Preparation of MoB2 Nanoparticles by Electrolysis of MoS2/B Mixture in Molten NaCl-KCl at 700 oC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianglin Liu ◽  
Yongsong Ma ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Huayi Yin ◽  
Dihua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Carbon Anode ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Green Process ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Electrolysis Method

Abstract MoB2 is synthesized by the electrochemical reduction of solid MoS2/B mixture in molten NaCl-KCl at 700 oC. Unlike the traditional methods, the electrolysis method employs the low-cost MoS2 feedstock and the boronization reaction happens at a low temperature of 700 oC. The electrochemically induced boronization involves two steps: the electrochemical desulfurization to generate Mo and the reaction of Mo with B to form MoB2. The S2- released from the reduction of MoS2 transfers to the carbon anode and is oxidized to sulfur gas, realizing a green synthetic process. In addition, the influences of molar ratio of MoS2 and amorphous boron and electrolysis cell voltage on the phase composition and morphology of electrolytic products were studied. The obtained MoB2 particles possess a uniform nodular morphology. Overall, this paper provides a straightforward and green process to prepare MoB2 nanoparticles using economically affordable raw materials at low temperature, and this method can be extended to prepare other borides.

Preparation and Mechanism of Cordierite by Using Calcined Bauxite as Raw Material at Relatively Low Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 1066-1071
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Wu ◽  
Bin Zheng Fang ◽  
Xiao Hong Xu ◽  
Xin Bin Lao
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Synthetic Temperature ◽  
Sintering Method

The cordierite was synthesized at relatively low temperature by pressureless sintering method, using calcined bauxite, talcum , quartz and feldspar as raw materials in this paper. The water absorption (Wa), porosity (Pa), bulk density (Db) and bending strength of samples have been tested, and the synthetic process and mechanism have been investigated by XRD, SEM, and so on. The results showed that the cordierite could be synthesized at 1280°C and the range of synthetic temperature is 1160~1300°C, when the sample was sintered at 1280°C for 2h, its bulk density and bending strength were 2.20g/cm3and 72.13MPa, respectively. XRD analysis showed that the main phase of sample was cordierite, the cordierite content was about 88wt%, and the minor phases were MgAl2O4spinel and corundum. SEM results showed that the samples were dense and the pore sizes were 5 μm~100μm, the grains were growth and development well, the grains size were 0.5μm~6μm. High reaction activity corundum and mullite were provided by calcined bauxite, then coupled with the role of feldspar, thus reduced the synthetic temperature of cordierite.

Low-cost biodiesel production using waste oil and catalyst

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2093517
Author(s):  
Raheleh Talavari ◽  
Shokoufe Hosseini ◽  
GR Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
X Ray

With the production of renewable biofuels, concerns about the end of fossil fuels have been partially eliminated. On the other hand, the utilization of low-cost and waste materials to provide the raw essential substances to manufacture these fuels is of paramount importance. Biodiesel is one of these fuels and the required raw materials for the reaction are oil (triglycerides), alcohol and catalyst. In this work, travertine stone powder (as waste in the manufacture of building materials) was used as a catalyst and waste frying oil as a source of triglyceride for biodiesel production. Using thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analysis, optimum temperature for catalyst calcination was selected at 900°C. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed. Using the design of experiments Response Surface Methodology, the optimum reaction conditions for biodiesel production yield of 97.74% were: reaction temperature 59.52°C (~60°C), time 3.8 h (228 min), catalyst concentration 1.36 wt.% and the methanol to oil molar ratio of 11:6. After reusing four times, the catalyst efficiency was reduced a little, and the biodiesel yield was 89.84%, indicating high strength and stability of the catalyst.

