The timing of intermittent hypoxia differentially affects macronutrient intake and energy substrate utilization in mice.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Framnes-DeBoer ◽  
Aaron A. Jones ◽  
Michelle Y. Kang ◽  
Kat Propsom ◽  
Lauren R. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Macronutrient Selection

Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder characterized by periodic breathing cessation and intermittent hypoxia (IH). While previous studies have demonstrated that IH alone can influence metabolic outcomes such as body weight, it remains unclear how the timing of IH can specifically affect these outcomes. Here, we examine how pairing 10-hour periods of IH to either the animals' resting phase (e.g. IH during the day) or active phase (e.g. IH during the night) differentially affects body weight, macronutrient selection, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange rate, and glucose tolerance. We find that in contrast to mice exposed to IH during the night, mice exposed to IH during the day preferentially decrease their carbohydrate intake and switch to fat metabolism. Moreover when the IH stimulus was removed, mice that had been exposed to day IH continued to eat a minimal amount of carbohydrates and consumed a higher percentage of Kcal from fat for at least 5 days. These data demonstrate that food choice and substrate utilization are secondary to the timing of IH but not IH itself. Taken together, these data have key clinical implications for individuals with sleep apnea and particularly those who are also experiencing circadian disruption such as night-shift workers.

scholarly journals Sleep Architecture in Night Shift Workers Police Officers with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-hypopnea Syndrome

Sleep Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene Verde-Tinoco ◽  
Rafael Santana-Miranda ◽  
Romel Gutiérrez-Escobar ◽  
Reyes Haro ◽  
Joana Miranda-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Hypopnea Syndrome

A Review of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Shift Work, Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zuo ◽  
Felicia Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Gender Specific

The purpose of the review is to make connections between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and shift work while giving special attention to the factor of gender and rapid eye movement sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that has various detrimental effects on health and cognitive functioning. The prevalence and symptoms of OSA appear to be gender specific. The current clinical guideline has not yet included the evaluation of fatigue, the common symptoms among women with OSA, which may lead to an under diagnosis of OSA among women. Rapid eye movement sleep is associated with more severe OSA episodes. Shift work has a similar range of effects on health and cognitive functioning, however, it affects workers through both sleep disturbance and circadian disruption. Gender specific effects have also been observed among shift workers. Night shift interacts with REM sleep and may lead to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Finally, we proposed the question, “Is there a difference in the REM sleep of male and female night shift workers with OSA,” and “How is cognitive functioning of these two groups affected by the interaction of OSA and shift work?”.

scholarly journals Rearranging meal times during night shift work promotes weight change: a randomised crossover intervention in shift workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria K. W. Leung ◽  
Rochelle Davis ◽  
Catherine E. Huggins ◽  
Erika Rosbotham ◽  
Rebekah Warnock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Control Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
Shift Workers

AbstractUp to 20% of the population in industrialised countries are employed as shift workers. Shift work is an independent risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity. This may be associated with shift workers’ typical habit of eating during the night, as it forces the body to process nutrients when the body is expecting a period of fast. This study aimed to examine whether redistributing meal times, to create a defined overnight fast period, can improve CVD risk factors in night shift workers.Eligible participants were permanent or rotating night shift workers who habitually ate on night shift between 1am to 6am and had abdominal obesity as assessed by waist circumference, but were otherwise healthy. This randomised crossover trial comprised a four-week control period and a four-week intervention period separated by a minimum two-week washout period. During the intervention period, participants were advised to rearrange meal and snack times to create a five hour nightly fast between 1am and 6am. Up to four random 24-hour food recalls per participant were performed during both periods of the study, to check compliance and to assess energy intake. All recall periods included a night shift. Participants attended the research facility at the end of each period to be weighed (seca, gmbh & co. kg, Hamburg, Germany). Work schedule and meals were standardised 24 hours prior to attending the research facility. Data were analysed using paired t-test and reported as mean (SD).Participants (n = 19) were aged 41(10) years. Daily energy intake was not markedly different between the two study periods, intake was 10633 (3591) kJ/ day in the intervention period vs. 10919 (4276) kJ/ day in the control period (n = 60 recalls in each period, p = 0.670). Body weight was significantly lower at the end of the intervention period compared with at the end of the control period (86.2 (17) vs. 87.1 (18) kg, p = 0.001). Similarly, BMI was lower at the end of the intervention period compared with end of control period (30.7 (6) vs. 31.1 (6) kg/m2, p = 0.001).Increasing evidence indicates that working night shifts potentiates weight gain. We show that advising shift workers to avoid eating during 1am and 6am for a four-week period had a positive impact on body weight. Manipulating meal and snack times for shift workers may be a simple strategy to assist in weight management.

