The Effect of the Reaction pH on Properties of Lead(II) Azide

Lead(II) azide is an initiating explosive; even a small amount can trigger an explosion caused by simple external stimuli, such as sparks, flames, friction or pinpricks, and is able to initiate the explosive reaction of rock-crushing explosives. Due to the fact that this initiating explosive triggers further reactions, the effect of priming detonators depends on the properties of its material. Its sensitivity is associated with the size of its crystals. For instance, it is used for mining detonators in the form of fine crystals. The quality of the crystals is also correlated to the safety of the production process, i.e., the crystals should be round-shaped rather than needle-like since breaking it would inevitably trigger an explosion. The process of lead(II) azide production on an industrial scale is based on the reaction of lead(II) nitrate with sodium azide with the presence of dextrin, which determines the desired shape of the crystals. The reaction pH affects the number of sediment particles formed in a periodical reactor. Changing the pH from 6.5 to 7.5 leads to the rapid growth of crystal particles.

Palabras públicas y privadas en el Libro de los engaños

When the stepmother allegorizes the figure of King Alcos with that of a pig in the Libro de los engaños, it does not show any evident symptom of anger or passion that snatches the judgment. This is striking considering that, at this point in the narrative, the king is immersed in a process where he is deciding whether or not to kill his own and only son, in the face of an explosive reaction of ira regia. It should be considered that a private, previously, showed a forceful worldview of the power of the royal figure by symbolizing the figure of a monarch with that of a lion. A first impression of this could make us think that Alcos has been insulted by the woman, and there seems to be no explanation for his passivity towards it. This situational and conceptual paradigm, behind its apparent simplicity, can make us reflect on the figure of the king in the contextual situation of the first translation of the Libro de los engaños in Spain in the Middle Ages. It can give us data and clues of a sociocultural worldview and the fabric of power closest to the king portrayed in the text, but also provide us with an idea of the complicated handling of narrative spaces with which we could understand the reasons why Alcos, powerful and passionate, keep calm when compared to a pig, and give us an idea of the unsuspected spatial arrangement of the story, which was perhaps understandable for a mind like the medieval.

The first find of carbon nano- and microtubes and graphite mi- croflakes in carbonate “stone pipes” (island of Crete, Greece)

Relevance of the work. After finding carbon nanotubes in the so-called silicate “stone pipes” of Dzharakuduk (Uzbekistan) in 2016, we quickly began to accumulate material about discovering carbon nanominerals in similar objects in Kazakhstan, Israel, and India. And after a similar find on the island of Crete (but in carbonate “stone pipes”), it became possible to conduct some generalization for the Mediterranean region. Purpose of the work: identification of the features of the development of carbon nano- and micromineralization in the carbonate “stone pipes” of the island of Crete in comparison with previously known samples from silicate “stone pipes”. Methodology. The samples selected by the authors were studied using optical polarization (ATAMI microscope) and scanning electron microscopy with microdiffraction (SEM LEO SUPRA 50V), differential thermal analysis with mass spectrometric termination (DTA + TG + MS). Results. In the pores and caverns of pyro- and shock-metamorphosed organogenic calcite limestones in the outcrop on the coast of northern Crete (near Malia, Crete, Greece), some fibrous-diverse aggregates of carbon nano- and microminerals (carbon multilayer nano- and microtubes, as well as microflakes of multilayer “graphenes”externally replaced by graphite) with carbonate “stone pipes” almost completely cut off by sea erosion. Conclusions. The first comprehensive study of carbon nano- and micromineralization in the carbonate “stone pipes” of Crete Island allows us to conclude that they are formed as a result of the explosive reaction of silanes that were part of the primary hydrocarbon-like fluid with an aqueous-oxygen atmosphere below the earth’s surface at high temperatures (T> 1250 ° C) and pressure (P> 40 Pa).