Fabrication of Ti3AlC2 Powder with High-Purity by Pressureless Sintering

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 1247-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Qing Peng ◽  
Chang An Wang ◽  
Liang Qi ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Pressureless Sintering ◽  
B2o3 Addition

In this work, a new method to fabricate high-purity Ti3AlC2 powder by pressureless sintering (PLS) was reported through adding a little amount of B2O3 as a low-temperature aid. The elemental Ti, Al, and active carbon powders were used as raw materials with the molar ratio of 3 : 1.2 : 2. The effect of sintering temperature on the purity of Ti3AlC2 was investigated at the range of 800°C to 1400°C. The results showed that high-purity Ti3AlC2 powders, in which almost no TiC phase could be found, were stably fabricated by pressureless synthesis at 1400°C for 5 mins in flow Ar atmosphere. The roles of B2O3 addition were discussed in the paper.

Preparation of Li4Ti5O12 as Anode Material by Solution Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Fang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Anode Materials ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Carbon Anode ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Heat Treated

Lithium titanate was synthesized by liquid method and lithium hydroxide was used as raw materials. During the synthesis process, the value of n(Li)/n(Ti), the calcination temperature and calcination time were investigated. The experiment results show that when the molar ratio of Li/Ti is 0.85 and the lithium titanate was heat-treated at 750 °C for 8 h, we could get the target product which showed the best electrochemical performances. it was considered to be an excellent electrode materials for lithium-ion battery, and an ideal alternative to carbon anode materials.

Synthesis of High Purity Ti3AlC2 Bulk Material by Hot-Pressing

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1369-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Qing Peng ◽  
Chang An Wang ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Explosive Reaction

A new method to synthesize high-purity Ti3AlC2 bulk material by hot-pressing was presented through adding a little amount of B2O3 as a low-temperature aid. The elemental Ti, Al, and active carbon powders were used as raw materials with a molar ratio of 3:1.2:2.The effect of sintering temperature on the purity of Ti3AlC2 was investigated at the range of 1200°C to 1500°C. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the product synthesized. High-purity Ti3AlC2 bulk materials, in which almost no TiC phase could be found, were synthesized by hot-pressing at 1400°C and 1500°C for 1h in flow Ar atmosphere. The roles of B2O3 addition were considered as weakening the thermal explosive reaction in the mixture of elemental Ti, Al, and active carbon and increasing the purity of Ti3AlC2 in addition.

Low-temperature biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using mango leaf extract: catalytic effect, antioxidant properties, anticancer activity and application for colorimetric sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (19) ◽  
pp. 15905-15916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayezeh Samari ◽  
Hossein Salehipoor ◽  
Ebrahim Eftekhar ◽  
Saeed Yousefinejad
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Capping Agent ◽  
Green Process ◽  
Colorimetric Sensing

Aqueous mango leaf extract was used as a reducing and capping agent for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)viaa single-step, low cost and green process.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of NaA Zeolite Using Natural Kaolinite Clays from Nigeria by Low Temperature Hydrothermal Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Ifedayo Joshua Akinruli ◽  
Seun Samuel Owoeye ◽  
Segun Michael Abegunde ◽  
Ayodeji E. Onipede ◽  
Ukoba Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
Zeolite Naa ◽  
Hydrothermal Transformation ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
Synthetic Zeolites ◽  
Ft Ir

Zeolites NaA is one of the most valuable synthetic zeolites widely used as ion-exchange material, catalysts, and adsorbents in industry. There is therefore need to adopt a more energy-efficient route for its synthesis from low-cost and sustainable raw materials. In this present work, zeolites Na-A was synthesized from natural kaolinite clays obtained from three selected regions (Ikere, Okpella and Kankara) in Nigeria. The as-received kaolinite clays (IKclay, OKclay and KAclay) were initially beneficiated thoroughly to obtain pure powders (˂75 μm). The processed kaolinite clay powders were then subjected to heating in a muffle furnace at 850oC for 3 h at a heating rate of 10oC/min to convert the kaolinite clays to their respective metakaolins. The obtained metakaolins were then reacted with NaOH solutions at varying concentrations of 3.0 and 4.0M respectively using a low temperature hydrothermal transformation to obtained Zeolites Na-A powders. The obtained zeolites were then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that zeolite NaA is produced with mixture of hydroxysodalite (HS) while the EDS revealed the presence of Si, Al, O and Na indicating chemical constituents of typical zeolite NaA. All the tested kaolinite clays are therefore suitable for preparation of zeolite NaA as cheaper source of silica and aluminum.