A Review of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Shift Work, Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zuo ◽  
Joshua Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Gender Specific

The purpose of the review is to make connections between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and shift work while giving special attention to the factor of gender and rapid eye movement sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that has various detrimental effects on health and cognitive functioning. The prevalence and symptoms of OSA appear to be gender specific. The current clinical guideline has not yet included the evaluation of fatigue, the common symptoms among women with OSA, which may lead to an under diagnosis of OSA among women. Rapid eye movement sleep is associated with more severe OSA episodes. Shift work has a similar range of effects on health and cognitive functioning, however, it affects workers through both sleep disturbance and circadian disruption. Gender specific effects have also been observed among shift workers. Night shift interacts with REM sleep and may lead to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Finally, we proposed the question, “Is there a difference in the REM sleep of male and female night shift workers with OSA,” and “How is cognitive functioning of these two groups affected by the interaction of OSA and shift work?”.

scholarly journals Intermittent hypoxia in utero damages postnatal growth and cardiovascular function in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Chen ◽  
Zahra Heidari Zadi ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Steven M. Scharf ◽  
Eung-Kwon Pae
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in pregnancy and may compromise fetal and even postnatal development. We developed an animal model to determine if maternal OSA could have lasting effects in offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to reduced ambient O2 from 21 to 4–5%, approximately once per minute [chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)] for 8 h/day during gestation days 3–19. Similarly handled animals exposed to ambient air served as controls (HC). Offspring were studied for body growth and cardiovascular function for 8 postnatal weeks. Compared with HC, prenatal CIH led to growth restriction, indicated by smaller body weight and tibial length, and higher arterial blood pressure in both male and female offspring. Compared with same-sex HC, CIH males showed abdominal obesity (greater ratio of abdominal fat weight to body weight or tibial length), left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (greater heart weight-to-tibial length ratio and LV posterior wall diastolic thickness), elevated LV contractility (increases in LV ejection fraction, end-systolic pressure-volume relations, and preload recruitable stroke work), elevated LV and arterial stiffness (increased end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship and arterial elasticity), and LV oxidative stress (greater lipid peroxide content). Compared with female CIH offspring, male CIH offspring had more profound changes in blood pressure (BP), cardiac function, myocardial lipid peroxidase (LPO) content, and abdominal adiposity. Rodent prenatal CIH exposure, mimicking human maternal OSA, exerts detrimental morphological and cardiovascular effects on developing offspring; the model may provide useful insights of OSA effects in humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obstructive sleep apnea is common in human pregnancy. Following maternal exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia, a hallmark of sleep apnea, both sexes of rat offspring showed growth retardation, with males being more vulnerable to hypertension and dysfunctional left ventricular changes. This model is useful to study detrimental effects of maternal obstructive sleep apnea on developing offspring in humans.

scholarly journals A Nutritional Counseling Program Prevents an Increase in Workers' Dietary Intake and Body Weight During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Nehme ◽  
Luisa P. Marot ◽  
Luciana F. R. Nogueira ◽  
Elaine C. Marqueze ◽  
Cibele A. Crispim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Counseling Program ◽  
Nutritional Counseling ◽  
Working At Home ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic caused thousands of deaths and changed lives all over the world. Daily life has also altered people's eating habits, mainly among those who stayed working at home. However, changes in the eating habits of workers who remained working during the pandemic are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dietary habits of day and shift workers from a condominium management company, as well as to measure adherence to a nutritional counseling program and its effect on workers' food intake and body weight. One hundred and fifty-one workers (77.5% of day workers and 22.5% of shift workers) were followed up in the pre-pandemic period and during the pandemic. Data on anthropometry, food consumption, and adherence to nutritional counseling were collected during nutritional meetings, which focused on qualitative modification of food intake and control of energy consumption. The rate of adherence to the program did not differ between shifts. The pandemic significantly increased the intake of calories, macronutrients, and several micronutrients in workers of both shifts. Adherence to the nutritional counseling program had an impact on the consumption of proteins and some micronutrients, and also promoted a reduction in body weight and body mass index of workers of both shifts. Evening/night shift workers overall ate their meals later than day workers and also presented an earlier afternoon snack during the pandemic when compared with the pre-pandemic period. In conclusion, the pandemic seems to contribute to the increase in food intake of workers, regardless of the work shift. Those who joined a nutritional counseling program managed their food intake and lost weight.