Ceramic Oxides from Liquid Explosive Reaction

This investigation promotes the design of emulsion explosives and the development of detonation theory on a microscale. As the total composition of oxidizing and reducing elements of the reactants leave related to the thermochemistry of the system, the computational details of predicting the temperatures of detonation were introduced. It was found that a significant improvement was achieved in the emulsion explosives with an aquiferous system. An improvement in the detonation synthesis of nanolithium and zinc oxides is due to the formation of an activated matrix of the metal nitrates’ oxidizer with the corresponding fuel. Temperatures of detonation of emulsion explosives and explosive formulations are predicted using thermochemistry information. The methodology assumes that the heat of detonation of an explosive compound of composition CaHbNcOdLieZnf can be approximated as the difference between the heats of formation of the detonation products and that of the explosive, divided by the formula weight of the explosive. For the calculations in which the first set of decomposition products is assumed, predicted temperatures of detonation of emulsion explosives with the product H2O in the gas phase have a deviation of 413.66 K from results with the product H2O in the liquid state. Fine-particle lithium and zinc oxides have been prepared by the detonation of emulsion explosives of the metal nitrates, M (NO3) x (M = Li, Zn) as oxidizers and paraffine as fuels, at high temperature and short reaction time. The detonation products were identified from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. XRD analysis shows that nanoparticles of lithium and zinc oxides can be produced from detonation of emulsion explosives due to fast quenching as well as appropriate detonation velocity and temperature.

A facile synthesis of carbon-encapsulated ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals as anode for lithium-ion batteries

An explosive reaction between zinc nitrate hexahydrate and ferrocene taking place below 200∘C is discovered, which is employed for the one-step preparation of carbon-encapsulated ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals (ZnFe2O4@C) with core–shell structure in an autoclave. The small-sized equiaxed ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals have a median diameter of 22.1[Formula: see text]nm. The uniform carbon shell of about 5[Formula: see text]nm in thickness is amorphous, and its content is 32.6[Formula: see text]wt.% in the nanocomposite. After 50 cycles, the ZnFe2O4@C anode still maintains a high specific capacity of 551[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at a current density of 50[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. The efficient, energy-saving and environment-friendly method will be very attractive for preparing different kinds of carbon-encapsulated nanocrystals.

ABSENCE OF H2O2 BREAKDOWN IN HUMAN HAIR MEDULLA IMPLICATIONS IN FOLLICULAR MELANOGENESIS

The purpose of this manuscript is to introduce the absence of H2O2 decomposition in the human hair follicle medulla. This absence is attributed to an absence of the antioxidants that are essential for the elimination of reactive oxygen species generated during cellular respiration. The present assumption is that the human hair follicle follicular melanogenesis (FM) involves sequentially the melanogenic activity of follicular melanocytes, the transfer of melanin granules into cortical and medulla keratinocytes, and the formation of pigmented hair shafts. The introduction of an airborne gradual hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules transfer into water, has allowed for the slow down of H2O2 decomposition speed when contacting human tissue. The usual explosive reaction commonly seen has been avoided; and previously unseen details of the H2O2 breakdown anatomical locations within the human hair follicle reaction can now be detected. Dynamic video-recordings show for the first time H2O2 decomposition occurring in the cortical and cortex areas. Published evidence links cellular H2O2 breakdown and metabolism. A new paradigm is herein introduced where the human hair medulla is excluded from H2O2 breakdown, thus inferring the absence of metabolic activity from FM.

Subcultural Capital

This chapter shows punk’s explosive reaction with (and against) the globalizing music industries of the East and West using the concept of “subcultural capital”—which punk bands needed to maintain their alternative credibility with punks, but which could be exchanged for record contracts in the right situation. It examines the different responses to this dilemma among punk scenes in the West (London and New York), and two distinct types of punk scenes in communist Eastern Europe (those of states that divided bands into categories of “professional” and “amateur” and those of states that did not). Strategies ranged from attempting to cordon off a sphere of alternative culture untouched by the market to setting the market against itself. Each strategy gave its corresponding scene a distinct local inflection.

Low temperature oxidation synthesis of carbon encapsulated Cr2O3 nanocrystals and its lithium storage performance

A highly efficient and convenient strategy is developed for the one-step in-situ synthesis of carbon encapsulated Cr2O3 nanocrystals with core-shell structure (Cr2O3@C). The explosive reaction of chromocene with ammonium persulfate in an autoclave at 200[Formula: see text]C is crucial for the formation of this nanostructure. The Cr2O3 nanocrystals have a diameter of 5 to 20[Formula: see text]nm, which are entirely encapsulated by the amorphous carbon shell. The Cr2O3@C anode can retain a stable reversible capacity of 397[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] after 50 cycles at a current density of 119[Formula: see text]mA g[Formula: see text].