraud targeting seniors in the USA to help stakeholders better understand, recognize and prevent this type of fraud. Design/methodology/approach This paper collects statistics on the current state of health care frauds committed against seniors, and examines related cases and laws. Findings The authors find this type of fraud is highly prevalent and expected to increase. Current laws preventing this fraud from occurring are multifold and complex. While prevention strategies through law enforcement have been somewhat successful, a reduction in resources may put seniors at an increased risk in the years to come. Research limitations/implications Without additional prevention strategies, the problem will likely escalate with a growing population of older adults. This study encourages further research into effective prevention strategies and methods to fight health-care fraud against seniors. Practical implications Health-care fraud and its associated costs pose a significant threat to the society and economy of the USA. Reducing this fraud will not only reduce the costs to the US economy but also improve the physical and mental well-being of senior victims, reduce their mortality and hospitalization rates and improve the public trust placed to health-care providers. Originality/value This study highlights how health-care fraud is committed against seniors. With the projected trend of an aging US population, educating stakeholders, increasing awareness and applying tools to protect seniors will be important to reduce the absolute scope of this problem in the future.

scholarly journals ESGE and ESGENA Position Statement on gastrointestinal endoscopy and the COVID-19 pandemic

Endoscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (06) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Gralnek ◽  
Cesare Hassan ◽  
Ulrike Beilenhoff ◽  
Giulio Antonelli ◽  
Alanna Ebigbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
European Society ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractWe are currently living in the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic that imposes a significant stress on health care providers and facilities. Europe is severely affected with an exponential increase in incident infections and deaths. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 can be subtle, encompassing a broad spectrum from asymptomatic mild disease to severe respiratory illness. Health care professionals in endoscopy units are at increased risk of infection from COVID-19. Infection prevention and control has been shown to be dramatically effective in assuring the safety of both health care professionals and patients. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (www.esge.com) and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (www.esgena.org) are joining forces to provide guidance during this pandemic to help assure the highest level of endoscopy care and protection against COVID-19 for both patients and endoscopy unit personnel. This guidance is based upon the best available evidence regarding assessment of risk during the current status of the pandemic and a consensus on which procedures to perform and the priorities on resumption. We appreciate the gaps in knowledge and evidence, especially on the proper strategy(ies) for the resumption of normal endoscopy practice during the upcoming phases and end of the pandemic and therefore a list of potential research questions is presented. New evidence may result in an updated statement.

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