scholarly journals Alterations in Rev-ERBα/BMAL1 ratio and glycated hemoglobin in rotating shift workers: the EuRhythDia study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Rizza ◽  
Alessio Luzi ◽  
Maria Mavilio ◽  
Marta Ballanti ◽  
Arianna Massimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Metabolic Defects ◽  
Clock Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Objective To detect premature gluco-metabolic defects among night shift workers with disturbances in circadian rhythms. Design and methods We performed a hypothesis-generating, cross-sectional analysis of anthropometric, metabolic, lipid, and inflammation parameters, comparing active (a-NSW, n = 111) and former (f-NSW, n = 98) rotating night shift workers with diurnal workers (controls, n = 69). All participants were hospital nurses. We also evaluated the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and assessed expression of transcription factors REV-ERBα and BMAL1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as indicators of the molecular clock. Results Both a-NSW and f-NSW participants had significantly higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and white blood cell counts (WBC) (p < 0.001 for both), PSQI global score (p = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure levels (p = 0.024) compared with controls. Expression of REV-ERBα/BMAL1 RNA in PBMC was significantly higher in a-NSW (p = 0.05) than in f-NSW or control participants. Multivariate regression analysis showed that working status and PSQI were independent determinants of higher HbA1c levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions We demonstrated that young, healthy night shift workers show subclinical abnormalities in HbA1c and changes in peripheral clock gene expression.

scholarly journals Effects of work organization on the occurrence and resolution of sleep disturbances among night shift workers: a longitudinal observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungho Lee ◽  
Jae Bum Park ◽  
Kyung-Jong Lee ◽  
Seunghon Ham ◽  
Inchul Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Shift Workers

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the association between work organization and the trajectories of insomnia patterns among night shift workers in a hospital. The health examination data of hospital workers, recorded from January 2014 to December 2018, were collected; 6765 records of 2615 night shift workers were included. Insomnia was defined as a score of ≥ 15 on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Participants were categorized into five groups according to insomnia patterns derived from the analysis of their ISI scores. Work organization and socio-demographic characteristics were also investigated. Generalized estimating equation models and linear mixed models were constructed to analyze the longitudinal data. Of the total participants, 53.0% reported insomnia at least once during the follow-up period. The lack of nap opportunities and work-time control was associated with the occurrence of insomnia, whereas more than 5 years of shift work experience was related to the resolution of insomnia. All work-related factors were significantly related to insomnia risk; however, the effects were not significant in the sustained insomnia group. Although sleep problems are inevitable in night shift workers, well-designed work schedules and better work organization can help reduce the occurrence of insomnia among them.

scholarly journals Chronotype-specific Sleep in Two Versus Four Consecutive Shifts

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042110060
Author(s):  
Dorothee Fischer ◽  
Till Roenneberg ◽  
Céline Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Night Shift ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Consecutive Night ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Night Shifts

The study aimed to explore chronotype-specific effects of two versus four consecutive morning or night shifts on sleep-wake behavior. Sleep debt and social jetlag (a behavioral proxy of circadian misalignment) were estimated from sleep diary data collected for 5 weeks in a within-subject field study of 30 rotating night shift workers (29.9 ± 7.3 years, 60% female). Mixed models were used to examine whether effects of shift sequence length on sleep are dependent on chronotype, testing the interaction between sequence length (two vs. four) and chronotype (determined from sleep diaries). Analyses of two versus four morning shifts showed no significant interaction effects with chronotype. In contrast, increasing the number of night shifts from two to four increased sleep debt in early chronotypes, but decreased sleep debt in late types, with no change in intermediate ones. In early types, the higher sleep debt was due to accumulated sleep loss over four night shifts. In late types, sleep duration did not increase over the course of four night shifts, so that adaptation is unlikely to explain the observed lower sleep debt. Late types instead had increased sleep debt after two night shifts, which was carried over from two preceding morning shifts in this schedule. Including naps did not change the findings. Social jetlag was unaffected by the number of consecutive night shifts. Our results suggest that consecutive night shifts should be limited in early types. For other chronotypes, working four night shifts might be a beneficial alternative to working two morning and two night shifts. Studies should record shift sequences in rotating schedules.

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