scholarly journals Synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X from tablet compressed and calcinated coal fly ash

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 170921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Hu ◽  
Wenyan Gao ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Yifu Zhang ◽  
Changgong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Zeolite Synthesis ◽  
Phase Pure ◽  
Synthetic Zeolites ◽  
Tablet Compression

Zeolites Na-A and Na-X are important synthetic zeolites widely used for separation and adsorption in industry. It is of great significance to develop energy-efficient routines that can synthesize zeolites Na-A and Na-X from low-cost raw materials. Coal fly ash (CFA) is the major residue from the combustion of coal and biomass containing more than 85% SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , which can readily replace the conventionally used sodium silicate and aluminate for zeolite synthesis. We used Na 2 CO 3 to replace the expensive NaOH used for the calcination of CFA and showed that tablet compression can enhance the contact with Na 2 CO 3 for the activation of CFA through calcination for the synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X under mild conditions. We optimized the control variables for zeolite synthesis and showed that phase-pure zeolite Na-A can be synthesized with CFA at reactant molar ratio, hydrothermal reaction temperature and reaction time of 1.3Na 2 O: 0.6Al 2 O 3 : 1SiO 2 : 38H 2 O at 80°C for 6 h, respectively, while phase-pure zeolite Na-X can be synthesized at 2.2Na 2 O: 0.2Al 2 O 3 : 1SiO 2 : 88H 2 O at 100°C for 8 h, respectively. The composition, morphology, specific surface area, vibration spectrum and thermogravimetry of synthesized Na-A and Na-X were further characterized.

Synthesis of Amyl Ferulate Catalyzed by Sodium Bisulfate Supported by Silica

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Xiang Wen Kong ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Li Li Ren ◽  
Zhao Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Direct Esterification ◽  
Sodium Bisulfate ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Amyl ferulate was synthesized by direct esterification with using sodium bisulfate supported by silica as a catalyst, ferulic acid and n-pentanol as raw materials. The influences of some factors on the synthetic process were studied. The optimal reaction conditions based upon 0.2 mol of ferulic acid were chosen that the molar ratio of n-pentanol and ferulic acid was 2 : 1, the mass ratio of catalyst to reactants was 6%, refluxing reaction time was 3 hours. The yield of the product reached 97% under the above conditions. The structure of the product was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and MS spectrum. The catalyst could be recycled and used for many times.

Low-Temperature Self-Mixing Combustion Synthesis of Spinel LiMn2O4: Effect of Igniting Temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
Gui Yang Liu ◽  
Jun Ming Guo ◽  
Bao Sen Wang ◽  
Ying He ◽  
Li Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Higher Temperature

In this paper, a low-temperature self-mixing combustion synthesis method was introduced to prepare spinel LiMn2O4. Low-melting raw materials and fuel (acetate salts as starting materials and urea as fuel) were molten to a homogeneous liquid mixture at ~100°C. The mixture was then ignited and calcined at a higher temperature, final products were obtained. The products were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electric microscope (SEM). XRD analysis indicated that product with higher purity was obtained at 550°C for 5h when the molar ratio of Li:Mn:urea=1:2:4. The impurity Mn2O3 was appeared in the products when the igniting temperature >600°C, and the content of Mn2O3 increased with the increasing igniting temperatures. SEM investigation indicated that the particles of the products were small and agglomerated. The igniting temperature monitoring indicated that the combustion reaction rate increased with increasing igniting temperature, and this did not favor for the formation of LiMn2O4.

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